Journal of environmental biology最新文献

{"title":"Diversity of Ceratium Schrank (Dinophyceae) species in the surface waters of Dhamra, Odisha, Eastern India","authors":"S.P. Pradhan, S. Nayak, S.N. Sharma, P. Nayak, N. Muduli, L. Patnaik","doi":"10.22438/jeb/44/6/5141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/6/5141","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To study the diversity of Ceratium Schrank (Dinophyceae) species in the surface waters of Dhamra, Odisha, Eastern India. Methodology: The present study was carried out at six GPS coordinated stations in the coastal waters of Dhamra, Odisha during pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon periods (March 2021, October 2021 and February 2022). Standard methods were followed for measuring sea surface temperature, transparency, dissolved oxygen, pH, alkalinity, salinity, silicate, nitrite, nitrate and phosphate. Samples were collected by filtration as well as towing method. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were carried out for the identification of Ceratium species. Results: A total of twenty-eight species of Ceratium were observed. Out of the reported twenty-eight species, C. massiliense var. armatum and C. breve var. breve have not been reported earlier in the coastal waters of Dhamra, Odisha. Diversity of Ceratium species was influenced by various parameters. Analyses of water quality parameters, showed that the transparency, salinity, alkalinity, nitrite and phosphate were maximum during pre-monsoon whereas temperature and silicate concentration were higher in monsoon. Similarly, during post-monsoon, pH and nitrate concentration were maximum. Availability of nutrients might have probably influenced the distribution of Ceratium species in the coastal waters and one of the sources was from the riverine influx. Interpretation: Abundance of Ceratium species is probably regulated by alkalinity, high transparency, salinity and phosphate concentration in the surrounding water. Dhamra coastal water is conducive for the growth of Ceratium sp. which primarily uses phosphate for developing the horns. Key words: Abundance plot, Bray-Curtis, Ceratium, Dinophyceae, Species diversity","PeriodicalId":15688,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental biology","volume":"2000 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139297655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of chemical composition of ethanolic extract of bee pollen in India","authors":"D. Khakhlary, A. Rana","doi":"10.22438/jeb/44/6/5148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/6/5148","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Bee pollen is a mixture of pollen/male gametophyte of flowers, nectar/sweet liquid substance from flowers and salivary secretions of bees. It comprises a huge diversity of compounds which are thought to work together for medicinal purpose. The present study was undertaken to assess the bioactive components of bee pollens responsible for therapeutic properties. Methodology: The volatile chemicals compounds found in ethanolic extracts of Apis mellifera pollen were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results: The observations revealed the presence of hydrocarbons, sugars and their derivatives, fatty acids, glycosides, alcohol, esters, aldehyde and carbamate. Interpretation: Present findings authenticate huge chemical diversity and hence, further study on pollens is required due to its broad spectrum of potential medicinal and nutritional activities. Key words: G-C mass spectrometry, Bee pollen, Bioactive compounds","PeriodicalId":15688,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental biology","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139303971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meiotic analysis of induced translocation heterozygotes in Lepidium sativum Linn.","authors":"G. Kumar, P. Pandey, A. Pandey, J. Yadav, N.K. Tiwari, S. Pandey","doi":"10.22438/jeb/44/6/5139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/6/5139","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To assess the cytological effects of Gamma rays on the pollen mother cells and post meiotic products of Lepidium sativum Linn. which resulted in isolation of translocation heterozygote and aneuploid gametes. Methodology: During the experiment, parameters such as Meiotic stages, chromosomal structure, and pollen fertility were studied. Fresh seeds of Garden cress were orderly arranged in plastic and divided into four groups. The fresh seeds of each group were individually irradiated with 60Gy, 150Gy, 300Gy, 450Gy and 600Gy @ 7.247KGyh-1 in the Floriculture Laboratory of National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI), Lucknow (India). The source for gamma ray irradiation was Cobalt-60. The irradiated seeds were sown in triplicates along with their respective controls. Results: Meiotic analysis of pollen mother cells (PMCs) at 300Gy showed translocation heterozygotes, however, in the control sets, the rate was negligible and phenotypically the plants were weak and short heighted. The cytological illustration of chromosomal configuration at diakinesis and metaphase I exhibited the superiority of tetravalents, bivalent and other forms of chromosomal associations such as multivalents. The induced translocation heterozygotes resulted in stickiness at metaphase and anaphase states along with the formation of bridges at anaphase stage. Due to chromosomal anomalies, the pollen fertility was reduced to 37.54±0.25% in contrast to control plants (98.20±0.16%). Interpretation: The current research work would be of paramount interest as translocation heterozygote serves as a source for raising aneuploid offspring having novel genetic combinations. Key words: Chromosomal anomalies, Heterozygotes, Lepidium sativum Linn, Meiosis, Pollen fertility","PeriodicalId":15688,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental biology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139303972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physico-chemical, nutritional and sensory properties of cookies substituted with banana peel powder from three different traditional varieties","authors":"D. Naveen, K.N. Shiva, P. Suresh Kumar, K. Kamaraju, C. Sivananth, R. Sivasankari, S. Uma","doi":"10.22438/jeb/44/6/5022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/6/5022","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To analyze the physico-chemical, nutritional and sensory properties of cookies substituted with banana peel powder from Karpuravalli (ABB), Monthan (ABB) and Nendran (AAB) varieties. Methodology: Matured banana bunches were harvested from ICAR - NRCB farm followed by separation of peel and pulp manually. The peels were cut into small pieces and soaked in 0.05% potassium metabisulfite for 15 min to prevent browning. They were dried in a hot air oven (55 ± 20C), and converted into powder using an attrition mill. The cookies were prepared according to the AACC (2000) method 10-54.01 with minor modifications. The developed cookies were analyzed for their physical, proximate chemical composition viz., moisture, colour, total carbohydrate, total starch, total sugar, fat, fiber, ash, protein, total phenols, flavonoids and minerals. Results: Addition of banana peel powder in the cookies significantly improved the nutritional properties by altering its fiber content from 1.02% to 2.98% and decreasing the fat content by 19.95 to 22.23%. It also decreased the hardness of the cookies. The sensory results revealed that the banana peel flour incorporated cookies also scored equal to that of control cookies. Interpretation: Banana peel has potential component for improving the nutritional characteristics of cookies and to make functional foods. Key words: Banana peel powder, Bioactive compounds, Cookies, Nutrition","PeriodicalId":15688,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental biology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139298109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic analysis of zinc rich landraces for yield, quality and nutritional traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"T. V. Ratnam, B. Kumar, L. V. Subba Rao, T. Srinivas, Adesh Kumar, Y. Suneetha","doi":"10.22438/jeb/44/6/5115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/6/5115","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To study genetic variability, correlation, path and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in a set of 100 zinc rich rice landraces along with four checks. Methodology: The study was carried out at the Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Maruteru, during Rabi season, 2020-2021 in an Augmented Randomized Block Design. Results: Grain yield per plant, grains per panicle, productive tillers m-2 and test weight showed moderate genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) coupled with high heritability and genetic advance as per cent mean. These traits also had positive and significant association coupled with high positive direct effect on grain yield per plant. They also contributed maximum variance to the total variability indicating the effectiveness of direct phenotypic selection for these traits for improving the grain yield per plant. Further, cluster analysis grouped the zinc rich rice landraces along with checks into three clusters. Cluster II had the highest genotypes (42), while Cluster I had 32 genotypes and Cluster III consisted of 30 zinc rich landraces along with three check varieties. Interpretation: Grains per panicle, productive tillers and test weight were identified as effective selection criteria for the improvement of grain yield towards development of high yielding zinc-rich rice varieties to curtail micronutrient malnutrition in areas with rice as staple food. Key words: Cluster analysis, Landraces, Oryza sativa, Path analysis, PCA, Zinc","PeriodicalId":15688,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental biology","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139304676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relevance of molecular systematics in insect pest management","authors":"C. Srivastava, S. Chakravarty","doi":"10.22438/jeb/44/6/editorial","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/6/editorial","url":null,"abstract":"Insects (Insecta, Arthropoda), undeniably represent the most triumphant group of living organisms, in terms of evolutionary achievement, existing on earth. With over one million described species, they account for more than 75 percent of all known species, and it is estimated that at least 4-5 million insect species still remain undiscovered and undescribed (Stork, 2018). They represent one of the largest components of biodiversity in the world, closely associated with human's wellbeing in different forms like pests, natural enemies, producers of economic products and facilitators of pollination. In contemporary times, despite notable progress in agricultural output and economic prosperity in many regions, the problem of food insecurity persists as a significant concern affecting substantial segments of the global population (Palli, 2022). To cater the food demand of the fast expanding global population, intensive agricultural practices like extensive use of chemical fertilizers and insecticides, greater tillage and irrigation, as well as heavy mechanization are followed. The result is frequent outbreak of phytophagous insect pests along with a rapid decline in the biodiversity of beneficial insects including natural enemies and pollinators. It is estimated that crop losses caused by insects are a major problem in both developed and developing countries, destroying 18 to 20 per cent of the annual crop production globally, having worth over US$ 470 billion (Srivastava and Chakravarty, 2021). Initially, when pesticides were used to control or prevent insect pest outbreaks, the chemicals were often applied as soon as a problem was perceived, without accurate identification of the insect's identity or discovery of why the problem had developed in the first place. This lack of understanding of the cause of outbreak meant that the same problem could reoccur. Sustainable pest management requires a more scientific approach. The first step in this direction is the correct identification of the insect species. Accurate species identification, whether of the pest or its associated natural enemy along with their biological systematic studies provide backbone information for the success of any integrated pest management programme (Chakravarty et al., 2022). Traditional systematics or taxonomy was primarily reliant on morphology-based taxon identification systems. However, the process of morphological identification poses significant challenges in numerous insect taxa, mostly attributable to the absence of dependable diagnostic traits or the presence of cryptic species complexes (Shashank et al., 2022). Moreover, due to a decrease in the number of proficient morpho-taxonomists, specifically those specializing in lesser-known insect groups, there is a need for alternate approaches to species identification. Presently, entomologists are leveraging a wide array of molecular techniques that were previously untapped, while also embracing novel technologies under th","PeriodicalId":15688,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental biology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139305987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selection and development of superior strains through functional trait-based approach in agarophytic red alga Gracilaria dura (Rhodophyta)","authors":"Copy S. Jaiswar, P. Dawange, V. A. Mantri, Jebjeb","doi":"10.22438/jeb/44/6/5150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/6/5150","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Gracilaria dura, a red agarophyte, is known for its high-quality agarose content and holds significant potential for commercial applications in aquaculture-related industries. The successful commercial utilization of seaweeds relies heavily on obtaining high-quality seed material with commercially valuable traits. Methodology: This study focuses on employing a functional trait-based approach to develop superior strains of G. dura for commercial aquaculture in India. Cultivation through an open sea farm, variations in growth, agar yield, pigments, antioxidant capacity, and primary productivity among the strains were observed. Results: The daily growth rate ranged from 0.5 to 3.5% per day, while pigment content exhibited variations in the Chlorophyll-a, R-Phycocyanin, and R-Phycoerythrin contents. Antioxidant capacity and gross primary productivity also displayed diverse ranges. From a total of 38 strains of G. dura, three were selected based on their growth and other functional traits, namely ADI0221201, VER0220090, and ADI0221202. Positive correlations were identified between growth and regeneration, as well as growth and Chl-a. Agar content showed a positive association with antioxidant capacity and productivity. 1H NMR analysis identified 12 metabolites as potential biomarkers for G. dura growth. Interpretation: All three selected strains hold promise for future commercial cultivation of Gracilaria dura. Furthermore, six additional strains were selected based on their higher growth and agar yield for targeted breeding and hybridization to enhance desirable traits. Key words: Agarophyte, Aquaculture, Functional traits, Growth, Gracilaria dura, Strain selection","PeriodicalId":15688,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental biology","volume":"2012 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139298346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generation Mean Analysis for quantitative traits in the population of AKDRMS 21-54 x YH3 cross of rice (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"M. K. Duppala, T. Srinivas, Y. Suneetha, G. Suresh","doi":"10.22438/jeb/44/6/5111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/6/5111","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To study the genetic components of inheritance for 12 quantitative traits which leads into genetic improvement by identification of gene actions for yield and yield related traits. Methodology: Twelve quantitative traits for yield and yield attributing traits were studied at Agricultural College, Bapatla during Rabi 2021-22 deploying Hayman's five parameter model generation mean analysis in estimating the gene effects in the population (P1, P2, F1, F2 and F3) generated from the cross AKDRMS 21-54 x YH3. Estimated mean effects affirm the existence of significant variation in the traits studied. Significance of either one or both, scales C or D inferred the existence of epistatic interaction for the traits studied. Digenic non-allelic interaction model explained the gene action of the traits studied in the present investigation. Results: The generation mean for all the traits showed the importance of both additive and dominance type of gene effects. Among the epistatic gene effects, the additive x additive gene interaction was reported predominant for shoot length, plant height, flag leaf length, spikelet fertility and flag test weight. The gene interaction is associated with homozygosity, therefore, pedigree method of breeding may be adopted for isolation of desirable lines, while for all other traits, along with grain yield per plant, dominance x dominance gene interaction was found to be pre-dominant. The gene interaction is not fixable, hence, population improvement approaches, would be effective. Interpretation: Dominance x dominance gene interaction was predominant for grain yield per plant and majority of yield component traits studied coupled with duplicate epistasis, infers to takeup population improvement approaches, such as bi-parental mating and recurrent selection, followed by isolation of purelines in later generations for competent improvement. Key words: Epistasis, Five parameter model, Generation Mean Analysis, Quantitative traits, Rice","PeriodicalId":15688,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental biology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139304032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"http://jeb.co.in./journal_issues/202311_nov23/paper_12.pdf","authors":"P. Nag, H. Rai, D. K. Upreti, R.K. Gupta","doi":"10.22438/jeb/44/6/5142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/6/5142","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of this research was to identify a suitable lichen species as a bio-indicator for heavy metals in the Himalayan habitats. Methodology: The study was conducted in a sacred grove located in Western Nepal. The grove was situated alongside the busy Mahakali National highway. Lichen samples were collected from different areas of the grove, ranging from the edge adjacent to the highway to the center. Standard protocols were employed to identify the collected lichen species. The heavy metal content in the samples were analyzed by subjecting them to acid digestion followed by AAS estimation. Results: Three lichen species were discovered: Bulbothrix meizospora, Parmotrema tinctorum, and Pyxine berteriana. Pyxine berteriana was collected near the highway, while Bulbothrix meizospora and Parmotrema tinctorum were collected away from it. The heavy metal bioaccumulation pattern observed was as follows: Fe>Al>Mg>Zn>Cu>Pb>Mn>Ni>Cd>Cr. Notably, Pyxine berteriana exhibited the highest metal concentrations among the three species. Interpretation: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the Physcioid lichen Pyxine berteriana is the most resilient species in the region and can serve as an appropriate bio-indicator for studying the deposition of heavy metals in the ambient air. Key words: Physcioid lichens, Pyxine berteriana, Parmotrema tinctorum, Lichens, Sacred Grove","PeriodicalId":15688,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental biology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139293491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative studies on ber genotypes under arid conditions of Western Maharashtra","authors":"S. Kamble, V.R. Joshi, S.S. Kulkarni, A. Wanave, R. Kumar","doi":"10.22438/jeb/44/5/mrn-5010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/5/mrn-5010","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To determine the nature and magnitude of variation among ber genotypes for different morphological and biochemical characters; and to identify the potential genotypes with promising attributes under arid conditions of Western Maharashtra. Methodology: The observations on metric traits were recorded following the standard procedures. The genetic divergence among the 28 ber genotypes was estimated by Principal Component Analysis and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA). Results: The genotype S211 had performed better in terms of fruit weight and estimated the heaviest fruit (22.58 g). The maximum fruit length (4.3 cm) was determined in the genotype Mundia, while the genotype Seo had the maximum fruit diameter (3.60 cm). Genotypes Katha (6.8 kg), S211 (6.7 kg), Dandan (6.4 kg) and Betawadi (6.1 kg) were found superior for yield than the remaining genotypes. In terms of fruit quality, Senure No.3 contained maximum TSS content (21.70 ºBrix) whereas Mundia witnessed minimum titratable acidity (0.19%) and Safeda Rohtaki had the highest acidity percentage (0.87%). Interpretation: PCA revealed Nazuk, Bagwadi, Banarasi Pebandi, and Senure No.3 to be superior ber genotypes that outperformed PC1 and PC2 based on the quality of representation of these genotypes on the factor map. Key words: Arid zone, Ber genotypes, Genetic divergence, Ziziphus species","PeriodicalId":15688,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46443251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}