Journal of environmental biology最新文献

{"title":"Optimization of cold active amylase production by mesophilic Bacillus cereus RGUJS2023 under submerged fermentation","authors":"A. Samanta, S.C. Jana","doi":"10.22438/jeb/45/1/mrn-5167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/45/1/mrn-5167","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To produce the highest amount of cold-active alpha-amylase within a short time using mesophilic bacteria with optimized media to save the energy consumption cost and obtain higher enzyme production. Methodology: Amylase producing twenty-three strains were isolated on starch peptone agar plates. Among them, one strain, A5 was selected on the basis of highest clear (12 mm) zone on starch peptone agar plates. It was characterized and identified following Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Enzyme was characterized as Cold alpha amylase. All physico-chemical parameters (temperature, pH, Inoculum size) including carbon, nitrogen, metal ion and amino acid sources were optimized for maximum production of the enzyme. The optimized media was used for enhancing the cold active amylase production. Results: The strain, A5 was identified as Bacillus cereus RGUJS2023 by 16S rRNA sequencing analysis for further experiments. This strain showed the highest activity (9.922± 0.143 U ml-1) on the basal starch peptone media. Though, crude enzyme showed its activity at 4°C to 48°C temperature, but the temperature was 28°C. The highest cold active enzyme was produced (18.87±0.06 U ml-1) at 16 hr of bacterial growth at 35 °C with a pH 6.5 in the optimized media containing 0.5% starch, 0.1% peptone and 0.03% MgSO4.7H2O as a carbon, nitrogen and metal ion sources, respectively, with addition of 0.03% arginine. Interpretation: The cold active alpha amylase could be used commercially for the benefit of pharmaceutical and starch processing industries. Key words: Bacillus cereus RGUJS2023, Cold-active amylase, Starch hydrolysis","PeriodicalId":15688,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental biology","volume":"61 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139452535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of bacterial endosymbionts in rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) populations of North India","authors":"P. Kaundal, K. G. Padwal, S. Premkumari, S. Chakravarty, C.P. Srivastava","doi":"10.22438/jeb/45/1/mrn-5183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/45/1/mrn-5183","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The present study was undertaken to screen the most commonly occurring endosymbionts in S. oryzae populations from varied geographical regions of North India. Methodology: The six most common endosymbionts (Wolbachia, Arsenophonus, Spiroplasma, Rickettsia, Cardinium and Hamiltonella) were screened in 15 different populations of S. oryzae, representing five different agro-climatic zones of India. For this, the samples of S. oryzae were collected and identified using taxonomic keys and through PCR amplification of the COI gene followed by Sanger sequencing and comparison of obtained sequences with the NCBI database. Thereafter, the screening of endosymbionts was performed using 16S rRNA gene-specific primers for the respective endosymbionts. Results: The results showed the presence of Wolbachia and Spiroplasma in all 15 populations with infection rates of 100 and 85 per cent, respectively. Arsenophonus was detected in only 12 populations with 60 per cent infection rate. Concurrent infections of Wolbachia, Arsenophonus and Spiroplasma within the same individuals of S. oryzae were also detected. However, no infections of Cardinium, Rickettsia and Hamiltonella were found. Interpretation: Thus, it can be inferred that Wolbachia, Spiroplasma and Arsenophonus are the most common endosymbionts which can be exploited for the development of better management strategies against S. oryzae. Key words: 16S rRNA, Co-infection, Endosymbionts, Rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae","PeriodicalId":15688,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental biology","volume":"15 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139452778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cigarette smoking and urinary bladder cancer: The danger alarm is screaming!","authors":"D. Dalela","doi":"10.22438/jeb/45/1/ed-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/45/1/ed-1","url":null,"abstract":"The cancer of urinary bladder is a very common cause of cancer related mortality all over the world and approximately more than half patients suffering from bladder cancer had been smokers. In addition to this, in such patients the cancer is more intense, higher in grade and stage and does not respond well to chemotherapy (Jin et al., 2017). Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for respiratory and extra respiratory cancers in human body. While the oral and lung cancer result on account of direct contact with the tobacco products, the urinary bladder mucus membrane is exposed to a number of metabolites of tobacco products and if this exposure is sustained for a longer duration, a deadly cancer results (Omare et al., 2022). Over 7000 chemical compounds have been found in tobacco smoke and more than 50 of these have been a labelled as carcinogenic. When tobacco burns, it releases carbon monoxide, benzene, formaldehyde and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), hydrogen, cyanide, nitrosamine, etc. Recent studies have shown that the bladder cancer patients who have been smoker have been found to have altered metabolanomics of urinary bladder epithelium in variety of ways. Firstly, some metabolites of tobacco create hyper methylation while many types of nitrosamines and nicotine metabolites create genotoxicity resulting in DNA damage, DNA adducts, mutations and ultimately carcinogenesis (Jin et al., 2017; Fuller et al., 2028; Suzuki et al., 2020). Some years ago, an impression was created that if one uses electronic cigarettes, the incidence of urinary bladder cancer can be lowered, but recent studies have refuted that (Fuller et al., 2028). Although tobacco industry is exploring to create less toxic types of tobacco, but the danger of high grade, urinary bladder cancer is still looming large on humanity (Stephen and Hatsukami, 2022) and therefore, one must respond to this alarm. The temptation to adopt smoking is increasing in younger population in developing countries and therefore not only a greater emphasis on laboratory and clinical research is needed but also a wide spread campaign on social media to warn people about the association of cigarette smoking and bladder cancer are the need of hour. Tobacco addiction in various forms is not confined to a particular group, strata, or gender. Every year, ‘World No Tobacco Day” is celebrated on May 31st to draw attention to the adverse effects of tobacco consumption. Despite being labeled as a potent carcinogen and the health risks associated with it, people find it difficult to get out of tobacco addiction. Similarly, there are numerous other toxic substances used daily that are directly linked to health issues like allergies, infertility, birth defects, learning disabilities, different types of cancers, and several more. Across the world, extensive research is being conducted on Environmental Health Toxicology to assess the adverse effects of various chemicals on human health. Journal of Environme","PeriodicalId":15688,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental biology","volume":"46 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139390573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agro-advisory services for increasing production, profit under climate change scenario in old alluvial zone of West Bengal","authors":"S. Saha, S. Sutradhar, J. Karforma, S. Mondal, A. Rai, S. Bandyopadhyay, A. Choudhury","doi":"10.22438/jeb/45/1/mrn-5128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/45/1/mrn-5128","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To increase the net income of farmers by reducing losses caused by extreme weather events and reducing the cost of cultivation using weather advisory and to popular the Agro-advisory service at the block level. Methodology: Data was collected from the selected farmers by interview schedule, and the Weather forecast data was obtained from the Regional Meteorological Centre Kolkata, India Meteorological Department, Alipore biweekly i.e., every Tuesday and Friday. Results: The results showed that the farmers who followed the weather based advisory were able to reduce the cultivation cost like irrigation cost, fertilizer cost, plant protection chemicals etc., than non-users of advisory in Rice and Brinjal crops. Farmers saved Rs. 1940 and Rs. 2444 per ha for rice cultivation and saved Rs. 6685 and Rs. 6688 per ha for brinjal cultivation in a single season by following advisories. Interpretation: The studies showed that the application of advisory bulletin based on realized and forecasting of weather parameter is a useful tool for increasing the production and profit. The farming community who are utilizing the agro-advisory bulletin for agricultural practices, reduce the cost cultivation and increase the yield as well as profit. Key words: Agro-advisory services, Climate change, Economic benefit, Weather forcast","PeriodicalId":15688,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental biology","volume":"111 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139391600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decomposition and nutrient release pattern of three potential leguminous green manure crops of Mizoram","authors":"J. Jopir, K. Upadhyaya, P. Lalremsang","doi":"10.22438/jeb/45/1/mrn-5163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/45/1/mrn-5163","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The experiment was carried out to understand the decomposition and nutrient release dynamics (N, P and K) of Crotolaria micans Link, Aeschynomene indica L. and Calopogonium mucunoides Desv. using the litter bag technique. Methodology: The species were harvested at their peak vegetative stage and air-dried for a week. Air-dried samples (10 g) were placed in 20 cm X 20 cm nylon mesh bags and buried at 10 cm soil depth in an experimental plot of 1.5 m X 1.5 m prepared for each species. The bags were retrieved monthly, and the mass and nutrient loss were determined. Results: C. micans had the highest decay rate (7.67 k per year), followed by C. mucunoides (7.15 k per year) and A. indica (5.50 k per year). During the decomposition period, K release was the fastest. The decay rate was negatively correlated with initial lignin, total phenol and lignin/N of which the total phenol (R2 = 0.956) and lignin/N ratio (R2 = 0.832) had the most significant influence on decomposition. Interpretation: The study reveals that the species can be effectively utilized as a soil nutrient input source of which C. micans seems to be the most potential species to be further researched and developed as a green manuring crop. Key words: Decomposition, Decay rate, Green manure, Legume, Nutrient release","PeriodicalId":15688,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental biology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139452298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A machine learning based approach for prediction and interpretation of soil properties from soil spectral data","authors":"A. Divya, R. Josphineleela, L. Jaba Sheela","doi":"10.22438/jeb/45/1/mrn-5134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/45/1/mrn-5134","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: An active agricultural sector depends on good soil quality, essential for sustained food cultivation. However, intensive farming and rising demand can lead to soil deterioration, affecting crop yields. Smart soil prediction driven by machine learning is crucial for precision farming and efficient nutrient distribution. Methodology: Visible-near infrared Spectroscopy (vis-NIRS) is used to capture the soil's spectral data.Then, the spectral data is preprocessed with Savitzky-Golay Smoothing.The data that has been preprocessed is then used to train the machine learning model.The preprocessed data enhances model performance compared to spectral reflectance data in its unprocessed state.The machine learning model acquires data-based knowledge, identifies patterns, and predicts soil quality parameters. The Random Forest and Gradient Boosted Regression Tree are two algorithms employed in this study. Results: The spectral reflectance data is used to train, validate, and evaluate the machine learning model.In determining soil properties, both algorithms demonstrated a high degree of prediction accuracy, as demonstrated by the results.Gradient Boosted Regression Tree out performs Random Forest, but is expensive and requires sequential data. Random forest algorithm works well with large datasets, but over-fitting issues arise in some instances. Interpretation: The findings of the study indicate that machine learning can automate the current soil testing procedure in laboratories, thereby making it more efficient, affordable, and environmentally friendly. Key words: Gradient Boosted Regression Tree, Machine learning, Random forest, Soil fertility, Soil moisture","PeriodicalId":15688,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental biology","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139452826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano-curcumin ameliorates arsenic induced hepatotoxicity in female rats","authors":"L.M. Vashistha, M. Singh, Y. Verma, S. Sarhan Rana","doi":"10.22438/jeb/44/6/5138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/6/5138","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To determine the protective effects of curcumin and nanocurcumin against arsenic-induced hepatotoxicity in female rats, using liver function tests and oxidative stress parameters. Methodology: Arsenic trioxide (4 mg kg-1 b.wt.), curcumin and nano curcumin (50 mg kg-1 b.wt.) were administered to healthy rats as a chronic treatment for 60 days through gavage. The liver tissue samples of exposed rats were examined for histopathological alterations, liver function tests viz. alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), bilirubin (BIL) and a lipid peroxidation product-malonaldehyde (MDA). Results: Treatments with both forms of curcumin could significantly (p 0<0.05) improve liver function as indicated by serum enzyme biomarkers viz. AST, ALT, ALP and LDH. Hyper-bilirubinemia was also diminished. Fibro-proliferation caused by arsenic in the liver was also controlled by curcumin (s). Histopathological observations of liver showed significant improvement in its morphology post treatments. Interpretation: Present results suggest that curcumin and nanocurcumin both express hepatoprotective effects in arsenic treated rats. However, nanocurcumin was found to offer better protection than curcumin. Key words: Arseniasis, Fibrosis, Lipid peroxidation, Liver function, Nanocurcumin","PeriodicalId":15688,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental biology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139291191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying pollution scavenging potential of perennial plants growing in Maitreyi College Campus, University of Delhi","authors":"A. Sehrawat, P. Baweja, H. Chopra, P.B. Gandhi, P. Sharma, S. Suman, V. Dahiya, N. Poddar, M. Pal","doi":"10.22438/jeb/44/6/5151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/6/5151","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) represents the potential of a plant to combat air pollution. In the present study, APTI value of 77 perennials growing in the Maitreyi College Campus, New Delhi was calculated, and these plants were classified into tolerant and sensitive species. Methodology: APTI was calculated by assessing four physiological and biochemical parameters, pH, Relative Water Content (RWC), Total Chlorophyll (TCh), and Ascorbic Acid (AA). Results: The highest APTI was observed in Musa sp. (10.52) indicating it to be the most tolerant, while the lowest in Aegle marmelos (1.93), showing it to be the most sensitive for pollution. Results showed Musa sp., Salmelia sp., Terminalia arjuna, Murraya exotica, Hamelia patens, Ravenala madagascariensis, Ficus racemosa, Cascabela thevetia, Eugenia uniflora, Nyctanthes arbortristis to have good potential in reducing air pollution in a sustainable manner. Species such as Aegle marmelos, Plumeria rubra, Dracaena, Carissa carandas, Eucalyptus sp. were sensitive to air pollution. Interpretation: Analysis of results suggested the importance of APTI analysis in a campus for cataloging the pollution tolerant and sensitive plants. The pollution tolerant plants could be used for the green belt formation, while plants, which are sensitive to pollution can be used as an indicator of pollution. Moreover, mapping and compilation of information of trees (deciduous and evergreen) and shrubs growing in the campus helped in documenting the rich flora of the campus with pollution tolerance potential. Key words: Air Pollution, Air Pollution Tolerance Index, Air quality, Trees","PeriodicalId":15688,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental biology","volume":"287 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139296578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TilhanTec-SUNH-1 (IIOSH-15-20): A new high seed and oil yielding and downy mildew resistant sunflower hybrid suitable for rainfed condition of India","authors":"H. .. Meena, M. Sujatha, Mangesh Y. Dudhe, P. Yadav, P.S. Srinivas, P. Madhuri, M. Ghodke","doi":"10.22438/jeb/44/6/4079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/6/4079","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To develop more heterotic hybrids for seed and oil yield coupled with resistant or tolerant to major disease (downy mildew) and insect pests (leafhoppers) for commercial cultivation in rainfed conditions and DNA profiling of the newly developed hybrid (TilhanTec-SUNH-1) along with 2 female lines, 4 male lines and 3 hybrids using sunflower specific simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Methodology: Two parentages (ARM-243A and RGP-100) were utilized for the development of a new promising sunflower hybrid, TilhanTec-SUNH-1 (IIOSH-15-20). Performance of entry was assessed at 29 and 14 locations, respectively, during the kharif and rabi seasons over three years through All India Coordinated Trials (IHT, AHT-I & II) and a state multilocation trial at three locations. A total of nine quantitative observations were recorded. A total of 80 SSR primers were used on the 4 hybrids for DNA fingerprinting. Results: Considerable seed yield superiority (28.7% and 10.5%) was observed in AICRP trials over DRSH-1 and KBSH-44, respectively. Oil yield superiority was 27.1% and 27.3% compared to national checks DRSH-1 and KBSH-44. TilhanTec-SUNH-1 was found resistant (0%) to downy mildew and leafhoppers (1.1 grade) while tolerant to Alternariaster leaf spot. Four SSR markers, viz., ORS-57, ORS-203, ORS-1028 and ORS-598 can be confidently used for the identification of TilhanTec-SUNH-1 as well as for genetic purity tests. Interpretation: The results of this investigation revealed that TilhanTec-SUNH-1 is superior in terms of seed and oil yield and resistance to downy mildew and moderately resistant to leafhoppers and tolerant to Alternariaster leaf spot. It is notified and released by CVRC for commercial cultivation in rainfed conditions of the sunflower growing states of India. Key words: Downy mildew, Heterosis breeding, Molecular markers, Oil yield, Seed yield","PeriodicalId":15688,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental biology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139297520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Desulfurization of coal using heterogeneous microbial species isolated from acid mine drainage, Talabira Coal Mines, Sambalpur, Odisha","authors":"S.N. Ahmed, N.J. Ikka, I. Baitharu","doi":"10.22438/jeb/44/6/5131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/6/5131","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The present study aims to assess the coal desulfurizing efficiency of heterogenous microbial consortia isolated from drainage water of Talabira Coal Mines, Sambalpur, Odisha. Methodology: Microbial species in the mine drainage water were isolated and cultured using 9K+ medium. Identification of microbial species was performed by the amplification of 16S rDNA. The heterogeneous microbial consortia were incubated with pulverized coal to assess their desulphurizing efficiency. Results: The proximate analysis of the coal sample revealed 34.92% fixed carbon, 9.01% moisture, 33.38% ash and 25.44% volatile matter. After incubation of the pulverized coal with isolated and cultured heterogeneous microbial species from MDW water of Talabira coal mines area, Odisha for 24 days in aerobic condition, the total sulphur content was reduced from 2.86% to 1.61%, while significant removal of pyritic Sulphur (48%) was obtained from 1.72% to 0.91%. However, no remarkable reduction was seen in the case of organic Sulphur. Interpretation: The results showed that drainage water of Talabira Mines inhabits numerous potential desulfurizing bacterial species that need further isolation, characterization, and process optimization to achieve optimal sulphur removal efficiency. Key words: Autotrophic bacteria, Coal, Microbial desulfurization","PeriodicalId":15688,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental biology","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139294573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}