Comparative Analysis: Larvicidal efficacy of traditional Saudi Arabian herbs and boric acid against Aedes aegypti larvae, the Dengue fever vector

Abstract

Aim: This study evaluates the larvicidal properties of traditional Saudi Arabian herbs compared to Boric acid against the Aedes aegypti larval stage. Methodology: An evaluation of the larvicidal activity of eight plant extracts, as well as Boric acid, was conducted with Ae. aegypti larvae in the 3rd and 4th larval stages. Through stereo-dissecting microscope, morphological and death defects in larvae treated with Boric acid were documented. Results: The results showed that the mortality rates ranged from 59.3 to 98.3% at 30% concentration. Particularly noteworthy were Boric acid, M. chamomilla, and C. zeylanicum, demonstrating mortality rates of 100 to 89%, falling within the highly effective category. E. cardamomum, C. arabica, and A. sativum exhibited moderate efficacy (88 to 70%) whereas C. sinensis, P. nigrum and I. paraguariensis manifested relatively lower effectiveness (50 to 69%). Significantly, Boric acid showcased remarkable potency, inducing mortality rates of 28.3% even at an infinitesimal concentration of 1 ppm, accompanied by distinct malformation effects on treated larvae. These findings underscore the unparalleled larvicidal prowess of Boric acid, positioning it as a paramount choice for integrated mosquito control strategies. Interpretation: Furthermore, Boric acid accessibility, cost-effectiveness, and minimal impact on ecological systems and human health make it a compelling solution for mitigating Ae. aegypti populations, thereby fortifying our arsenal against mosquito-borne diseases. Key words: Aedes aegypti, Biological control, Boric acid, Plant extract