Journal of environmental biology最新文献

{"title":"Comparison study on low-density polyethylene film biodegradation potential of Achoria grisella and Galleria mellonella larvae","authors":"N. Kapahi, L. Marwaha, M. Kaur, G. Bawa","doi":"10.22438/jeb/44/5/mrn-5126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/5/mrn-5126","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The current research investigates biodegradation of Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) facilitated with and without gut microbiota in Galleria mellonella and Achoria grisella. Methodology: A batch of 50 larvae of Galleria mellonella and Achoria grisella administered with antibiotics (A group) along with larvae not fed with antibiotics (WA group) were exposed to LDPE film. After biodegradation, the weight loss of degraded LDPE film, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric Analysis, and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy analysis were performed to confirm the plastic biodegradation potential of selected insects. Results: In a and WA groups, the post-biodegradation for a selected species of wax moth exhibited weight loss of 2.763%, 0.789%, 5.403% and 1.481%, respectively. The SEM images revealed that both A and WA groups were capable of LDPE film disintegration. The FTIR of biodegraded film confirmed the deterioration of LDPE by indicating a change in the typical peaks of C−H and H−C−H bonds that points out the biodegradation of polyethylene.Further, the thermogravimetric analysis showed a substantial mass loss in the LDPE flakes consumed by the insects, demonstrating a decline in the thermal stabilities of disintegrated polymers. GC-MS of frass validated the presence of many component groups, including alkanes, alcohols, esters, ethers and acids, which confirmed the biodegradation of LDPE. Interpretation: Wax worms possess the capacity to biodegrade LDPE, independent of gut microbiota Key words: Achoria grisella, Antibiotic, Galleria mellonella, Low-density polyethylene","PeriodicalId":15688,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46970037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Litter dynamics of forest ecosystem in an urban and pristine area of West Bengal, India","authors":"R. Banerjee, S. Gangopadhyay, S. Batabyal, N. Das, H. Ray, S. Mandal","doi":"10.22438/jeb/44/5/mrn-5132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/5/mrn-5132","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: A comparative assessment of forest litterfall dynamics was carried out between the Garadaha forest (GF or urban) and the Pratappur forest (PF or pristine), located in Burdwan districts of West Bengal, and the litterfall components were correlated with the environmental factors that govern the dynamics. Methodology: Nets of dimension 1m × 1m were placed below the tress of both forests and litter was collected at regular intervals per month and brought to the laboratory for separation into the categories like leaf litter, woody litter (bark), miscellaneous (mixed) and twig. Two types of litterfall such as specific litterfall and standing litterfall were calculated. Environmental factors such as maximum and minimum temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, wind speed, solar irradiance, and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) were studied simultaneously followed by correlation and Principal Component Analysis. Results: Pre-monsoon showed the highest total litterfall (specific litterfall and standing litterfall) in both types of forests. The decomposition quotient was higher in the pristine forest than in the urban forest. The correlation between litterfall components and environmental factors showed that solar irradiance was positively correlated with litterfall dynamics. Interpretation: The work emphasizes the forest management of urban areas impacted by industrialization and urbanization. The anthropogenic causes influence the plant growth and litterfall pattern thereby affecting the decomposition process and soil health. The selection of proper tree species should be given priority for social forestry in industrialized zones of India. Key words: Litter decomposition, Seasonal pattern, Solar irradiance, Standing litter, Temperature","PeriodicalId":15688,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46567798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A critical review on occurrence, distribution, environmental impacts and biodegradation of microplastics","authors":"G.P. Avinash, S. Karthick Raja Namasivayam, R. S. Arvind Bharani","doi":"10.22438/jeb/44/5/mrn-5099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/5/mrn-5099","url":null,"abstract":"Microplastics are small plastic particles (<5mm) linked by hydrocarbon atoms. Microplastics are of two types: primary microplastics, which are inadvertently released into the ecosystem as microbeads, plastic pellets and plastic fibres and secondary microplastics, derived from primary microplastics, when macroplastics get decomposed in the presence of UV light or weathering. Sources of contamination by microplastics can be classified as Terrestrial sources and Aquatic Sources. Microplastics are widespread in diverse ecosystems and are spread in different parts of the world, like India, China, Brazil and Malaysia. Recent studies have revealed the toxic effects of microplastics on various biotic and abiotic components. Microplastics can be completely removed from the soil by microbial biodegradation, most preferably bacteria, actinobacteria and fungi. Bacteria, the recurring group of microbes, can degrade pollutants. Actinobacteria, a commonly occurring Gram-positive bacterium, degrade polymer accumulation. Followed by bacteria, fungi are a major group of microorganisms known to degrade microplastics. The current review deals with the type of plastics, their sources, distribution, environmental impacts and degradation using biological methods, preferably microbes, which would further help in understanding the microplastic-mediated adverse effects' molecular mechanism and their removal from the environment using Green Technology. Key words: Biodegradation, Microbes, Microplastics, Toxicity","PeriodicalId":15688,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43015273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of cropping sequences on soil suppressive/conduciveness against Sclerotium rolfsii in different agro-climatic zones of West Bengal, India","authors":"K. Sen, S. Dutta, S. Halder, B. Pati, S. Goldar, S. Patar, D. Bharati, R. Patsa, A.K. Ghorai, K. Sarker, R. Kumar, K. Ray, T.R. Borah, S.K. Ray, A.R. Barman","doi":"10.22438/jeb/44/5/mrn-5075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/5/mrn-5075","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To study the influence of different cropping sequences (CSs) on soil suppressive or conduciveness towards Sclerotium rolfsii in different agro-climatic zones (ACZs) of West Bengal, India. Methodology: Farmer’s field surveys were conducted to explore the suppressive activity of various crop rhizosphere during each winter, October to January (2016-2019). The survey was done in 14 districts of five ACZs in West Bengal (India), and the total surveyed sample size was 511. The S. rolfsii disease incidence (DI%) data of Rabi crop in surveyed areas and sclerotial population, soil suppressive index, FDA hydrolysis, dehydrogenase activity and culturable microbial assay were performed. Results: In this data set (n=511), the foremost soils belonged to no suppressive category (74.47%), followed by slight suppressive category (20.74%). Negligible number of soils belonged to moderate (0.39%) and strong suppressive (0.39%) category. The population of Pseudomonads was higher in both strong and moderate suppressive soil rather than slight and no suppressive soils. Culturable population of soil Pseudomonads, Bacillus and Actinomycetes varied in five different ACZs. Interpretation: Paddy-brassica vegetables, paddy-maize and paddy-cucurbits vegetable-based CSs exhibited relatively high soil uppressiveness whereas paddy-legumes, jute-paddy-legume vegetables and pulses based CSs showed high soil conduciveness towards S. rolfsii. Soil microbial influences on crop rhizosphere along with “crop rotation effect” was the key reason for the disease suppressive activity. Key words: Agro-climatic zones, Crop rotation, FDA hydrolysis, Rhizosphere, S. rolfsii, Suppressive soil","PeriodicalId":15688,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49016602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomic screening for therapeutic potential in Mimela sp., an edible insect of the Arunachal Pradesh region","authors":"S. Tukshipa, N. Muni, mr. Prveen, J. Chakravorty","doi":"10.22438/jeb/44/5/mrn-5118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/5/mrn-5118","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Mimela sp. a small coleopteran beetle is rich in proteins, essential amino acids, fatty acids, some vitamins and minerals. It contains nutritional and therapeutic values. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the bioactive compounds of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Mimela sp. to understand its pharmacological/therapeutic importance. Methodology: The biologically active metabolites were analysed using Agilent Quadrupole time of flight mass analyser (Q-TOF-MS). Chromatographic separations were performed using 5 ul of aqueous and ethanolic sample injected onto an Agilent ultra high performance liquid chromatography system. Elution was carried out using solvent A (0.1% Formic acid in water) and solvent B (90% Acetonitrile +10% H2O+ 0.1% Formic acid) at a flow rate of 300 ul min-1 for 30 min. Results: Analysis of both aqueous and ethanol extracts of Mimela sp. showed the presence of important chemical compounds like alpha amino acids (L-Ornithine, (R)-(+)-2-Pyrrolidone-5-Carboxylic acid), monoesters (Ethyl hydrogen sulphate, Carboxylic acid (Benzoic acid), monoterpenoids (Linaylphenylacetate), Cyclic polyols (D-Pinitol), phenols (Vanillic acid, Phyllohydroquinone) and polyphenols (Gentisic acid), which have immunological, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antiviral properties. Interpretation: Mimela sp. contain appreciable number. of bioactive compounds which can be further isolated and developed as drugs for modern medicines. Key words: Bio-active, Efficacy, Mimela sp., Secondary metabolite, Therapeutic","PeriodicalId":15688,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49109696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classifying chemicals into toxicity categories based on LC50 values- Pros and cons","authors":"K. S. Pillai","doi":"10.22438/jeb/44/5/editorial","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/5/editorial","url":null,"abstract":"It is a usual practice to determine LC50 value in acute toxicity studies conducted in aquatic organisms as an initial step to assess the toxicity of chemicals. In regulatory toxicity studies, normally conducted in GLP (Good Laboratory Practice) certified facilities, acute toxicity of chemicals is evaluated in fish, crustacea, and or alga following the methods given in OECD Guidelines. The chemicals are classified into different toxicity categories based on the LC50/EC50 determined from the acute toxicity studies. For calculating LC50 in acute toxicity tests, the methods given in the OECD (2019) Guidelines are Probit or Logit Analysis (Litchfield & Wilcoxon method and Probit Analysis), Spearman-Karber method, the binomial method, the moving average method, and the graphical method. LC50 is the concentration of a substance that causes 50 % mortality in a batch of test organisms (eg. fish). In acute toxicity studies with laboratory animals like rats, mice, rabbits, etc, instead of LC50, the terminology LD50 is used. The procedure for the calculation of both LC50 and LD50 is same. In this article, LC50 and LD50 are written interchangeably. It means if 100 fish are exposed to LC50, theoretically 50 fish would die. In fact, the inventor of LC50 (Trevan, 1927) defined LC50 as the median lethal concentration. Like any other median value, the LC50 is not affected by extreme values of either side. Unfortunately, Trevan was ruthlessly misquoted by the animal ethicists, as they believed that he was responsible for killing millions of animals for determining the median lethal concentration. According to Rowan (1983), the median lethal concentration in animals varies considerably among the species and is affected by environmental factors. Trevan proposed median lethal concentration (LD50) in frogs and rodents for biological standardization of digitalis extract, insulin, and diphtheria toxin when he was working at Wellcome Research Labs, Beckenham (Pillai et al., 2021a). Trevan never promoted sacrificing more animals to determine median lethal concentration. He was aware of the fact that the determination of median lethal concentration is affected by several factors. The 'characteristic' of a dose-response curve proposed by Trevan is species and test substance-specific. However, after Trevan, LD50s were determined in acute toxicity studies to evaluate the effect of a substance, not for the biological standardization of drugs. His intention was to establish a numerical quality control standard to assess batch-to-batch variation, if any, of the therapeutic products of the Wellcome Research Labs. Based on the LC50/EC50 values determined in aquatic toxicity studies, the chemicals are classified into a hazard category. For example, according to United Nations Global Harmonized System (GHS), if the 96 LC50 of a chemical to fish is ≤ 1 mg l-1 , this chemical is classified into hazard category I (GHS, 2019).Though several methods are prescribed in OECD (2019) Guideline","PeriodicalId":15688,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47357381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-silico molecular docking study to investigate the disinfection performance of barium ferrate towards Vibrio species isolated from aquaculture wastewater","authors":"Miss Manisha, A.S. Dadhich, A. Sen","doi":"10.22438/jeb/44/5/mrn-4052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/5/mrn-4052","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the disinfection performance of barium ferrate towards Vibrio species isolated from aquaculture wastewater and comparison with potassium ferrate via molecular docking study. Methodology: The experiments were conducted on Vibrio species isolated from aquaculture wastewater. The barium ferrate dose as Fe(VI) for the treatment ranged from 3.68 to 22.08 mg l-1, respectively. The contact time for the experiment varied from 10 to 60 min. The disinfection performance was calculated by the plate count method. The experimental study was also modeled with density functional theory (DFT) studies. Results: Barium ferrate showed effective disinfection against Vibrio species. A dose of 18.4 mg l-1 Fe(VI) was sufficient for complete disinfection of Vibrio species in 50 min. The initial plate count of 33000 per 100 ml was determined by the CFU method decreased to 0 per 100 ml. The docking study revealed that the binding energy for the interaction of barium ferrate with the Vibrio cholera bacterial protein was-49.71 kcal mol-1. Interpretation: Barium ferrate, a green chemical, thoroughly disinfects Vibrio species without producing harmful by-products, making barium ferrate a suitable disinfectant for aquaculture wastewater treatment. Key words: Barium ferrate, Density Functional Theory, Molecular docking, Vibrio species, Wastewater disinfectant.","PeriodicalId":15688,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental biology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68531982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Length-weight relationship of six freshwater fish species from Wular Lake - A Ramsar site in Kashmir Himalaya, India","authors":"S.T. Mushtaq, M. Balkhi, F. A. Bhat, T. Shah, S. Mushtaq, S. Qadri, I. Farooq, A. Rehman","doi":"10.22438/jeb/44/5/mrn-5136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/5/mrn-5136","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study was undertaken to understand the length weight relation of six freshwater fish species from Wular Lake. Methodology: A total of 303 specimen belonging to two families (Cyprinidae and Nemacheilidae) and four genera (Schizothorax, Triplophysa, Crossocheilus, Puntius) from Wular Lake were collected from five different sites with the help of local skilled fishermen using cast nets and traditional nets. Total length and weight were measured to the closest 0.1 mm and 0.01 g employing a digital caliper and weighing balance, respectively. Results: The values of the exponent b in length-weight relationship was recorded as 2.05 for Triplophysa marmorata, 0.31 for Crossocheilus diplochilus, 0.12 for Pethia conchonius, 4.14 for Schizothorax niger, 2.58 for Schizothorax esocinus and 4.93 for Schizothorax curvifrons respectively. These results provide the primary basic information on length-weight parameters of these commercially important fish species from Wular Lake. Interpretation: Length-weight relationship can form a baseline data that can be further employed to study the growth pattern of fish species in the lake. This would help in the development of a strategy for conservation of natural stocks of these endemic fish species in Wular Lake. Key words: Ecological, Freshwater, Ramsar, Schizothorax, Wular Lake","PeriodicalId":15688,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44862470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biology of the epigeic earthworm, Eisenia fetida in different organic wastes","authors":"A. Shetty, P. M. Biradar","doi":"10.22438/jeb/44/5/mrn-5133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/5/mrn-5133","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: A study was undertaken to know the influence of different organic wastes on the biology of the epigeic earthworm, Eisenia fetida. Methodology: Epigeic earthworm, Eisenia fetida was selected and collected. Organic wastes (Corn stover, Delonix regia and Eichhornia crassipes) which are abundant and locally available were collected and used as feed materials along with cattle manure as control in this experiment. Results: The minimum incubation period and the maximum number of hatchlings per cocoon were observed in cattle manure (Control) as compared to other organic wastes. Percent cocoon hatching was 100% in all organic wastes, including control. The weight of freshly emerged juvenile was almost same in all organic wastes with no significant variations. The worm biomass was maximum in Eichhornia crassipes, whereas growth rate, attainment of sexual maturity and rate of cocoon production was maximum in cattle manure followed by other organic wastes. Interpretation: A successful vermitechnological process not only depends on the type of organic waste, but also depends on the biology of earthworm species. Based on the results, it can be concluded that epigeic earthworm, Eisenia fetida can be efficiently used in the vermitechnological process for organic waste management so as to maintain the balanced ecosystem. Key words: Eisenia fetida, Epigeic earthworm, Organic wastes, Vermicompost, Worm biology","PeriodicalId":15688,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45424352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production of surfactin from novel Bacillus spp. isolated from soil and its antifungal properties","authors":"N. Abirami, J. Jesteena, R. Ragunathan","doi":"10.22438/jeb/44/5/mrn-5103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/5/mrn-5103","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This research aimed to screen the biosurfactant-producing bacteria from soil, especially for the betterment of the environment in terms of bioremediation and biodegradation of lipids and hydrocarbons. Methodology: Bacillus spp. isolated from the soil was cultured and inoculated into different mineral media such as Glucose, Sawdust, and Bagasse mineral media. The surfactin was extracted and the activity was studied using oil emulsification test, oil spreading assay, and drop collapse assay. Bacillus spp. that provided better results were sequenced and submitted to NCBI. The surfactin of the specific bacteria was characterized using TLC, UV-vis spectra, and FTIR analysis. Finally, the antifungal activity assay was performed against Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus spp., and Aspergillus niger. Results: Bacillus species subjected to gene sequencing was identified as Bacillus mycoids strain ARJCBNR (On464184). UV-vis spectra and FTIR analyses revealed various functional groups such as 3356.14 cm-1 (N-H stretch), 1635.64 cm-1 (C=O amide), and 1211 cm-1 (C-O stretch) representing the surfactin compound between 4000 and 500 cm-1. Upon antifungal activity, sawdust-extracted surfactin had a higher zone of inhibition against all the tested fungi. Interpretation: This study revealed that Bacillus spp. can utilize agro-industrial waste as substrate to produce surfactin. Also, the surfactin extracted from sawdust mineral media showed higher antifungal activity. Key words: Bacillus spp., Biosurfactant, Mineral media, Soil, Surfactin","PeriodicalId":15688,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48516898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}