Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Trichite features contribute to the revision of the genus Strombidium (Alveolata, Ciliophora, Spirotricha)","authors":"Sabine Agatha,&nbsp;Birgit Weißenbacher,&nbsp;Michael Kirschner,&nbsp;Maximilian H. Ganser","doi":"10.1111/jeu.13001","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jeu.13001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Strombidium</i> is a species-rich genus of oligotrichid ciliates mainly inhabiting the marine pelagial. In molecular phylogenies, the genus emerged as non-monophyletic, and cladistic analyses suggest that it is largely characterized by plesiomorphies. A reliable split of the genus and the establishment of new genera necessitate, however, support by novel morphological and/or ultrastructural features. In the present study, the arrangement and ultrastructure of trichites are proposed as taxonomically relevant characters. <i>Strombidium biarmatum</i> Agatha et al., 2005 differs in the trichite pattern from the type species <i>Strombidium sulcatum</i> and most congeners. Aside from the trichites inserting anteriorly to the girdle kinety and generating the typical funnel-shaped complex in the posterior cell portion, the species displays additional trichites between the adoral membranelles even visible in live cells. Here, this exceptional trichite arrangement is detailed based on transmission electron microscopic investigations. In molecular phylogenies, <i>S. biarmatum</i> forms a monophylum with two congeners sharing its trichite arrangement. Therefore, the strombidiid genus <i>Heteropilum</i> nov. gen. is established with <i>S. biarmatum</i> as type species to also include <i>H. paracapitatum</i> (Song et al., 2015) nov. comb. and <i>H. basimorphum</i> (Martin &amp; Montagnes, 1993) nov. comb. Further differences discovered in the trichite ultrastructure support the organelles' taxonomic significance.</p>","PeriodicalId":15672,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jeu.13001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41176303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pseudovampyrella gen. nov.: A genus of Vampyrella-like protoplast extractors finds its place in the Leptophryidae","authors":"Andreas Suthaus,&nbsp;Sebastian Hess","doi":"10.1111/jeu.13002","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jeu.13002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Vampyrellid amoebae are predatory protists, which consume a variety of eukaryotic prey and inhabit freshwater, marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Although they have been known for almost 150 years, much of their diversity lacks an in-depth characterization. To date, environmental sequencing data hint at several uncharacterized lineages, to which no phenotype is associated. Furthermore, there are numerous historically described species without any molecular information. This study reports on two new vampyrellid strains from moorlands, which extract the protoplasts of <i>Closterium</i> species (Zygnematophyceae). Our data on morphology, prey range specificity and feeding strategy reveal that the studied vampyrellids are very similar to the historically described <i>Vampyrella closterii</i>. However, phylogenetic analyses demonstrate that the two strains do not belong to the genus <i>Vampyrella</i> and, instead, form a distinct clade in the family Leptophryidae. Hence, we introduce a new genus of algivorous protoplast extractors, <i>Pseudovampyrella</i> gen. nov., with the species <i>P. closterii</i> (= <i>V. closterii</i>) and <i>P. minor</i>. Our findings indicate that the genetic diversity of morphologically described vampyrellid species might be hugely underrated.</p>","PeriodicalId":15672,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jeu.13002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41115533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gene editing of putative cAMP and Ca2+-regulated proteins using an efficient cloning-free CRISPR/Cas9 system in Trypanosoma cruzi","authors":"Miguel A. Chiurillo,&nbsp;Milad Ahmed,&nbsp;César González,&nbsp;Aqsa Raja,&nbsp;Noelia Lander","doi":"10.1111/jeu.12999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jeu.12999","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>, the agent of Chagas disease, must adapt to a diversity of environmental conditions that it faces during its life cycle. The adaptation to these changes is mediated by signaling pathways that coordinate the cellular responses to the new environmental settings. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) and Calcium (Ca²⁺) signaling pathways regulate critical cellular processes in this parasite, such as differentiation, osmoregulation, host cell invasion and cell bioenergetics. Although the use of CRISPR/Cas9 technology prompted reverse genetics approaches for functional analysis in <i>T</i>. <i>cruzi</i>, it is still necessary to expand the toolbox for genome editing in this parasite, as for example to perform multigene analysis. Here we used an efficient T7RNAP/Cas9 strategy to tag and delete three genes predicted to be involved in cAMP and Ca²⁺ signaling pathways: a putative Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (<i>CAMK</i>), Flagellar Member 6 (<i>FLAM6</i>) and Cyclic nucleotide-binding domain/C2 domain-containing protein (<i>CC2CP</i>). We endogenously tagged these three genes and determined the subcellular localization of the tagged proteins. Furthermore, the strategy used to knockout these genes allows us to presume that <i>TcCC2CP</i> is an essential gene in <i>T</i>. <i>cruzi</i> epimastigotes. Our results will open new venues for future research on the role of these proteins in <i>T</i>. <i>cruzi</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":15672,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology","volume":"70 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71976560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure of Tritrichomonas foetus to sublethal doses of metronidazole induces a specific proinflammatory response in murine macrophages","authors":"Emanuel Ceballos-Góngora,&nbsp;Julio César Torres-Romero,&nbsp;Victor Ermilo Arana-Argáez,&nbsp;María Elizbeth Alvarez-Sánchez,&nbsp;Karla Acosta-Viana,&nbsp;Antonio Euan-Canto,&nbsp;Leidi Cristal Alvarez-Sánchez","doi":"10.1111/jeu.13000","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jeu.13000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Tritrichomonas foetus</i> is a flagellated parasite that primarily infects the reproductive tissues of livestock, causing bovine trichomoniasis. The cytoplasmic membrane of <i>T</i>. <i>foetus</i> contains various compounds that contribute to adherence, colonization, and pathogenicity. Metronidazole (MTZ) is the main treatment for trichomoniasis, but the emergence of drug-resistant strains is a concern due to improper use and dosing. <i>T</i>. <i>foetus</i> infection induces inflammation, and macrophages are key players in the immune response. However, our understanding of the host's immune response to <i>T</i>. <i>foetus</i> is limited, and the specific mechanisms underlying these responses are not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the impact of <i>T</i>. <i>foetus</i> surface proteins from trophozoites cultured under different sublethal MTZ conditions (MTZ-treated <i>T</i>. <i>foetus</i> MPs) on macrophage activation. By analyzing cytokine levels and gene expression in murine macrophages, we demonstrated that MTZ-treated <i>T</i>. <i>foetus</i> MPs induce a specific proinflammatory response. MTZ-treated <i>T</i>. <i>foetus</i> MPs-exposed macrophages exhibited a higher NO and H₂O₂ production and overexpression of <i>iNOS</i> and <i>NOX-2</i> genes in comparison to untreated <i>T</i>. <i>foetus</i>. Additionally, MTZ-treated <i>T</i>. <i>foetus</i> MPs triggered a significant induction of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, as well as the overexpression of the <i>TLR4</i>, <i>MyD88</i>, and <i>NF-κB</i> genes on murine macrophages. The study aimed to unravel the immunological response and potential proinflammatory pathways involved in <i>T</i>. <i>foetus</i> infection and MTZ stress. Understanding the immune responses and mechanisms through which <i>T</i>. <i>foetus</i> surface proteins activate macrophages can contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies for controlling bovine trichomoniasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":15672,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10156796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Division of Blastocystis ST10 into three new subtypes: ST42-ST44","authors":"Monica Santin,&nbsp;Ana Figueiredo,&nbsp;Aleksey Molokin,&nbsp;Nadja S George,&nbsp;Pamela C. Köster,&nbsp;Alejandro Dashti,&nbsp;David González-Barrio,&nbsp;David Carmena,&nbsp;Jenny G. Maloney","doi":"10.1111/jeu.12998","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jeu.12998","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The <i>Blastocystis</i> subtype ST10 has been recognized to contain a great deal of diversity at the sequence level, potentially indicating the presence of multiple new STs within the clade. However, the data needed to validate these new STs were not available. To help resolve this diversity, full-length small subunit (<i>SSU</i>) rRNA gene reference sequences were generated using Oxford Nanopore MinION long-read sequencing from 21 samples representing multiple domestic and wild hosts and geographic regions and covering the sequence diversity previously described using fragments of the <i>SSU</i> rRNA gene. Phylogenetic and pairwise distance analyses were used to compare full-length sequences of the <i>SSU</i> rRNA gene generated in this study with all other valid STs of <i>Blastocystis</i>. We present data supporting the division of ST10/ST23 cluster into five subtypes, ST10, ST23, and three new subtypes with the proposed ST designations of ST42, ST43, and ST44. As the host range of <i>Blastocystis</i> continues to expand with new subtypes and new hosts being frequently identified, the reference sequences provided in this study will assist in accurate sequence classification and help to clarify the epidemiology of this common intestinal microeukaryote.</p>","PeriodicalId":15672,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10492466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular and morphological characterization of four new ancyromonad genera and proposal for an updated taxonomy of the Ancyromonadida","authors":"Naoji Yubuki,&nbsp;Guifré Torruella,&nbsp;Luis Javier Galindo,&nbsp;Aaron A. Heiss,&nbsp;Maria Cristina Ciobanu,&nbsp;Takashi Shiratori,&nbsp;Ken-ichiro Ishida,&nbsp;Jazmin Blaz,&nbsp;Eunsoo Kim,&nbsp;David Moreira,&nbsp;Purificación López-García,&nbsp;Laura Eme","doi":"10.1111/jeu.12997","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jeu.12997","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ancyromonads are small biflagellated protists with a bean-shaped morphology. They are cosmopolitan in marine, freshwater, and soil environments, where they attach to surfaces while feeding on bacteria. These poorly known grazers stand out by their uncertain phylogenetic position in the tree of eukaryotes, forming a deep-branching “orphan” lineage that is considered key to a better understanding of the early evolution of eukaryotes. Despite their ecological and evolutionary interest, only limited knowledge exists about their true diversity. Here, we aimed to characterize ancyromonads better by integrating environmental surveys with behavioral observation and description of cell morphology, for which sample isolation and culturing are indispensable. We studied 18 ancyromonad strains, including 14 new isolates and seven new species. We described three new and genetically divergent genera: <i>Caraotamonas</i>, <i>Nyramonas</i>, and <i>Olneymonas</i>, together encompassing four species. The remaining three new species belong to the already-known genera <i>Fabomonas</i> and <i>Ancyromonas</i>. We also raised <i>Striomonas</i>, formerly a subgenus of <i>Nutomonas</i>, to full genus status, on morphological and phylogenetic grounds. We studied the morphology of diverse ancyromonads under light and electron microscopy and carried out molecular phylogenetic analyses, also including 18S rRNA gene sequences from several environmental surveys. Based on these analyses, we have updated the taxonomy of Ancyromonadida.</p>","PeriodicalId":15672,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology","volume":"70 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10396105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of protists to nitrogen addition, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi manipulation, and mesofauna reduction in a tropical montane rainforest in southern Ecuador","authors":"Garvin Schulz,&nbsp;Tessa Camenzind,&nbsp;Laura M. Sánchez-Galindo,&nbsp;Dominik Schneider,&nbsp;Stefan Scheu,&nbsp;Valentyna Krashevska","doi":"10.1111/jeu.12996","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jeu.12996","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The tropical Andes are a species-rich and nitrogen-limited system, susceptible to increased nitrogen (N) inputs from the atmosphere. However, our understanding of the impacts of increased N input on belowground systems, in particular on protists and their role in nutrient cycling, remains limited. We explored how increased N affects protists in tropical montane rainforests in Ecuador using high-throughput sequencing (HTS) of environmental DNA from two litter layers. In addition, we manipulated the amount of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and mesofauna, both playing a significant role in N cycling and interacting in complex ways with protist communities. We found that N strongly affected protist community composition in both layers, while mesofauna reduction had a stronger effect on the lower layer. Changes in concentration of the AMF marker lipid had little effect on protists. In both layers, the addition of N increased phagotrophs and animal parasites and decreased plant parasites, while mixotrophs decreased in the upper layer but increased in the lower layer. In the upper layer with higher AMF concentration, mixotrophs decreased, while in the lower layer, photoautotrophs increased and plant parasites decreased. With reduced mesofauna, phagotrophs increased and animal parasites decreased in both layers, while plant parasites increased only in the upper layer. The findings indicate that to understand the intricate response of protist communities to environmental changes, it is critical to thoroughly analyze these communities across litter and soil layers, and to include HTS.</p>","PeriodicalId":15672,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology","volume":"70 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9988439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AAK1-like: A putative pseudokinase with potential roles in cargo uptake in bloodstream form Trypanosoma brucei parasites","authors":"Jennifer A. Black,&nbsp;Christen M. Klinger,&nbsp;Leandro Lemgruber,&nbsp;Joel B. Dacks,&nbsp;Jeremy C. Mottram,&nbsp;Richard McCulloch","doi":"10.1111/jeu.12994","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jeu.12994","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Selection and internalization of cargo via clathrin-mediated endocytosis requires adaptor protein complexes. One complex, AP-2, acts during cargo selection at the plasma membrane. African trypanosomes lack all components of the AP-2 complex, except for a recently identified orthologue of the AP-2-associated protein kinase 1, AAK1. In characterized eukaryotes, AAK1 phosphorylates the μ2 subunit of the AP-2 complex to enhance cargo recognition and uptake into clathrin-coated vesicles. Here, we show that kinetoplastids encode not one, but two AAK1 orthologues: one (AAK1L2) is absent from salivarian trypanosomes, while the other (AAK1L1) lacks important kinase-specific residues in a range of trypanosomes. These AAK1L1 and AAK1L2 novelties reinforce suggestions of functional divergence in endocytic uptake within salivarian trypanosomes. Despite this, we show that AAK1L1 null mutant <i>Trypanosoma brucei</i>, while viable, display slowed proliferation, morphological abnormalities including swelling of the flagellar pocket, and altered cargo uptake. In summary, our data suggest an unconventional role for a putative pseudokinase during endocytosis and/or vesicular trafficking in <i>T. brucei</i>, independent of AP-2.</p>","PeriodicalId":15672,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology","volume":"70 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10008180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and molecular characterization of a new member of the phylum Rhodelphidia","authors":"Kristina I. Prokina,&nbsp;Denis V. Tikhonenkov,&nbsp;Purificación López-García,&nbsp;David Moreira","doi":"10.1111/jeu.12995","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jeu.12995","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rhodelphidia is a recently discovered phylum within the supergroup Archaeplastida, comprising only two known representatives (<i>Rhodelphis marinus</i> and <i>Rhodelphis limneticus</i>). Despite its close phylogenetic relatedness to red algae, Rhodelphidia differ markedly by being nonphotosynthetic eukaryotrophic flagellates with gene- and intron-rich genomes. Here, we describe a new freshwater Rhodelphidia species, <i>Rhodelphis mylnikovi</i> sp. n., strain Rhod-M. It shows clear morphological differences with the two other <i>Rhodelphis</i> species, including larger cell body size, presence of two contractile vacuoles, short and blunt pseudopodia, absence of cysts, and tendency to cannibalism. 18S rRNA-based phylogenetic analysis placed it sister to the freshwater species <i>R</i>. <i>limneticus</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":15672,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology","volume":"71 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9937948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal dynamics of eukaryotic microbial diversity in hypersaline Tuz Lake characterized by 18S rDNA sequencing","authors":"Suzan Şahin Doğan,&nbsp;Aytaç Kocabaş","doi":"10.1111/jeu.12993","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jeu.12993","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Microbial diversity found in hypersaline ecosystems is structurally unique and essential in many microbiological and ecological processes. Tuz Lake, the second biggest lake in Türkiye, is a talassohaline (over 32% [w/v]) lake with near-neutral pH. The aim of study was to investigate the composition of the eukaryotic microbial community in Tuz Lake by 18S rDNA amplicon sequencing, as well as its relationship and change with environmental factors during 1-year period. Next-generation sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were applied to describe the eukaryotic microbial community in Tuz Lake. As a result of bioinformatics analysis, <i>Archaeplastida</i> (39%) and <i>Stramenopiles</i>, <i>Alveolata</i>, <i>Rhizaria</i> (<i>SAR</i>) (51%) were the most abundant taxa represented in the dataset. The <i>Archaeplastida</i> phylum showed a significant difference between winter and summer and higher abundance in summer in contrast to the <i>SAR</i> group, which represented higher abundance in winter. Genus level assessment showed that the most abundant genera were <i>Navicula</i>, <i>Chlorophyta;unclassified_taxa</i>, <i>Dunaliella</i>, <i>Cladosporium</i>, <i>Paraphelidium</i>, <i>Scuticociliates;unclassified_taxa</i>, and <i>Chlamydomonadales;unclassified_taxa. Navicula</i> abundance was significantly different and overwhelmingly dominant in winter. On the other hand, <i>Cladosporium</i> and <i>Chlorophyta; unclassified_taxa</i> represented a significant difference between seasons and high abundance in summer. Furthermore, <i>Dunaliella</i> populations were not detected in midsummer and early fall when the temperature increased and water volume in the lake decreased.</p>","PeriodicalId":15672,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology","volume":"70 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9974730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}