Journal of Dietary Supplements最新文献

{"title":"The Development and Efficacy of a High School Athlete Education Program for Safe Nutritional Supplement Use.","authors":"Floris C Wardenaar, Lindsay Morton, Kahyun Nam, Hannah Lybbert, Kinta Schott, Colin Shumate, Hans van der Mars, Pamela Kulinna","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2023.2293845","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19390211.2023.2293845","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many high school athletes report using nutritional supplements. Due to a lack of education at the high school level, the use of safe for sports third-party tested nutritional supplements may be limited. To determine the impact of a short online nutritional supplement education program on safe dietary supplement behavior a cross-sectional repeated measures design was used. Therefore, a convenience sample of 106 high school athletes (14-19 years old) was recruited to measure pre-post education difference for nutritional supplement use and third-party tested (TPT) supplements. Additionally, it was analyzed if nutritional supplement related Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) constructs were associated with athlete choices. The most popular supplements included protein powder (65%), caffeine from beverages (45%), and different types of vitamins (ranging from 38-44%). Consistent use of (safe) third-party tested individual supplements was low, ranging from 35-77% for the most frequently reported supplements. The combined TPB determinants explained 26% of the variance of the intention to use safe supplements (F_{3, 102} = 13.03, <i>p</i> < 0.001, Adj R² = 0.26). The self-reported intention to use third-party tested supplements increased significantly (+7%-36% per individual supplement) after following the education program (<i>Z</i> = -3.288, <i>p</i> = 0.001) resulting in an intentional use of 54-94% TPT supplements. In conclusion, education resulted in more high school athletes reporting future third-party tested supplements use, and TPB construct scores did not change over time but could explain a substantial part of the variance of safe supplement use intentions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":"429-450"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138830042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Multivitamin Mixture Protects against Oxidative Stress-Mediated Telomere Shortening.","authors":"Mark A Levy, Junqiang Tian, Mandi Gandelman, Haojie Cheng, Menelaos Tsapekos, Sara R Crego, Rolando Maddela, Robert Sinnott","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2023.2179153","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19390211.2023.2179153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Telomeres are nucleotide repeat sequences located at the end of chromosomes that protect them from degradation and maintain chromosomal stability. Telomeres shorten with each cell division; hence telomere length is associated with aging and longevity. Numerous lifestyle factors have been identified that impact the rate of telomere shortening; high vitamin consumption has been associated with longer telomere length, whereas oxidative stress is associated with telomere shortening. In this paper, we sought to determine if a multivitamin mixture containing both vitamins and a blend of polyphenolic compounds, could reduce telomere shortening consequent to an oxidative stress (10 uM H₂O₂ for 8 weeks) in a primary fibroblast cell culture model. Under conditions of oxidative stress, the median and 20^th percentile telomere length were significantly greater (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and the percentage of critically short telomeres (<3000 bp) was significantly less (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in cells treated with the multivitamin mixture at 4, 15 and 60 ug/ml compared to control (0 ug/ml). Median and 20^th percentile telomere shortening rate was also reduced under the same conditions (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Taken together, these findings demonstrate that the multivitamin mixture protects against oxidative stress-mediated telomere shortening in cell culture, findings which may have implications in human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":"53-70"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9328206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Botanicals that Unmask β-Glucan from the Cell Surface of an Opportunistic Fungal Pathogen.","authors":"Jin Zhang, Ameeta K Agarwal, Qin Feng, Siddharth K Tripathi, Ikhlas A Khan, Nirmal D Pugh","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2023.2201355","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19390211.2023.2201355","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dectin-1 expressed on host immune cells recognizes β-glucans within the cell walls of fungal pathogens and plays an important role in the clearance of fungal infections. However, because β-glucan is masked by an outer layer of mannoproteins, fungal pathogens can evade detection by host immune cells. In this study, a microplate-based screen was developed to identify β-glucan unmasking activity exhibited by botanicals. This screen measures the activity of a reporter gene in response to the transcriptional activation of NF-κB due to the interaction between β-glucan on the fungal cell surface and Dectin-1 present on host immune cells. In this proof-of-concept study, we screened a collection of botanicals (10 plants and some of their reported pure compound actives) used in traditional medicine for their antifungal properties. Several hits were identified in samples that unmasked β-glucan at sub-inhibitory concentrations. The hit samples were confirmed by fluorescent staining with a β-glucan antibody, verifying that the samples identified in the screen did indeed unmask β-glucan. These results indicate that the purported antifungal activities attributed to some botanicals may be due, at least in part, to the presence of compounds that exhibit β-glucan unmasking activity. Enhanced exposure of cell wall β-glucans would allow the host to build resilience against fungal infections by helping the immune system to detect the pathogen and mount a more effective clearance mechanism. This screen, together with direct killing/growth inhibition assays, may therefore serve as a valuable tool for substantiating the use of botanicals in preventing and/or treating fungal infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":"154-166"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9687994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment On: \"A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study Examining an Oxygen Nanobubble Beverage for 16.1-km Time Trial and Repeated Sprint Cycling Performance.\"","authors":"Nicholas B Tiller, Asker E Jeukendrup","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2023.2263563","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19390211.2023.2263563","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":"207-209"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41138472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Narrative Review: The Effect of Vitamin A Deficiency on Gut Microbiota and Their Link with Autism Spectrum Disorder.","authors":"Fatima Ezzahra Kacimi, Soumia Ed-Day, Latifa Didou, Fatima Zahra Azzaoui, Mhamed Ramchoun, Asma Arfaoui, Samira Boulbaroud","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2023.2179154","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19390211.2023.2179154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders defined by a lack of social behaviors, repetitive behaviors and nonverbal interactions, such as limited eye contact, facial expression, and body gesturing. It is not a single condition, but rather a multi-factorial disorder caused by hereditary and non-genetic risk factors, as well as their interaction. According to several studies, the gut microbiota may have a role in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder. Various studies have found differences in the composition of the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota in children with ASD compared to unaffected siblings and/or healthy unrelated controls. The processes that relate the gut microbiota to brain dysfunctions (the gut-brain axis) in ASD are yet to be fully understood. However, the differences in the gastrointestinal composition might be due to vitamin A deficiency because vitamin A (VA) plays a role in the regulation of the intestinal microbiota. This narrative review discusses the impact of vitamin A deficiency on the gut microbiota composition and tries to understand how this may contribute for the development and severity of ASD.</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":"116-134"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9439280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Novel Exogenous Ketone Supplements on Blood Beta-Hydroxybutyrate and Glucose.","authors":"Kaja Falkenhain, Ali Daraei, Jonathan P Little","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2023.2179152","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19390211.2023.2179152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exogenous ketone monoesters can raise blood β-OHB and lower glucose without other nutritional modifications or invasive procedures. However, unpleasant taste and potential gastrointestinal discomfort may make adherence to supplementation challenging. Two novel ketone supplements promise an improved consumer experience but differ in their chemical properties; it is currently unknown how these affect blood β-OHB and blood glucose compared to the ketone monoester. In a double-blind randomized cross-over pilot study, N=12 healthy individuals (29 ± 5 years, BMI = 25 ± 4 kg/m2, 42% female) participated in three experimental trials with a different ketone supplement providing 10 grams of active ingredient in each; (i) the monoester (R)-3-hydroxybutyl (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate, (ii) D-β-hydroxybutyric acid with R-1,3-butanediol, and (iii) R-1,3-butanediol. Blood β-OHB and glucose were measured via finger prick capillary blood samples at baseline and across 240 minutes post-supplementation. Supplement acceptability, hunger, and gastrointestinal distress were assessed via questionnaires. β-OHB was elevated compared to baseline in all conditions. Total and incremental area under the curve (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and peak β-OHB (<i>p</i>  < 0.001) differed between conditions with highest values seen in the ketone monoester condition. Blood glucose was reduced after consumption of each supplement, with no differences in total and incremental area under the curve across supplements. Supplement acceptability was greatest for D-β-hydroxybutyric acid with R-1,3-butanediol, with no effect on hunger or evidence of gastrointestinal distress across all supplements. All ketone supplements tested raised β-OHB with highest values seen after ketone monoester ingestion. Blood glucose was lowered similarly across the assessed time frame with all three supplements.</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":"38-52"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9328204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High School Athletes' Use and Knowledge of (Safe) Nutritional Supplement Use: An Exploratory Study.","authors":"Floris C Wardenaar, Hannah Lybbert, Lindsay Morton, Kinta D Schott, Colin Shumate, Simin Levinson, Christopher Wharton, Pamela Kulinna, Hans van der Mars","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2023.2301361","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19390211.2023.2301361","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of nutritional supplements can lead to doping risk and no data exist on high school athletes' use of certified third-party tested supplements. A cross-sectional cohort design was developed using an anonymous survey. Descriptive data for supplement use, use of third-party tested supplements, and knowledge in high school athletes were reported. A total of 225 high school athletes, ranging from 14-19 years of age, from a private high school in the western US, were included in the analysis of the results. A total of 94% (n=211) of athletes reported nutritional supplement use within the past year with an average of six (interquartile range: 3-9) individual supplements, ranging from 0-20 supplements per person. Most frequently reported were sports drinks (72%), vitamins (65%), sports bars (60%), protein powder (58%), caffeine (37%, as part of normal beverages, or 13% as a supplement), followed by creatine (23%). A total of 24% claimed to know for sure that all their supplements were third-party tested. In addition, the recognition of third-party testing organization icons was low (46% in supplement users vs. 14% in nonusers). Athletes also scored low in reporting how to find (22%) and how to order (25%) third-party tested supplements. In conclusion, almost all athletes in this study reported the use of multiple nutritional supplements annually. Only one-fourth of the athletes reported consistently using third-party tested supplements. Knowledge of where and how tested supplements could be purchased was limited in this high school athlete population.</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":"478-494"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139478544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to \"Comment on: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study Examining an Oxygen Nanobubble Beverage for 16.1-km Time Trial and Repeated Sprint Cycling Performance.\"","authors":"David G King, Julie Hunt","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2023.2296109","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19390211.2023.2296109","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":"558-561"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139542345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Effects of Citrulline Malate Supplementation on Nocturnal Blood Pressure Dipping After Exercise in Hypertensive Patients: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.","authors":"Veridiana Domingues, João V Cavalari, Kamila Grandolfi, Andreo F Aguiar, Sergio M Borghi, Juliano Casonatto","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2024.2414052","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19390211.2024.2414052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Citrulline malate (CM), especially when used in conjunction with physical exercise, has demonstrated potential as a non-pharmacological adjunct in the management of hypertension. Nevertheless, its impact on nocturnal blood pressure dipping remains unexplored.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Evaluate the impact of a single dose of CM on nocturnal blood pressure dipping after exercise in hypertensive individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial, twenty hypertensive adults (55 ± 16 years) were randomly assigned to either a CM (6 g) or placebo (6 g of corn starch) group (PLA). Resting blood pressure was measured after a 20-min period of comfortable seating in a calm environment. Both groups underwent 40 min of treadmill running/walking at an intensity of 60-70% of their reserve heart rate, 120 min after ingesting the substances. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was employed to measure blood pressure over 24 h.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences in systolic blood pressure values were observed between the CM and PLA groups at rest, during wakefulness, sleep, or over a 24-h period. However, CM exhibited a significant reduction in diastolic blood pressure in several metrics: delta 24 h (-14 mmHg vs -6 mmHg, <i>p</i> = 0.047), delta wakefulness (-12 mmHg vs -4 mmHg, <i>p</i> = 0.024), percent delta 24 h (-16% vs -6%, <i>p</i> = 0.024), and percent delta wakefulness (-14% vs -4%, <i>p</i> = 0.013). No significant differences were found between CM and PLA in terms of systolic and diastolic nocturnal absolute reductions (-13 mmHg vs -12 mmHg, <i>p</i> = 0.808, and -13 mmHg vs -8 mmHg, <i>p</i> = 0.273, respectively) or nocturnal percentage decrease (-9.9% vs -9.4%, <i>p</i> = 0.844, and -15.3% vs -11.7%, <i>p</i> = 0.399, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study found no significant changes in the post-exercise nocturnal blood pressure dip following a single dose of CM supplementation. However, a notable reduction in diastolic blood pressure was observed during the waking period and over the average 24-h monitoring period.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registry number and website: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov platform (NCT03378596).</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":"868-880"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142390984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of 8 Weeks of Shilajit Supplementation on Serum Pro-c1α1, a Biomarker of Type 1 Collagen Synthesis: A Randomized Control Trial.","authors":"Tyler J Neltner, Prakash K Sahoo, Robert W Smith, John Paul V Anders, Jocelyn E Arnett, Richard J Schmidt, Glen O Johnson, Sathish Kumar Natarajan, Terry J Housh","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2022.2157522","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19390211.2022.2157522","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type 1 collagen is an abundant structural protein with importance to the skin, eyes, bones, ligaments, tendons, and muscles. Shilajit supplementation has been shown to increase gene expression of collagen synthesis, however, it is unclear if increased gene expression translates to increases in circulating levels. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of 8 weeks of daily supplementation with 500 mg·d^-1 and 1000 mg·d^-1 of Shilajit versus placebo on serum pro-c1α1, a biomarker of type 1 collagen synthesis. Thirty-five recreationally trained men (mean ± SD: age = 21.1 ± 1.8 yrs; body mass = 80.7 ± 12.4 kg; height = 180.9 ± 6.7 cm) volunteered to participate in this study. Mixed factorial and one-way ANOVAs were used to analyze mean differences between groups, with follow-up t-tests when necessary. Individual subject responses were assessed using the minimal clinically important difference and Chi-squared tests. There were significant (Low dose: <i>p</i> = 0.008, <i>d</i> = 1.2; High dose: <i>p</i> = 0.007, <i>d</i> = 1.3) increases in serum pro-c1α1 from pre- (Low dose: 42.5 ± 12.4 ng·mL^-1; High dose: 42.7 ± 12.7 ng·mL^-1) to post-supplementation (Low dose: 82.3 ± 46.5 ng·mL^-1; High dose: 113.1 ± 78.7 ng·mL^-1) for the low and high dose groups, however, no change (<i>p</i> > 0.05) for the placebo group. A greater proportion (<i>p</i> = 0.03) of subjects exhibited increases in pro-c1α1 that exceeded the minimal clinically important difference in the high dose Shilajit group (75%) compared to the placebo group (30%), but no differences (<i>p</i> = 0.06) between the low dose Shilajit group (69%) and placebo. In conclusion, 8 weeks of Shilajit supplementation with 500 and 1000 mg·d^-1 increased type 1 collagen synthesis as indicated by serum levels of pro-c1α1.</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10781170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}