World of Economics and Management最新文献_第7页

Blockchain and Smart-Contracts in terms of Economics 从经济学角度看区块链和智能合约

World of Economics and Management Pub Date : 2021-10-24 DOI: 10.25205/2542-0429-2021-21-3-107-119

D. Y. Nagornykh

{"title":"Blockchain and Smart-Contracts in terms of Economics","authors":"D. Y. Nagornykh","doi":"10.25205/2542-0429-2021-21-3-107-119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2542-0429-2021-21-3-107-119","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the author’s interpretation of essence and applicability of smart-contracts in economics. Examples are given along with critical view on wrong statements, found in publications on examined topic. Repeating of certain theses from similar papers won’t be redundant, because it will help to observe the topic from different point of view. In general, author gives positive valuation of applicability of smart-contracts technology in economics (both, financial and real sector, despite of some obvious inherent disadvantages of current implementation in Ethereum. In author’s opinion, integration of smartcontracts and blockchain with IoT can give synergetic effect and consider real cyber-social interaction. Certain value to this paper is added by author’s practical experience of coding and adopting smart-contracts. Smart-contracts are mentioned by Bank of Russia with implementation of CBDC (Central Bank Digital Currency) concept in the form of digital rubble and receive additional significance in current trend of dematerialization and virtualization of money. In paper essential terms and author’s point to ability to change contract terms after deploy are given.","PeriodicalId":156080,"journal":{"name":"World of Economics and Management","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128809117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis of the Capital Structure of Commercial Banks 商业银行资本结构分析

World of Economics and Management Pub Date : 2021-10-24 DOI: 10.25205/2542-0429-2021-21-3-45-69

A. A. Perfilyev, L. P. Bufetova, Binbin Shen

{"title":"Analysis of the Capital Structure of Commercial Banks","authors":"A. A. Perfilyev, L. P. Bufetova, Binbin Shen","doi":"10.25205/2542-0429-2021-21-3-45-69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2542-0429-2021-21-3-45-69","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a regression analysis of banking determinants and their impact on the capital structure of banks for the period 2011–2019 on an extensive statistical base of the countries of India, Russia, China, the USA and banks in the Eurozone. The study proceeds and is based on the empirical results of the analysis of the structure of bank capital, carried out for individual countries up to the specified period. These results turned out to be quite contradictory regarding the significance of different determinants of the structure of bank capital. Understanding the influence of the determinants on the stability of the banking system, the article attempts to explain the differences for the period 2011–2019, when the countries' banking systems adopted the Basel 3 capital adequacy requirements. It is shown that 1) the capital structure of banks is influenced not only by banking determinants, but also by development conditions, regulatory institutions, the state of the economy, which is evidence of the need to analyze the problems of forming the capital structure of banks by countries, types of banks, etc.; 2) banking determinants between 2011 and 2019 explain the variation in bank capital structure to a significant extent and regulatory action is relevant for all countries. From the point of view of the peculiarities of the formation of the structure of bank capital and the role of the regulator in this case, directions of modification of relevant theories of capital structure are proposed.","PeriodicalId":156080,"journal":{"name":"World of Economics and Management","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124084905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Postgraduate Professional Education in China: Control Mechanisms and Learning Process 中国研究生职业教育:控制机制与学习过程

World of Economics and Management Pub Date : 2021-10-24 DOI: 10.25205/2542-0429-2021-21-3-147-168

S. Donetskaya, Bing‐han Wang

{"title":"Postgraduate Professional Education in China: Control Mechanisms and Learning Process","authors":"S. Donetskaya, Bing‐han Wang","doi":"10.25205/2542-0429-2021-21-3-147-168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2542-0429-2021-21-3-147-168","url":null,"abstract":"China’s strong economic growth is undoubtedly due to a set of government initiatives, among which the priority projects are the reform of the higher education system. Since the 80s of the last century, the state has paid special attention to the training of scientific personnel. Thanks to far-sighted state planning and strong budget financing, China has created a competitive national system of postgraduate professional education almost from scratch. As a result, if only 9 postgraduate students were trained in 1978, then in 1985 – already 17004, in 1998 – 47077, and in 2018 – 604368. The number of doctorates degrees awarded from 2005 to 2018 more than doubled: from 27,677 to 60,700.The important factors in the formation of the system of postgraduate education is the promulgation of national laws and regulations governing this area of educational activity, a well-built mechanism for managing the work of postgraduate studies and a strict system to control all stages of the educational process for masters and doctoral students. Therefore, this article focuses on the organization of the learning process in Chinese universities and academic institutes, as well as the management mechanism of the national system of training scientific personnel.In addition, according to the data of China's Ministry of education, official statistical information, publications that are publicly available on the Chinese Internet, as well as scientific articles published in major publications around the world, it is shown how the number of universities and academic institutions that train masters and doctoral students, as well as the number of students, admission and graduation of specialists have changed over the past ten years.","PeriodicalId":156080,"journal":{"name":"World of Economics and Management","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125021110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis of Features of Functioning and Assessment of Development of Mechanical Engineering Enterprises of the Irkutsk Region 伊尔库茨克地区机械工程企业功能特征分析及发展评价

World of Economics and Management Pub Date : 2021-09-13 DOI: 10.25205/2542-0429-2021-21-3-89-106

O. Roy

{"title":"Analysis of Features of Functioning and Assessment of Development of Mechanical Engineering Enterprises of the Irkutsk Region","authors":"O. Roy","doi":"10.25205/2542-0429-2021-21-3-89-106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2542-0429-2021-21-3-89-106","url":null,"abstract":"The disparity between the contribution of the mechanical engineering industry to the formation and development of the national economy and its potential determines the need to study the specifics of the activity and develop a set of measures aimed at a breakthrough, the basis of which should be the modernization of the complex and, aimed at sustainable development, the improvement of management. Mechanical engineering enterprises in the Irkutsk region form one of the key sectors of the economy. The degree of their development directly affects the stable functioning of such industries as logging, woodworking, energy, petrochemicals, metallurgy, as well as the quality of life of the region's population. The article presents a research and assessment of the state, features, and trends in the development of enterprises of the national mechanical engineering complex located in Irkutsk region. The problems and factors hindering the development of regional mechanical engineering production are identified. The article presents the justified directions of its development prospects obtained using the monographic method, the method of expert assessments, analysis and synthesis. Possible ways to improve the efficiency of industrial enterprises are proposed. These studies can serve as a basis for developing a rational industrial policy in relation to the mechanical engineering industry of the Irkutsk region and improving the efficiency of the mechanical engineering complex. A purposeful policy for the development of the machine-building industry will make it possible to create conditions for solving issues of strategic innovative development.","PeriodicalId":156080,"journal":{"name":"World of Economics and Management","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126271892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Purchase Planning for Minimum Assortment Goods Given the Uncertainty of Demand 考虑需求不确定性的最小分类商品采购计划

World of Economics and Management Pub Date : 2021-09-13 DOI: 10.25205/2542-0429-2021-21-3-120-131

D. Andreev, A. Khutoretsky

{"title":"Purchase Planning for Minimum Assortment Goods Given the Uncertainty of Demand","authors":"D. Andreev, A. Khutoretsky","doi":"10.25205/2542-0429-2021-21-3-120-131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2542-0429-2021-21-3-120-131","url":null,"abstract":"Some retailers (e.g. pharmacies) are responsible for satisfying the demand for the minimum range of goods, which are generally unprofitable. With respect to such goods, the enterprise seeks to satisfy uncertain demand rather than to make profit. We assume that: (a) the vector of demand for goods of the minimum assortment in the planning period lies “between” the demand vectors of several previous periods (is a convex linear combination of these vectors); (b) the smaller the maximum unsatisfied demand (by product groups and possible vectors of demand), the greater is the reliability of meeting the demand. Under these assumptions, we address the problem of allocating a limited procurement budget among commodity groups to meet uncertain demand most reliably. The article shows that this problem is equivalent to finding an optimal strategy by Wald’s criterion in some game with nature and can be reduced to a linear programming problem. Using the problem features, we propose a fast (having quadratic complexity) algorithm for constructing an optimal procurement plan. The model can be used when planning the minimum assortment goods procurement in order to maximize the meeting demand reliability, achievable within the allocated budget. As far as we know, such a formulation of the problem has not been studied in the previous literature.","PeriodicalId":156080,"journal":{"name":"World of Economics and Management","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114451680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cluster Project Risk Control System 集群项目风险控制系统

World of Economics and Management Pub Date : 2021-07-02 DOI: 10.25205/2542-0429-2021-21-2-142-155

A. Vyzhitovich

{"title":"Cluster Project Risk Control System","authors":"A. Vyzhitovich","doi":"10.25205/2542-0429-2021-21-2-142-155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2542-0429-2021-21-2-142-155","url":null,"abstract":"Almost any organization can be exposed to risks in cluster interactions. The variety of external and internal factors leads to various adverse consequences. Today, many organizations involved in cooperation within cluster projects and interacting with external counterparties face a serious problem of how to increase the efficiency of their risk control systems. The aim of the research is to formulate and develop the approaches for monitoring the relationship of the cluster’s participants by interested parties on implementing regional cluster policies. The study addresses the development of methodical approaches for improving control measures to identify and manage the specific risks of a separate cluster when implementing regional cluster policy, changes in legislation and the current economic situation, and determination of factors influencing data validity and reliability. The article identifies individual risks of business cooperation projects, specifies methodical approaches for assessing counterparties, given the clarified data validity, and develops a roadmap to improve the control system in a problem solving format. The work has theoretical and practical significance for corporate and state control of cluster cooperation. The use of new control mechanisms and systems is sure to reduce negative impacts of cluster project risks.","PeriodicalId":156080,"journal":{"name":"World of Economics and Management","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121063374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Institutional Arrangements and Processes Rotation of Assets of Defense Industry Corporation 国防工业公司的制度安排与资产流转

World of Economics and Management Pub Date : 2021-07-02 DOI: 10.25205/2542-0429-2021-21-2-156-169

M. Musatova

{"title":"Institutional Arrangements and Processes Rotation of Assets of Defense Industry Corporation","authors":"M. Musatova","doi":"10.25205/2542-0429-2021-21-2-156-169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2542-0429-2021-21-2-156-169","url":null,"abstract":"The article assesses the place and role of institutional design in the processes of consolidation and restructuring of the assets of defense industry companies (defense industry complex), discusses the possibility of adjusting measures aimed at activating the activities of defense companies in the context of growing geopolitical tensions, forms and methods of effective institutional management of the process of modernization of the main economic entities of the defense industry: Rostec State Corporation, Roscosmos State Corporation, United Shipbuilding Corporation (USC), etc. Its scientific novelty consists in the development of a comprehensive view of the institutional design of the processes of consolidation and rotation of the assets of defense companies in the context of the ongoing sanctions regime. Among the directions of changes in the institutional structure for the development of defense companies are analyzed: the creation and dissemination of common requirements (universality and compatibility) to the processes of design and production of products; the emergence of new leasing programs for technological equipment for various industries with preferential treatment; improving the system of publicprivate partnership (PPP) in certain dominant areas of development (microelectronics, IT-technologies); participation of defense industry companies in investment projects in special economic zones (SEZ) and territories of advanced development (TOP); localization of production within the framework of import substitution; updated approaches to the financial recovery of defense industry enterprises against the background of the preparation of large-scale changes to the bankruptcy law; maintaining a favorable institutional background in the M&A market for defense enterprises, etc.","PeriodicalId":156080,"journal":{"name":"World of Economics and Management","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132693549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Uneven Development of Spatial Economy of the Russian Federation and Differentiation of Growth Factors 俄罗斯联邦空间经济发展不平衡与增长要素分化

World of Economics and Management Pub Date : 2021-07-02 DOI: 10.25205/2542-0429-2021-21-2-5-29

N. Ibragimov, A. I. Dushenin

{"title":"Uneven Development of Spatial Economy of the Russian Federation and Differentiation of Growth Factors","authors":"N. Ibragimov, A. I. Dushenin","doi":"10.25205/2542-0429-2021-21-2-5-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2542-0429-2021-21-2-5-29","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the problems of spatial development of the Russian Federation, analyzes the causes and trends of changes in the spatial structure of macroeconomic indicators by federal districts in the period 2008–2015 which witnessed the cyclical nature of economic development in Russia, and assesses the factors of regional growth for the period under consideration and the potential for further development of the Russian federal districts. The research focuses on the economy of the Russian federal districts in the period 2008–2015 characterized by the cyclical nature of the development of the Russian economy. On analyzing the periods of recession alone, it is almost impossible to obtain detailed information about the factors of economic growth. At the same time, analyzing merely the periods of growth does not take into account the possibilities of crises and their consequences. For a more detailed analysis, the time boundaries of the study were divided into three periods 2008–2010, 2010–2013 and 2013–2015.The work is aimed at analyzing the changes in the structures of macroeconomic indicators of the Russian Federation by federal districts in the period 2008–2015, determining the reasons and tendencies of their changes, studying the factors of regional growth in 2008–2015, and assessing the potential for further development of the regions of the Russian Federation. The research toolkit includes the methods for analyzing structural changes as well as the methods of logarithmic and proportional division. The analysis of structural changes was used both when considering GRP growth rate at constant prices and when studying the factors of growth at total labor productivity. Logarithmic division was used when dividing the yield rises by the rises of each of the factors (e.g. decomposition of GRP rises in current prices). Proportional division was used to assess the impact of regional industries on economic growth as a whole.","PeriodicalId":156080,"journal":{"name":"World of Economics and Management","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126345803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Human Capital in the Context of the Principle of Diminishing Marginal Returns 边际收益递减原则背景下的人力资本

World of Economics and Management Pub Date : 2021-07-02 DOI: 10.25205/2542-0429-2021-21-2-49-58

F. Mayilyan

{"title":"Human Capital in the Context of the Principle of Diminishing Marginal Returns","authors":"F. Mayilyan","doi":"10.25205/2542-0429-2021-21-2-49-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2542-0429-2021-21-2-49-58","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the historical prerequisites for the emergence of the concept of the principle of diminishing returns of production factors. The analysis of the manifestation of this principle in the context of all factors of production. As a result of the analysis of the characteristics of human capital, an approach is proposed according to which the principle of diminishing marginal return does not apply to investments in human capital at the macrolevel and in the long term. It is shown that human capital at the macro level and in the long term (in the context of long waves of economic cycles) shows a trend of increasing returns. And it is the increasing return on investment in human capital that prevents the manifestation of diminishing returns on other factors of production. The reasons that determine the increasing return of human capital, as opposed to the physical, are systematized, among which: it, during a certain period of the process of use, improves, grows in quality and accumulates; does not disappear without a trace, contributes to the growth of human capital of other individuals, investments in human capital provide positive externalities, the component of human capital is a resource of knowledge, is inexhaustible and shows an exponential growth trend, the process of investing in human capital is greatly influenced by national, historical, psychological and socio cultural factors, investment in human capital, as a rule, provide a high rate of return.","PeriodicalId":156080,"journal":{"name":"World of Economics and Management","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126983401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Problems of Implementing National Projects at Municipal Level 市级实施国家项目存在的问题

World of Economics and Management Pub Date : 2021-07-02 DOI: 10.25205/2542-0429-2021-21-2-119-141

E. E. Goryachenko, K. V. Malov

{"title":"Problems of Implementing National Projects at Municipal Level","authors":"E. E. Goryachenko, K. V. Malov","doi":"10.25205/2542-0429-2021-21-2-119-141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2542-0429-2021-21-2-119-141","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the problems of implementing national projects at the municipal level. Based on the materials of the next wave of the annual expert survey of heads of municipalities conducted by the authors in March-April 2020 as part of monitoring the socio-economic situation in Russian municipalities. The author assesses the current situation, shows its distinctive features and trends in the context of the dynamics of the last decade, identifies the main problems that arise in municipalities in modern conditions during the implementation of national projects and possible ways to solve them. It is shown that serious barriers to the implementation of national projects at the municipal level, in addition to the wellknown problem of financial support, are the imperfection of the regulatory framework, insufficient methodological and information support, organizational difficulties, as well as personnel problems that significantly complicate the implementation of specific activities. The main obstacles to the implementation of national projects at the local level are weak coordination, inconsistency of actions of various bodies, centralization of managerial influences, as well as limited and insufficient certainty of the powers of local self-government bodies in the implementation of national projects. It is concluded that it is necessary to improve the mechanisms of interaction between regional and local authorities, aimed at significantly increasing the role assigned to local governments in the implementation of national projects. An important basis for decision-making in the development and evaluation of the effectiveness of national projects should be taking into account the opinions of heads of municipalities on the basis of sociological monitoring of the socio-economic situation and evaluating the effectiveness of measures taken to resolve problems at the municipal level.","PeriodicalId":156080,"journal":{"name":"World of Economics and Management","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129065005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0