Journal of Diabetes Research最新文献

{"title":"Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass Restores Sweet Taste Receptor-Mediated Glucose Sensing and Absorption in Diabetic Rats.","authors":"Sipeng Sun,Anping Wang,Rongguan Kou,Hantao Xue,Xiangyu Zhao,Ben Yang,Mengqi Shi,Yubing Wang,Qingtao Yan,Meihua Qu,Yi Wang,Zhiqin Gao","doi":"10.1155/2024/5544296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5544296","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of the study is to identify the regulatory role of intestinal sweet taste receptors (STRs) and glucose transporters (SGLT1, GLUT2) and gut peptide secretion in duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB)-ameliorated glycemic control in Type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: DJB and sham surgeries were performed in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats. The blood GLP-1 and GLP-2 levels were evaluated under feeding and fasting conditions. The expression of STRs (T1R2, T1R3), sweet taste signaling effector (Gα-gustducin), SGLT1, and GLUT2 was detected in the intestinal alimentary limb (A limb), biliopancreatic limb (BP limb), and common limb (C limb). The effects of STR inhibition on glucose control were measured with lactisole. Results: Glucose tolerance was improved in DJB-operated rats compared with the sham group, similar to that of normal control rats, without significant differences in food intake and body weight. The plasma GLP-1 levels of DJB rats were increased under diet-fed condition, and GLP-2 levels were increased after fasting. The villus height and crypt depth were significantly increased in the A limb of DJB-operated rats. In addition, GLP-1 expression was restored in enterocytes. The expression of T1R2, Gα-gustducin, and SGLT1 was elevated in the A limb after DJB, while GLUT2 was downregulated in the A, BP, and C limbs. The localization of GLUT2 was normalized in the three intestinal limbs after DJB. However, the beneficial effects of DJB on glucose control were abolished in the presence of lactisole in vivo. Conclusion: DJB ameliorates glycemic control probably by restoring STR-mediated glucose sensing and absorption with the responses of GLP-1 and GLP-2 to carbohydrate.","PeriodicalId":15576,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"5544296"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142201179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fat Mass and Obesity-Related (FTO) Gene Variant Is a Predictor of CVD in T2DM Patients.","authors":"Mazhar Hussain,Akbar Waheed,Asim Elahi,Ghulam Mustafa","doi":"10.1155/2024/5914316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5914316","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The role of the common FTO gene variant rs9939609 in obesity has been well established, and the FTO gene has a strong association with T2DM. Objective: To investigate the association of FTO gene variant rs9939609 with obesity-related parameters in T2DM and CVD patients. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 280 subjects of either sex aged 45.10 ± 9.6 years were randomly divided into four groups, that is, T2DM, T2DM with CVD, nondiabetic with CVD disease, and normal control. These samples were genotyped by ARMS-PCR. The FTO gene association with obesity-related parameters in T2DM and CVD patients was analyzed by SPSS 22. Results: The TT genotype was the most common genotype (46.80%) in our study groups. The minor allele frequency (MAF) was significantly higher in T2DM patients (0.39 vs. 0.28), T2DM patients with CVD (0.43 vs. 0.28), and nondiabetic patients with CVD (0.35 vs. 0.28) as compared to control with p < 0.005. Carriers of the AA genotype of the FTO gene rs9939609 were significantly associated with increased BMI, WC, HbA1C, SBP, DBP, and TGs and lowered HDL cholesterol as compared to the TA and TT genotypes in T2DM and CVD patients with p < 0.005. The FTO gene variant rs9939609 showed a significant association with T2DM and CVD. The AA genotype odds ratio (OR) in T2DM was 1.48 (1.06-2.32), p = 0.006, and in CVD, it was 1.56 (1.04-2.4), p = 0.003. Conclusion: The FTO gene variant rs9939609 has a strong association with T2DM and CVD. The AA genotype of FTO gene variants rs9939609 showed a strong association with most of the risk factors of CVD and T2DM.","PeriodicalId":15576,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"5914316"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142201005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Derived Time in Range and Other Metrics of Poor Glycemic Control Associated With Adverse Hospital Outcomes in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus Admitted to Non-ICU Wards at a Tertiary-Level Hospital in Colombia: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Edwin Mora Garzón, Alexandra González Montoya, Gilma Hernández Herrera","doi":"10.1155/2024/3451158","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/3451158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Aim:</b> This study is aimed at assessing the prevalence of poor glycemic control using different metrics and its association with in-hospital adverse outcomes. <b>Methods:</b> This cross-sectional study was conducted in diabetic patients admitted to a third-level hospital in Colombia between January and July 2022. Poor glycemic control was determined using capillary glucose metrics, including mean glucose values outside the target range, derived time in range (dTIR) (100-180 mg/dL) < 70%, coefficient of variation (CV > 36%), and hypoglycemia (<70 mg/dL). Multiple regression models were adjusted for hospital outcomes based on glycemic control, as well as other sociodemographic and clinical covariates. <b>Results:</b> A total of 330 Hispanic patients were included. A total of 27.6% had mean glucose measurements outside the target range, 33% had a high CV, 64.8% had low dTIR, and 28.8% experienced hypoglycemia. The in-hospital mortality rate was 8.8%. An admission HbA1c level greater than 7% was linked to an increased mortality risk (<i>p</i> = 0.016), as well as a higher average of glucometer readings (186 mg/dL vs. 143 mg/dL; <i>p</i> < 0.001). A lower average of dTIR (41.0% vs. 60.0%; <i>p</i> < 0.001) was also associated with a higher mortality risk. Glycemic variability was correlated with an increased risk of mortality, hypoglycemia, delirium, and length of hospital stay (LOS). <b>Conclusion:</b> A significant number of hospitalized diabetic patients exhibit poor glycemic control, which has been found to be associated with adverse outcomes, including increased mortality. Metrics like dTIR and glycemic variability should be considered as targets for glycemic control, highlighting the need for enhanced management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15576,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Research","volume":"2024 ","pages":"3451158"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11371450/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142125908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perirenal Fat Thickness Is Associated With Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Undergoing Coronary Catheterization.","authors":"Xixiang Tang, Jiafu Wang, Yuman Wu, Zhuoshan Huang, Xiaolan Ouyang, Hongxing Wu, Qian Chen, Junlin Zhong, Long Peng, Yan Lu, Bingyuan Wu, Yesheng Ling, Suhua Li","doi":"10.1155/2024/4905669","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/4905669","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Deposition of adipose tissue may have a promoting role in the development of diabetic complications. This study is aimed at investigating the relationship between adipose tissue thickness and risk of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). <b>Methods:</b> A total of 603 T2DM patients undergoing percutaneous coronary angiography or angioplasty with suspicious or confirmed stable coronary artery disease were enrolled in this study. The thicknesses of perirenal fat (PRF), subcutaneous fat (SCF), intraperitoneal fat (IPF), and epicardial fat (ECF) were measured by color Doppler ultrasound, respectively. The association of various adipose tissues with CIN was analyzed. <b>Results:</b> Seventy-seven patients (12.8%) developed CIN in this cohort. Patients who developed CIN had significantly thicker PRF (13.7 ± 4.0 mm vs. 8.9 ± 3.6 mm, <i>p</i> < 0.001), slightly thicker IPF (<i>p</i> = 0.046), and similar thicknesses of SCF (<i>p</i> = 0.782) and ECF (<i>p</i> = 0.749) compared to those who did not develop CIN. Correlation analysis showed that only PRF was positively associated with postoperation maximal serum creatinine (sCr) (<i>r</i> = 0.18, <i>p</i> = 0.012), maximal absolute change in sCr (<i>r</i> = 0.33, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and maximal percentage of change in sCr (<i>r</i> = 0.36, <i>p</i> < 0.001). In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) of PRF (0.809) for CIN was significantly higher than those of SCF (0.490), IPF (0.594), and ECF (0.512). Multivariate logistic regression analysis further confirmed that thickness of PRF, rather than other adipose tissues, was independently associated with the development of CIN after adjusted for confounding factors (odds ratio (OR) = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.38-1.71, <i>p</i> < 0.001). <b>Conclusions:</b> PRF is independently associated with the development of CIN in T2DM patients undergoing coronary catheterization.</p>","PeriodicalId":15576,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Research","volume":"2024 ","pages":"4905669"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11362576/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142107954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment, Prediction, and Validation of a Nomogram for Cognitive Impairment in Elderly Patients With Diabetes.","authors":"Sensen Wu, Dikang Pan, Hui Wang, Julong Guo, Fan Zhang, Yachan Ning, Yongquan Gu, Lianrui Guo","doi":"10.1155/2024/5583707","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5583707","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> The purpose of this study is to establish a predictive model of cognitive impairment in elderly people with diabetes. <b>Methods:</b> We analyzed a total of 878 elderly patients with diabetes who were part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2014. The data were randomly divided into training and validation cohorts at a ratio of 6:4. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression analysis to identify independent risk factors and construct a prediction nomogram for cognitive impairment. The performance of the nomogram was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration curve. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was performed to evaluate the clinical utility of the nomogram. <b>Results:</b> LASSO logistic regression was used to screen eight variables, age, race, education, poverty income ratio (PIR), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum uric acid (SUA), and heart failure (HF). A nomogram model was built based on these predictors. The ROC analysis of our training set yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.786, while the validation set showed an AUC of 0.777. The calibration curve demonstrated a good fit between the two groups. Furthermore, the DCA indicated that the model has a favorable net benefit when the risk threshold exceeds 0.2. <b>Conclusion:</b> The newly developed nomogram has proved to be an important tool for accurately predicting cognitive impairment in elderly patients with diabetes, providing important information for targeted prevention and intervention measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":15576,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Research","volume":"2024 ","pages":"5583707"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11347027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142072997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delivering the National Diabetes Prevention Program: Assessment of Retention, Physical Activity, and Weight Loss Outcomes by Participant Characteristics and Delivery Modes.","authors":"Boon Peng Ng, Elizabeth Ely, Michelle Papali'i, Michael J Cannon","doi":"10.1155/2024/8461704","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/8461704","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type 2 diabetes disproportionately affects older adults, persons from racial and ethnic minority groups, and persons of low socioeconomic status. It can be prevented or delayed through evidence-based interventions such as the National Diabetes Prevention Program (National DPP) lifestyle change program (LCP). This analysis is aimed at evaluating the outcomes (i.e., retention, physical activity, and weight loss) associated with participation in the National DPP LCP by participant characteristics and delivery mode (i.e., in-person, online, distance learning, and combination) using the 2012-2018 Diabetes Prevention Recognition Program (DPRP) data. Across all delivery modes, there were generally no substantial differences in retention between male and female participants, but male participants tended to have higher physical activity and weight loss (e.g., average weight loss for in-person delivery: 5.0% for males and 4.3% for females). Older participants had better retention rates than younger participants in all delivery modes and mostly higher physical activity and weight loss except for distance learning delivery (e.g., average weight loss for in-person delivery: 5.1% for those aged 65+ and 3.3% for those aged 18-34). Among the seven racial and ethnic groups studied, retention was generally highest for non-Hispanic/Latino (NH)-White participants and lowest for Hispanic/Latino participants. Physical activity varied by racial and ethnic groups and delivery mode. NH-White participants generally had the most weight loss except for distance learning delivery, and NH-Black/African American participants had the least (e.g., average weight loss for in-person delivery: 5.1% for NH-White participants, 3.3% for both NH-Black/African American and NH-American Indian/Alaska Native participants, and other racial and ethnic minority groups ranged from 3.4% to 4.9%). Monitoring and identifying disparities across demographics and delivery modes, particularly across multiple racial and ethnic groups, provides information that can be used to improve the implementation of the National DPP LCP by tailoring the intervention to reduce disparities.</p>","PeriodicalId":15576,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Research","volume":"2024 ","pages":"8461704"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11335425/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142008846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Reported Diabetes in Older Adults: A Comparison of Prevalence and Related Factors in the Mexican Health and Aging Study (2015, 2018, and 2021).","authors":"Alvaro García Pérez, Teresa Villanueva Gutiérrez, Laura Bárbara Velázquez-Olmedo","doi":"10.1155/2024/2527791","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/2527791","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Aim:</b> To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with diabetes among older adults and compare the prevalence rate of a three-round national survey of the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS). <b>Methods:</b> A cross-sectional study was conducted with data obtained from MHAS 2015 (<i>n</i> = 8167), 2018 (<i>n</i> = 7854), and 2021 (<i>n</i> = 8060), which comprised a nationally representative sample of older adults in Mexico. The measures included sociodemographic characteristics and health. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify the association between independent variables and self-reported diabetes. <b>Results:</b> The prevalence of diabetes was 26.3%, 27.7%, and 28.1% in 2015, 2018, and 2021, respectively. This prevalence decreased with age and was higher for female, urban older adults, those with multimorbidity, a lower level of education, and without social security coverage for the three years. Age was associated with a lower possibility of presenting diabetes ([OR = 0.79[0.71-0.89]] and [OR = 0.41[0.33-0.52]] in groups aged 75-84 years and ≥85 years, respectively). Females continue to be more likely to present diabetes than males (OR = 1.39 [95% CI 1.25-1.55]). Older adults living in rural areas are 20% less likely to present diabetes than those living in urban areas (OR = 0.80 [95% CI 0.69-0.93]). Uninsured older adults (OR = 1.35 [95% CI 1.20-1.53]), those who wear glasses (OR = 1.23 [95% CI 1.16-1.30]), those with multimorbidity (OR = 1.13 [95% CI 1.01-1.27]), and those who currently drink alcohol (OR = 1.12 [95% CI 1.00-1.25]) were significantly more likely to have diabetes. <b>Conclusion:</b> An elevated prevalence of diabetes was found in older adults in Mexico, while not having access to social security was associated with a higher possibility of presenting diabetes and living in a rural area was associated with a lower possibility of presenting diabetes. Detection, prevention, and control programs should be implemented to reduce the incidence and severity of the disease in older adults and, thus, prevent its associated complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":15576,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Research","volume":"2024 ","pages":"2527791"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11333132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142004386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Glycosylated Hemoglobin Variability and the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.","authors":"Xinyan Liu, Xiyao Yang, Na Wu","doi":"10.1155/2024/9958586","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/9958586","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) variability is a risk factor for cardiovascular complications in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but its relationship with the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) is unclear. <b>Methods:</b> Patients with T2DM who underwent coronary angiography due to angina were enrolled. HbA1c variability was expressed as coefficient of variation (CV), standard deviation (SD), variability independent of mean (VIM), and time in range (TIR). The severity of CAD was expressed by the number of involved vessels and Gensini score. Multivariate regression models were constructed to test the relationship between HbA1c variability, number of involved vessels, and the Gensini score, followed by linear regression analysis. <b>Results</b>: A total of 147 patients were included. In multivariate analysis, VIM-HbA1c (OR = 2.604; IQR: 1.15, 5.90; <i>r</i> = 0.026) and HbA1cTIR (OR = 0.13; IQR: 0.04, 0.41; <i>r</i> < 0.001) were independent risk factors for the number of involved vessels. After adjustment, HbA1cTIR (OR = 0.01; IQR: 0.002, 0.04; <i>r</i> < 0.001), SD-HbA1c (OR = 4.12, IQR: 1.64, 10.35; <i>r</i> = 0.001), CV-HbA1c (OR = 1.41, IQR: 1.04, 1.92; <i>r</i> = 0.007), and VIM-HbA1c (OR = 3.26; IQR: 1.43, 7.47; <i>r</i> = 0.003) were independent risk factors for the Gensini score. In the linear analysis, the Gensini score was negatively correlated with HbA1cTIR (<i>β</i> = -0.629; <i>r</i> < 0.001) and positively correlated with SD-HbA1c (<i>β</i> = 0.271; <i>r</i> = 0.001) and CV-HbA1c (<i>β</i> = 0.176; <i>r</i> = 0.033). After subgroup analysis, HbA1cTIR was a risk factor for the number of involved vessels. The Gensini score was negatively correlated with HbA1cTIR and positively correlated with SD-HbA1c at subgroups of subjects with a mean HbA1c ≤ 7%. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our analysis indicates that HbA1c variability, especially HbA1cTIR, plays a role for the severity of CAD in patients with T2DM. HbA1c variability may provide additional information and require management even at the glycemic target. <b>Translational Aspects:</b> Studies have shown that HbA1c variability is related to cardiovascular complications. Further, we explore the correlation between HbA1c variability and the severity of CAD. HbA1c variability is a risk factor for coronary stenosis in T2DM. It may be a potential indicator reflecting glycemic control for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":15576,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Research","volume":"2024 ","pages":"9958586"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11309811/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141906770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TGF<i>β</i>1, SNAIL2, and PAPP-A Expression in Placenta of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Patients.","authors":"Yujing He, Xiyao Yang, Na Wu","doi":"10.1155/2024/1386469","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/1386469","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a pregnancy-related diabetic condition that may cause serious complications. However, its pathogenesis remains unclear. Placental damage due to GDM may lead to several health issues that cannot be ignored. Thus, we aimed to identify the mechanisms underlying GDM by screening differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to vascular endothelial cells in the GDM databases and verify the expression of these DEGs in the placentas of women afflicted by GDM. <b>Methods:</b> We used GDM microarray datasets integrated from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Functional annotation and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analyses were used to screen DEGs. Placental tissues from 20 pregnant women with GDM and 20 healthy pregnant women were collected, and differential gene expression in the placental tissues was verified via qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence. <b>Results:</b> Bioinformatics analysis revealed three significant DEGs: <i>SNAIL2</i>, <i>PAPP-A</i>, and <i>TGFβ1</i>. These genes were all predicted to be underexpressed in patients with GDM. The results of qRT-PCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence analyses indicated that SNAIL2 and PAPP-A in the placenta tissue of patients with GDM were significantly underexpressed. However, TGF<i>β</i>1 in the placenta tissues of GDM was significantly overexpressed. <b>Conclusion:</b> SNAIL2, TGF<i>β</i>1, and PAPP-A may affect the placentas of pregnant women with GDM, warranting further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15576,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Research","volume":"2024 ","pages":"1386469"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11303042/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141897602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists, SGLT-2 Inhibitors, and DPP-4 Inhibitors as an Add-On Drug to Insulin Combined With Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs: Umbrella Review.","authors":"Sanbao Chai, Yapin Niu, Fengqi Liu, Shanshan Wu, Zhirong Yang, Feng Sun","doi":"10.1155/2024/8145388","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/8145388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of the combination of Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i), and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT-2i) in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes with poor efficacy of basic insulin and metformin/sulfonylurea by umbrella review. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Forming the data of publication of each database through 13 September 2022, PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were surveyed. <b>Results:</b> A total of seven meta-analyses were included in the umbrella review. The combination of GLP-1 RA (WMD -3.41 [-5.61, -1.21], <i>p</i> = 0.002), SGLT-2i (WMD -5.34 [-9.56, -1.13], <i>p</i> = 0.013), and DPP-4i (WMD -5.56 [-7.39, -3.73], <i>p</i> ≤ 0.001) can significantly reduce HbA1c levels, respectively. The combination of GLP-1 RA (WMD -1.55 [-2.92, -0.18], <i>p</i> = 0.027), SGLT-2i (WMD -2.96 [-6.68, 0.77], <i>p</i> = 0.12), and DPP-4i (WMD -2.05 [-2.82, -1.28], <i>p</i> ≤ 0.001) can significantly reduce fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels, respectively. The combination of GLP-1 RA (WMD -3.24 [-5.14, -1.34], <i>p</i> < 0.001) can significantly reduce body weight of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The dose of basic insulin in diabetes patients after combined use of GLP-1 RA (WMD -2.74 [-4.26, -1.22], <i>p</i> ≤ 0.001) was significantly reduced. The combination use of GLP-1 RAs (OR 1.28 [1.05, 1.56], <i>p</i> = 0.017) increases the risk of hypoglycemia. <b>Conclusions:</b> The combination of GLP-1 RAs, DPP-4i, and SGLT-2i can effectively lower HbA1c and FPG in T2DM patients who have poor therapeutic effects on basic insulin combined with metformin/sulfonylureas, respectively. Compared to placebo, GLP-1 RAs can significantly reduce body weight and basic insulin dosage, while DPP-4i and SGLT-2i have a lower risk of hypoglycemia. <b>Trial Registration:</b> CRD42023410345.</p>","PeriodicalId":15576,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Research","volume":"2024 ","pages":"8145388"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11283333/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141788243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}