Journal of Comparative Neurology最新文献

{"title":"Molecular and Morphological Circuitry of the Octopus Sucker Ganglion","authors":"Cassady S. Olson,&nbsp;Aashna Moorjani,&nbsp;Clifton W. Ragsdale","doi":"10.1002/cne.70055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.70055","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The octopus sucker is a profoundly complex sensorimotor structure. Each of the hundreds of suckers that line the octopus arm can move independently or in concert with one another. These suckers also contain an intricate sensory epithelium, enriched with chemotactile receptors. Much of the massive nervous system embedded in the octopus arm mediates control of the suckers. Each arm houses a large axial nerve cord (ANC), which features local enlargements corresponding to each sucker. There is also a sucker ganglion, a peripheral nervous element, situated in the stalk of every sucker. The structure and function of the sucker ganglion remain obscure. We examined the cellular organization and molecular composition of the sucker ganglion in <i>Octopus bimaculoides</i>. The sucker ganglion has an ellipsoid shape and features an unusual organization: the neuropil of the ganglion is distributed as a cap aborally (away from the sucker) and a small pocket orally (toward the sucker), with neuronal cell bodies concentrated in the space between. Using in situ hybridization, we detected positive expression of sensory (<i>PIEZO</i>) and motor (<i>LHX3</i> and <i>MNX</i>) neuron markers in the sucker ganglion cell bodies. Nerve fibers spread out from the sucker ganglion, targeting the surrounding sucker musculature and the oral roots extending to the ANC. Our results indicate that the sucker ganglion is composed of both sensory and motor elements and suggest that this ganglion is not a simple relay for the ANC, but facilitates local reflexes for each sucker.</p>","PeriodicalId":15552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Neurology","volume":"533 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cne.70055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dopaminergic Central Neurons and Peripheral Sensory Systems in Pteropod and Nudibranch Molluscs","authors":"Tigran P. Norekian,&nbsp;Leonid L. Moroz","doi":"10.1002/cne.70054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.70054","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In Euthyneuran molluscs, the distribution and plethora of dopamine (DA) functions are likely coupled to the feeding ecology with a broad spectrum of modifications both in the central and peripheral neural systems. However, studies of benthic grazers currently dominate the analysis of DA-mediated signaling, whereas adaptations to pelagic lifestyles and other feeding strategies are unknown. Here, we characterize the distribution of central and peripheral neurons in representatives of distinct ecological groups: the pelagic predatory pteropod <i>Clione limacina</i> (Pteropoda, Gymnosomata) and its prey — <i>Limacina helicina</i> (Pteropoda, Thecosomata), as well as the plankton eater <i>Melibe leonina</i> (Nudipleura, Nudibranchia). By using tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity as a reporter, we mapped their dopaminergic systems. Across all studied species, despite their differences in ecology, small numbers of dopaminergic neurons in the central ganglia contrast to an incredible density of these neurons in the peripheral nervous system, primarily representing sensory-like cells, which are predominantly concentrated in the chemotactic areas and project afferent axons to the central nervous system. Combined with tubulin immunoreactivity, this study illuminates the complexity of sensory signaling and peripheral neural systems in Euthyneuran molluscs with lineage-specific adaptations across different taxonomical and ecological groups.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Neurology","volume":"533 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143880031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Absolute Number of Thalamic Parafascicular and Striatal Cholinergic Neurons, and the Three-Dimensional Spatial Array of Striatal Cholinergic Neurons, in the Sprague-Dawley Rat","authors":"Rong Zhang,&nbsp;Jeffery R. Wickens,&nbsp;Andres Carrasco,&nbsp;Dorothy E. Oorschot","doi":"10.1002/cne.70050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.70050","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The absolute number of neurons and their spatial distribution yields important information about brain function and species comparisons. We studied thalamic parafascicular neurons and striatal cholinergic interneurons (CINs) because the parafascicular neurons are the main excitatory input to the striatal CINs. This circuit is of increasing interest due to research showing its involvement in specific types of learning and behavioral flexibility. In the Sprague-Dawley rat, the absolute number of thalamic parafascicular neurons and striatal CINs is unknown. They were estimated in this study using modern stereological counting methods. From each of six young adult rats, complete sets of serial 40 µm glycol methacrylate sections were used to quantify neuronal numbers in the right parafascicular nucleus (PFN). From each of five young adult rats, complete sets of serial 20 µm frozen sections were immunostained and used to quantify cholinergic neuronal numbers in the right striatum. The spatial distribution, in three dimensions, of striatal CINs was also determined from exhaustive measurement of the <i>x</i>, <i>y</i>, <i>z</i> coordinates of each large interneuron in 40 µm glycol methacrylate sections in sampled sets of five consecutive serial sections from each of two rats. Statistical analysis of spatial distribution was conducted by comparing observed three-dimensional data with computer models of 10,000 pseudorandom distributions, using measures of nearest neighbor distance and Ripley's <i>K</i>-function for inhomogeneous samples. We found that the right PFN consisted, on average, of 30,073 neurons (with a coefficient of variation of 0.11). The right striatum consisted, on average, of 10,778 CINs (0.14). The statistical analysis of spatial distribution showed no evidence of clustering of striatal CINs in three dimensions in the rat striatum, consistent with previous findings in the mouse striatum. The results provide important data for the transfer of information through the PFN and striatum, species comparisons, and computer modeling.</p>","PeriodicalId":15552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Neurology","volume":"533 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cne.70050","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pax6 and Pax7 in the Central Nervous System of Cladistian Fishes: A Comprehensive Expression Analysis","authors":"Daniel Lozano,&nbsp;Adrián Chinarro,&nbsp;Lucía Yanguas,&nbsp;Ruth Morona,&nbsp;Nerea Moreno,&nbsp;Jesús M. López","doi":"10.1002/cne.70053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.70053","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among actinopterygian fishes, cladistians stand as the more basal extant species in the group, holding a key phylogenetic position close to the common ancestor of Osteichthyes. Despite the recent publication of studies regarding the neurochemical organization of their central nervous system (CNS), there is still a significant lack of genoarchitectonic data that may prove essential to fully understand the patterning of the brain of these fishes. The paired box genes Pax6 and Pax7 are known to determine several boundaries in the CNS and are indispensable, for instance, for the survival of neurons and the change from cell proliferation to cell differentiation. By means of immunohistofluorescence methods, we analyzed the expression patterns of the transcription factors Pax6 and Pax7 in the CNS of three representative species of cladistian fishes, with a particular focus on their evolutionary implications. Thus, conserved Pax6 immunoreactive cell groups were present in the olfactory bulb, subpallial areas, the prethalamus, the basal prosomere 3, the pretectum, the mesencephalic tegmentum, the cerebellum, the basal rhombencephalon, the spinal cord, and the retina. A number of exclusive features were identified, including the almost total absence of expression in the pallium, which was observed only in cladistians, and its absence in the hypothalamus, which is a primitive anamniote trait. Likewise, the Pax7 expression pattern was generally conserved, with traits like the absence of labeling in the telencephalon and the expression in the retromamillary hypothalamic domain, the basal prosomere 3, the pretectum, the optic tectum, and the alar part of the first rhombomere. Additionally, no Pax7 labeling was detected in the spinal cord, comprising a specific cladistian feature.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Neurology","volume":"533 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nerve Growth Factor Receptor (NGFR/p75NTR) of the Small-Spotted Catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula): Evolutionary Conservation and Brain Function","authors":"Elena Chiavacci,&nbsp;Roberta Camera,&nbsp;Mario Costa,&nbsp;Baldassare Fronte,&nbsp;Eva Terzibasi Tozzini,&nbsp;Alessandro Cellerino","doi":"10.1002/cne.70049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The p75NTR receptor, a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily, can participate in signaling pathways either by forming heteromeric complexes with other receptors, such as the Trk family (tropomyosin receptor kinases), or by functioning independently. p75NTR was investigated prevalently in the brain and retina of mammals, whereas almost nothing is known about its conservation among species. Here, we reconstructed the phylogenetic arb of p75NTR and described for the first time the p75NTR expression in the brain of the basal vertebrate Chondrichthyan <i>Scyliorhinus canicula</i> (<i>S. canicula</i>), uncovering the existing parallelism between ancient vertebrates and mammals. p75NTR functional conservation among vertebrates was further investigated by cloning the <i>S. canicula</i> nerve growth factor (NGF) and performing the canonical posterior commissure (PC)-12 differentiation assay, which results in standard neurite-like production. We then investigated the <i>S. canicula</i> p75NTR, which proves to be capable of complementing a specific clone of PC-12 lacking p75NTR (PC-12 p75NTR⁻/⁻). All together, our results highlighted the expression and functional conservation of p75NTR among vertebrates during the evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":15552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Neurology","volume":"533 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cne.70049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143824716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover Image, Volume 533, Issue 4","authors":"Da-Jiang Hui,&nbsp;Mei-Xue Yuan,&nbsp;Xin-Ya Qin,&nbsp;An-Qi Zhang,&nbsp;Chen-Wei Wang,&nbsp;Yu Wang,&nbsp;Jiang-Ning Zhou,&nbsp;Peng Chen,&nbsp;Qing-Hong Shan","doi":"10.1002/cne.70052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.70052","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The cover image is based on the Research Article <i>A Rapid Heat-Enhanced Golgi-Cox Staining Method for Detailed Neuroanatomical Analysis Coupled with Immunostaining</i> by Peng Chen et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.70042.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":15552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Neurology","volume":"533 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cne.70052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Label-Free Multiphoton Imaging Reveals Volumetric Shifts Across Development in Sensory-Related Brain Regions of a Miniature Transparent Vertebrate","authors":"Rose L. Tatarsky,&nbsp;Najva Akbari,&nbsp;Ke Wang,&nbsp;Chris Xu,&nbsp;Andrew H. Bass","doi":"10.1002/cne.70048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.70048","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Animals integrate information from different sensory modalities as they mature and perform increasingly complex behaviors. This may parallel differential investment in specific brain regions depending on the changing demands of sensory inputs. To investigate developmental changes in the volume of canonical sensory regions, we used third harmonic generation imaging for morphometric analysis of forebrain and midbrain regions from larval through juvenile and adult stages in <i>Danionella dracula</i>, a transparent, miniature teleost fish whose brain is optically accessible throughout its lifespan. Relative to whole-brain volume, increased volume or investment in the telencephalon, a higher order sensory integration center, shows the most dramatic increases between 30–60 days postfertilization (dpf) and again at 90 dpf as animals reach adulthood. The torus longitudinalis (TL), a midbrain visuomotor integration center, also significantly increases between 60 and 90 dpf. In contrast, investment in the midbrain optic tectum (TeO), a retinal-recipient target, progressively decreases from 30 to 90 dpf, whereas investment is relatively consistent across all stages for the midbrain torus semicircularis (TS), a secondary auditory and mechanosensory lateral line center, and the olfactory bulb (OB), a direct target of the olfactory epithelium. In sum, increased investment in higher-order integration centers (telencephalon, TL) occurs as juveniles reach adulthood (60–90 dpf) and exhibit more complex cognitive tasks, whereas investment in modality-dominant regions occurs earlier (TeO) or is relatively consistent across development (TS, OB). Complete optical access throughout <i>Danionella</i>’s lifespan provides a unique opportunity to investigate how changing brain structure over development correlates with changes in connectivity, microcircuitry, or behavior.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Neurology","volume":"533 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover Image, Volume 533, Issue 2","authors":"Hideki Kondo,&nbsp;Laszlo Zaborszky","doi":"10.1002/cne.70041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.70041","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The cover image is based on the Research Article <i>Basal Forebrain Projections to the Retrosplenial and Cingulate Cortex in Rats</i> by Hideki Kondo et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.70027.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":15552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Neurology","volume":"533 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cne.70041","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143762018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of Sex-Steroid Receptors and Sex Differences of Otp Glutamatergic Neurons of the Medial Extended Amygdala","authors":"Alba González-Alonso,&nbsp;Lorena Morales,&nbsp;Elisenda Sanz,&nbsp;Loreta Medina,&nbsp;Ester Desfilis","doi":"10.1002/cne.70047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.70047","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The medial extended amygdala (EAme) is part of the social behavior network and its subdivisions show expression of sex-steroid receptors, which participate in the regulation of sexually dimorphic behaviors. However, EAme subdivisions are highly heterogeneous in terms of neuron subtypes, with different subpopulations being involved in regulation of different aspects of social and non-social behaviors. To further understand the role of the different EAme neurons and their contribution to sexual differences, here we studied one of its major subtypes of glutamatergic neurons, those derived from the telencephalon-opto-hypothalamic domain that coexpress <i>Otp</i> and <i>Foxg1</i> genes during development. Our results showed that the vast majority of the Otp glutamatergic neurons of the medial amygdala and medial bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BSTM) in both sexes express <i>Ar</i>, <i>Esr1 (ERα)</i>, and <i>Esr2 (ERβ</i>) mRNA. Moreover, the high percentage of receptors expression in the Otp neurons (between 93% and 100%) indicates that probably the majority of the Otp neurons of EAme are coexpressing the three receptors. In addition, Otp neurons of the posterodorsal medial amygdala have a larger soma and occupy more space in males than in females. These and other features of the Otp neurons regarding their expression of sex-steroid receptors likely contribute to some of the sexually dimorphic behaviors regulated by EAme.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Neurology","volume":"533 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence for Auditory Stimulus-Specific Adaptation But Not Deviance Detection in Larval Zebrafish Brains","authors":"Maya Wilde,&nbsp;Rebecca E. Poulsen,&nbsp;Wei Qin,&nbsp;Joshua Arnold,&nbsp;Itia A. Favre-Bulle,&nbsp;Jason B. Mattingley,&nbsp;Ethan K. Scott,&nbsp;Sarah J. Stednitz","doi":"10.1002/cne.70046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.70046","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Animals receive a constant stream of sensory input, and detecting changes in this sensory landscape is critical to their survival. One signature of change detection in humans is the auditory mismatch negativity (MMN), a neural response to unexpected stimuli that deviate from a predictable sequence. This process requires the auditory system to adapt to specific repeated stimuli while remaining sensitive to novel input (stimulus-specific adaptation [SSA]). MMN was originally described in humans, and equivalent responses have been found in other mammals and birds, but it is not known to what extent this deviance detection circuitry is evolutionarily conserved. Here we present the first evidence for SSA in the brain of a teleost fish, using whole-brain calcium imaging of larval zebrafish at single-neuron resolution with selective plane illumination microscopy. We found frequency-specific responses across the brain with variable response amplitudes for frequencies of the same volume and created a loudness curve to model this effect. We presented an auditory “oddball” stimulus in an otherwise predictable train of pure tone stimuli and did not find a population of neurons with specific responses to deviant tones that were not otherwise explained by SSA. Further, we observed no deviance responses to an unexpected omission of a sound in a repetitive sequence of white noise bursts. These findings extend the known scope of auditory adaptation and deviance responses across the evolutionary tree and lay groundwork for future studies to describe the circuitry underlying auditory adaptation at the level of individual neurons.</p>","PeriodicalId":15552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Neurology","volume":"533 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cne.70046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}