Journal of Comparative Neurology最新文献

{"title":"Dynamic changes in mitochondrial localization in human neocortical basal radial glial cells during cell cycle","authors":"Vasiliki Gkini,&nbsp;Inés Gómez-Lozano,&nbsp;Oskari Heikinheimo,&nbsp;Takashi Namba","doi":"10.1002/cne.25630","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cne.25630","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mitochondria play critical roles in neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation and fate decisions. The subcellular localization of mitochondria in neural stem/progenitor cells during mitosis potentially influences the distribution of mitochondria to the daughter cells and thus their fates. Therefore, understanding the spatial dynamics of mitochondria provides important knowledge about brain development. In this study, we analyzed the subcellular localization of mitochondria in the fetal human neocortex with a particular focus on the basal radial glial cells (bRGCs), a neural stem/progenitor cell subtype attributed to the evolutionary expansion of the human neocortex. During interphase, bRGCs exhibit a polarized localization of mitochondria that is localized at the base of the process or the proximal part of the process. Thereafter, mitochondria in bRGCs at metaphase show unpolarized distribution in which the mitochondria are randomly localized in the cytoplasm. During anaphase and telophase, mitochondria are still localized evenly, but mainly in the periphery of the cytoplasm. Mitochondria start to accumulate at the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis. These results suggest that the mitochondrial localization in bRGCs is tightly regulated during the cell cycle, which may ensure the proper distribution of mitochondria to the daughter cells and, thus in turn, influence their fates.</p>","PeriodicalId":15552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Neurology","volume":"532 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cne.25630","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141293430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cellular-resolution gene expression mapping reveals organization in the head ganglia of the gastropod, Berghia stephanieae","authors":"M. Desmond Ramirez,&nbsp;Thi N. Bui,&nbsp;Paul S. Katz","doi":"10.1002/cne.25628","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cne.25628","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Gastropod molluscs such as <i>Aplysia</i>, <i>Lymnaea</i>, and <i>Tritonia</i> have been important for determining fundamental rules of motor control, learning, and memory because of their large, individually identifiable neurons. Yet only a small number of gastropod neurons have known molecular markers, limiting the ability to establish brain-wide structure–function relations. Here we combine high-throughput, single-cell RNA sequencing with in situ hybridization chain reaction in the nudibranch <i>Berghia stephanieae</i> to identify and visualize the expression of markers for cell types. Broad neuronal classes were characterized by genes associated with neurotransmitters, like acetylcholine, glutamate, serotonin, and GABA, as well as neuropeptides. These classes were subdivided by other genes including transcriptional regulators and unannotated genes. Marker genes expressed by neurons and glia formed discrete, previously unrecognized regions within and between ganglia. This study provides the foundation for understanding the fundamental cellular organization of gastropod nervous systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":15552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Neurology","volume":"532 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cne.25628","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141293429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Rohde-like cells at the posterior end of the dorsal nerve cord of amphioxus (Cephalochordata)","authors":"Nicholas D. Holland,&nbsp;Linda Z. Holland","doi":"10.1002/cne.25644","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cne.25644","url":null,"abstract":"<p>For postmetamorphic specimens of amphioxus (Cephalochordata), serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBSEM) is used to describe the long-ignored Rohde-like cells (RLCs) at the extreme posterior end of the dorsal nerve cord. These cells, numbering about three dozen in all, are divisible into a group with larger diameters running near the dorsal side of the cord and a more ventral group with smaller diameters closely associated with the central canal of the neurocoel. It is possible that the smaller ventral cells might be generated at the ependymal zone of the dorsal nerve cord and later migrate to a dorsal position, although a functional reason for this remains a mystery. All the RLCs have conspicuous regions of microvilli covering as much as 40% of their surface; limited data (by others) on the more anterior bona fide Rohde cells also indicate an extensive microvillar surface. Thus, both the RLCs and the better-known Rohde cells appear to be rhabdomeric photoreceptors, although a specific function for this feature is currently unknown. Even more perplexingly, although the Rohde cells are quintessential neurons extending giant processes, each RLC comprises a perikaryon that does not bear any neurites.</p>","PeriodicalId":15552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Neurology","volume":"532 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cne.25644","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141293431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover Image, Volume 532, Issue 5","authors":"Towako Hiraki-Kajiyama,&nbsp;Nobuhiko Miyasaka,&nbsp;Reiko Ando,&nbsp;Noriko Wakisaka,&nbsp;Hiroya Itoga,&nbsp;Shuichi Onami,&nbsp;Yoshihiro Yoshihara","doi":"10.1002/cne.25650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.25650","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The cover image is based on the Research Article <i>An atlas and database of neuropeptide gene expression in the adult zebrafish forebrain</i> by Towako Hiraki-Kajiyama et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.25619.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":15552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Neurology","volume":"532 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cne.25650","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141264637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An atlas and database of neuropeptide gene expression in the adult zebrafish forebrain","authors":"Towako Hiraki-Kajiyama,&nbsp;Nobuhiko Miyasaka,&nbsp;Reiko Ando,&nbsp;Noriko Wakisaka,&nbsp;Hiroya Itoga,&nbsp;Shuichi Onami,&nbsp;Yoshihiro Yoshihara","doi":"10.1002/cne.25619","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cne.25619","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Zebrafish is a useful model organism in neuroscience; however, its gene expression atlas in the adult brain is not well developed. In the present study, we examined the expression of 38 neuropeptides, comparing with GABAergic and glutamatergic neuron marker genes in the adult zebrafish brain by comprehensive in situ hybridization. The results are summarized as an expression atlas in 19 coronal planes of the forebrain. Furthermore, the scanned data of all brain sections were made publicly available in the Adult Zebrafish Brain Gene Expression Database (https://ssbd.riken.jp/azebex/). Based on these data, we performed detailed comparative neuroanatomical analyses of the hypothalamus and found that several regions previously described as one nucleus in the reference zebrafish brain atlas contain two or more subregions with significantly different neuropeptide/neurotransmitter expression profiles. Subsequently, we compared the expression data in zebrafish telencephalon and hypothalamus obtained in this study with those in mice, by performing a cluster analysis. As a result, several nuclei in zebrafish and mice were clustered in close vicinity. The present expression atlas, database, and anatomical findings will contribute to future neuroscience research using zebrafish.</p>","PeriodicalId":15552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Neurology","volume":"532 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cne.25619","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141237157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corticogenesis and folding process of the neopallium in the South American plains vizcacha, Lagostomus maximus","authors":"Alejandro Raúl Schmidt,&nbsp;Vanina Soledad Jaime,&nbsp;Pablo Ignacio Felipe Inserra,&nbsp;Sofía Proietto,&nbsp;María Clara Corso,&nbsp;Ileana Abigail Burd,&nbsp;Noelia Paola Leopardo,&nbsp;Julia Halperin,&nbsp;Alfredo Daniel Vitullo,&nbsp;Verónica Berta Dorfman","doi":"10.1002/cne.25631","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cne.25631","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The plains vizcacha, <i>Lagostomus maximus</i>, is a precocial hystricomorph rodent with a gyrencephalic brain. This work aimed to perform a time-lapse analysis of the embryonic brain cortical development in the plains vizcacha to establish a species-specific temporal window for corticogenesis and the gyrencephaly onset. Additionally, a comparative examination with evolutionarily related rodents was conducted. Embryos from 40 embryonic days (ED) until the end of pregnancy (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mo>∼</mo>\u0000 <annotation>$sim $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>154 ED) were evaluated. The neuroanatomical examination determined transverse sulci at 80 ED and rostral lateral and caudal intraparietal sulci around 95 ED. Histological examination of corticogenesis showed emergence of the subplate at 43 ED and expansion of the subventricular zone (SVZ) and its division into inner and outer SVZs around 54 ED. The neocortical layers formation followed an inside-to-outside spatiotemporal gradient beginning with the emergence of layers VI and V at 68 ED and establishing the final six neocortical layers around 100 ED. A progressive increment of gyrencephalization index (GI) from 1.005 ± 0.003 around 70 ED, which reflects a smooth cortex, up to 1.07 ± 0.009 at the end of gestation, reflecting a gyrencephalic neuroanatomy, was determined. Contrarily, the minimum cortical thickness (MCT) progressively decreased from 61 ED up to the end of gestation. These results show that the decrease in the cortical thickness, which enables the onset of neocortical invaginations, occurs together with the expansion and subdivision of the SVZ. The temporal comparison of corticogenesis in plains vizcacha with that in relative species reflects a prenatal long process compared with other rodents that may give an evolutionary advantage to <i>L. maximus</i> as a precocial species.</p>","PeriodicalId":15552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Neurology","volume":"532 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141174388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thalamic activity-dependent specification of sensory input neurons in the developing chick entopallium","authors":"Ryoka Katayama,&nbsp;Takuma Kumamoto,&nbsp;Kyosuke Wada,&nbsp;Carina Hanashima,&nbsp;Chiaki Ohtaka-Maruyama","doi":"10.1002/cne.25627","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cne.25627","url":null,"abstract":"<p>During development, cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic factors play important roles in neuronal differentiation; however, the underlying mechanisms in nonmammalian species remain largely unknown. We here investigated the mechanisms responsible for the differentiation of sensory input neurons in the chick entopallium, which receives its primary visual input via the tectofugal pathway from the nucleus rotundus. The results obtained revealed that input neurons in the entopallium expressed Potassium Voltage-Gated Channel Subfamily H Member 5 (KCNH5/EAG2) mRNA from embryonic day (E) 11. On the other hand, the onset of protein expression was E20, which was 1 day before hatching. We confirm that entopallium input neurons in chicks were generated during early neurogenesis in the lateral and ventral ventricular zones. Notably, neurons derived from the lateral (LP) and ventral pallium (VP) exhibited a spatially distinct distribution along the rostro–caudal axis. We further demonstrated that the expression of EAG2 was directly regulated by input activity from thalamic axons. Collectively, the present results reveal that thalamic input activity is essential for specifying input neurons among LP- and VP-derived early-generated neurons in the developing chick entopallium.</p>","PeriodicalId":15552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Neurology","volume":"532 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141174389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperphosphorylated tau in Alzheimer's disease disseminates along pathways predicted by the Structural Model for Cortico-cortical Connections","authors":"Alicia Uceda-Heras,&nbsp;Gonzalo Aparicio-Rodríguez,&nbsp;Miguel Ángel García-Cabezas","doi":"10.1002/cne.25623","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cne.25623","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In Alzheimer´s disease (AD), hyperphosphorylated tau spreads along the cerebral cortex in a stereotypical pattern that parallels cognitive deterioration. Tau seems to spread transsynaptically along cortico-cotical pathways that, according to synaptic tract-tracing studies in nonhuman primates, have specific laminar patterns related to the cortical type of the connected areas. This relation is described in the Structural Model. In the present article, we study the laminar distribution of hyperphosphorylated tau, labeled with the antibody AT8, along temporal cortical types in postmortem human brains with different AD stages to test the predictions of the Structural Model. Brains from donors without dementia had scant AT8-immunorreactive (AT8-ir) neurons in allo-, meso-, and isocortical types. In early AD stages, the mesocortical dysgranular type, including part of the transentorhinal cortex, had the highest AT8 immunostaining and AT8-ir neurons density. In advanced AD stages, AT8 immunostaining increased along the isocortical types until reaching the auditory koniocortex. Regarding laminar patterns, in early AD stages there were more AT8-ir neurons in supragranular layers in each de novo involved neocortical type; in advanced AD stages, AT8-ir neurons were equally distributed in supra- and infragranular layers. These AT8-ir laminar patterns are compatible with the predictions of the Structural Model. In summary, we show that hyperphosphorylated tau initially accumulates in allo-, meso-, and isocortical types, offer a proof of concept for the validity of the Structural Model to predict synaptic pathway organization in the human cerebral cortex, and highlight the relevance of nonhuman primate tract-tracing studies to understand human neuropathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":15552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Neurology","volume":"532 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cne.25623","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141158348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover Image, Volume 532, Issue 5","authors":"Asako Futagawa,&nbsp;Yousuke Tsuneoka,&nbsp;Michael Lazarus,&nbsp;Yo Oishi","doi":"10.1002/cne.25625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.25625","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The cover image is based on the Research Article <i>Comprehensive mapping of histamine H₁ receptor mRNA in the mouse brain</i> by Asako Futagawa et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.25622.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":15552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Neurology","volume":"532 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cne.25625","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140910582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurochemistry and circuit organization of the lateral spiriform nucleus of birds: A uniquely nonmammalian direct pathway component of the basal ganglia","authors":"Anton Reiner,&nbsp;Loreta Medina,&nbsp;Antonio Abellan,&nbsp;Yunping Deng,&nbsp;Claudio A. B. Toledo,&nbsp;Harald Luksch,&nbsp;Tomas Vega-Zuniga,&nbsp;Nell B. Riley,&nbsp;William Hodos,&nbsp;Harvey J. Karten","doi":"10.1002/cne.25620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.25620","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We used diverse methods to characterize the role of avian lateral spiriform nucleus (SpL) in basal ganglia motor function. Connectivity analysis showed that SpL receives input from globus pallidus (GP), and the intrapeduncular nucleus (INP) located ventromedial to GP, whose neurons express numerous striatal markers. SpL-projecting GP neurons were large and aspiny, while SpL-projecting INP neurons were medium sized and spiny. Connectivity analysis further showed that SpL receives inputs from subthalamic nucleus (STN) and substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), and that the SNr also receives inputs from GP, INP, and STN. Neurochemical analysis showed that SpL neurons express ENK, GAD, and a variety of pallidal neuron markers, and receive GABAergic terminals, some of which also contain DARPP32, consistent with GP pallidal and INP striatal inputs. Connectivity and neurochemical analysis showed that the SpL input to tectum prominently ends on GABAA receptor-enriched tectobulbar neurons. Behavioral studies showed that lesions of SpL impair visuomotor behaviors involving tracking and pecking moving targets. Our results suggest that SpL modulates brainstem-projecting tectobulbar neurons in a manner comparable to the demonstrated influence of GP internus on motor thalamus and of SNr on tectobulbar neurons in mammals. Given published data in amphibians and reptiles, it seems likely the SpL circuit represents a major direct pathway-type circuit by which the basal ganglia exerts its motor influence in nonmammalian tetrapods. The present studies also show that avian striatum is divided into three spatially segregated territories with differing connectivity, a medial striato-nigral territory, a dorsolateral striato-GP territory, and the ventrolateral INP motor territory.</p>","PeriodicalId":15552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Neurology","volume":"532 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140907061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}