Journal of Comparative Neurology最新文献

{"title":"Spatial Distribution and Morphology of CaMKII-Expressing Amacrine Cells in Marmoset, Macaque, and Human Retina","authors":"Alyssa K. Baldicano,&nbsp;Paul R. Martin,&nbsp;Ulrike Grünert","doi":"10.1002/cne.70078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.70078","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Over 30 types of amacrine cells have been described in the primate retina, yet few are well characterized. Here, we investigated amacrine cells expressing the alpha subunit of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in the retinas of human, macaque (<i>Macaca fascicularis, Macaca nemestrina</i>), and marmoset (<i>Callithrix jacchus</i>) monkeys using immunohistochemistry and intracellular injections, with a focus on displaced amacrine cells (dACs) in the ganglion cell layer. The spatial density of CaMKII-positive dACs decreases with the distance from the fovea, but in the peripheral temporal retina, the density of CaMKII-positive dACs nevertheless exceeds the density of retinal ganglion cells. In all species, CaMKII-positive dACs include cells expressing choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) cells, but in the human retina, only 60% of the ON ChAT population is CaMKII-positive. Conversely, in the marmoset and the macaque, about 80% of ON ChAT cells co-express CaMKII, but only 55% of ON ChAT cells in humans do so. Intracellular injections of CaMKII-positive dACs with the lipophilic dye DiI revealed ON starburst and semilunar Type 3 cells in all three species, but in the human retina, at least three additional types were detected. In the inner nuclear layer, CaMKII is expressed by multiple populations of amacrine cells, which are distinguished based on their soma size and staining intensity, but OFF ChAT cells do not co-express CaMKII. We conclude that ON- and OFF-ChAT cells show distinct patterns of CaMKII expression and that the diversity of CaMKII-expressing dACs in humans is greater than that in marmoset or macaque retina.</p>","PeriodicalId":15552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Neurology","volume":"533 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cne.70078","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144688110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of the Amygdala in Nonbreeding Aggression in Male Green Anole Lizards, Anolis carolinensis","authors":"Niveditha Sankar,&nbsp;Brooke R. Andel,&nbsp;Bernadette L. Igo,&nbsp;Anna R. Wilcox,&nbsp;Rachel E. Cohen","doi":"10.1002/cne.70077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.70077","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Aggression is a set of hostile behaviors expressed to defend and/or obtain resources. Although a social behavior network (SBN) has been postulated to explain the neural mechanisms underlying aggression, the extent of behavioral modulation by specific brain regions remains unclear. Additionally, the regulation of the SBN during the nonbreeding season (NBS) in seasonal breeders that express territorial aggression is still unknown. Thus, we aimed to study the role of one node of the SBN, the amygdala, in green anole lizards as this species displays dynamic changes in aggression, reduced testosterone levels, and increased number of neurons in the amygdala during the NBS compared to the breeding season. Male lizards were placed in a stereotactic apparatus and injected with either a neurotoxin (staurosporine) to damage the amygdala or saline as a control. These focal male lizards were also exposed to size-matched conspecifics before and 3 days after surgery to quantify aggressive behaviors. We found that partly damaging the amygdala significantly reduced aggression levels but did not affect their latency to initiate aggressive behaviors, providing support for the idea that the amygdala mediates aggression but not motivation in this species. Additionally, there was no relationship between aggression and plasma testosterone levels, suggesting that the nonbreeding aggression we measured was independent of plasma testosterone levels. These results indicate that the amygdala might play a significant role in the SBN to regulate NBS aggression and is not dependent on plasma testosterone levels.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Neurology","volume":"533 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144688219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Regional Ultrastructural Analysis of the Cellular and Synaptic Architecture of the Mouse Vestibular Periphery, With Reference to the Chinchilla","authors":"Maha Ahmad,&nbsp;Rege Vlahodimos,&nbsp;Manal Hameed,&nbsp;Fahad Imran,&nbsp;Tony Madappallil,&nbsp;Jayasree Oruganti,&nbsp;Behrooz S. Shamsaddin,&nbsp;Anna Lysakowski","doi":"10.1002/cne.70074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.70074","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The mouse utricular macula is increasingly being used as a model preparation to study the vestibular periphery because we can generate transgenic mice to investigate molecular details of development and function. Yet, detailed knowledge of its synaptic innervation is lacking or inconsistent. Accurate ribbon synapse numbers and location are needed to quantitatively model quantal transmission in the mouse, as has recently been done for non-quantal transmission in the Type I vestibular HC (Govindaraju et al. 2023). We investigated this at the ultrastructural level, as we have done previously in the chinchilla and squirrel monkey. The same investigative methods that we used in those previous studies (dissector and transmission electron microscopy [TEM]) were used to confirm recent confocal and TEM studies of the synaptic ribbons contained in the two types of vestibular HCs, Type I (enveloped by a large calyceal, or chalice-shaped, terminal) and Type II (contacted by more conventional synaptic boutons). Because vestibular function varies depending on specific regions in the sensory epithelium (central/striolar, peripheral/extrastriolar), the present study examined the different regions and found both regional and cell-type variations. Synaptic ribbon numbers were higher in Type II than in Type I HCs in both the utricular macula and the crista ampullaris. Previous work in chinchilla crista ampullaris had a gradient of synaptic ribbons in Type I HCs, being more numerous in the central zone versus the periphery. In the mouse crista (present study), the opposite was true; ribbon numbers were slightly higher in the periphery. For comparison to the mouse utricle, we also collected new data from the chinchilla utricular macula in this study. Finally, a variety of ribbon shapes were present in the vestibular epithelium, ranging from spheroid to elongated and intermediate forms. The reasons for these observed variations in shapes are unknown. These data should inform future functional and modeling studies of the vestibular sensory epithelium.</p>","PeriodicalId":15552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Neurology","volume":"533 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cne.70074","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144688095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistent Disruptions in Prefrontal Connectivity Despite Behavioral Rescue by Environmental Enrichment in a Mouse Model of Rett Syndrome","authors":"Sofie Ährlund-Richter,&nbsp;Jonathan Harpe,&nbsp;Giselle Fernandes,&nbsp;Ruby Lam,&nbsp;Mriganka Sur","doi":"10.1002/cne.70073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.70073","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rett syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the <i>MECP2</i> gene, is characterized by severe motor, cognitive, and emotional impairments. Some of the deficits may result from changes in cortical connections, especially downstream projections of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), which may also be targets of restoration following rearing conditions such as environmental enrichment that alleviate specific symptoms. Here, using a heterozygous <i>Mecp2^+/−</i> female mouse model closely analogous to human Rett syndrome, we investigated the impact of early environmental enrichment on behavioral deficits and PFC connectivity. Behavioral analyses revealed that enriched housing rescued fine motor deficits and reduced anxiety, with enrichment-housed <i>Mecp2^+/−</i> mice performing comparably to wild-type (WT) controls in rotarod and open field assays. Anatomical mapping of top-down anterior cingulate cortex (ACA) projections demonstrated altered PFC connectivity in <i>Mecp2^+/−</i> mice, with increased axonal density in the somatosensory cortex and decreased density in the motor cortex compared to WT controls. ACA axons revealed shifts in hemispheric distribution, particularly in the medial network regions, with <i>Mecp2^+/−</i> mice exhibiting reduced ipsilateral dominance. These changes were unaffected by enriched housing, suggesting that structural abnormalities in PFC connectivity persist despite behavioral improvements. Enriched housing rescued brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the hippocampus but failed to restore BDNF levels in the PFC, consistent with the persistent deficits observed in prefrontal axonal projections. These findings highlight the focal nature of changes induced by reduction of MeCP2 and by exposure to environmental enrichment and suggest that environmental enrichment starting in adolescence can alleviate behavioral deficits in <i>Mecp2^+/−</i> mice without reversing abnormalities in large-scale cortical connectivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":15552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Neurology","volume":"533 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cne.70073","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144647286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serotonin Receptors in Areas of the Emotion Regulation Network in Human and Rat Brains—A Comparative Autoradiographic Study","authors":"Anika Kuckertz,&nbsp;Ling Zhao,&nbsp;Olga Kedo,&nbsp;Katrin Amunts,&nbsp;Nicola PalomeroGallagher","doi":"10.1002/cne.70068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.70068","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Serotonergic neurotransmission is crucial for emotion processing and is dysregulated in mood disorders. To analyze the pathophysiology of disease and develop effective pharmacological treatments, the suitability of the rat as a model for translational research must be continuously validated. In vitro receptor autoradiography was used to characterize (dis)similarities of regional and laminar serotonergic 5-HT_1A and 5-HT₂ receptor distributions between components of the human emotion regulation network and homologous rat areas, including areas of the lateral prefrontal, orbitofrontal anterior and midcingulate cortices, hippocampal cornu Ammonis (CA) and dentate gyrus (DG), and the accumbens, central amygdaloid, and mediodorsal thalamic nuclei. In both species, mean 5-HT_1A densities were highest in cingulate area 25/infralimbic cortex and the hippocampus, and lowest in the accumbens. Whereas human CA presented significantly higher 5-HT_1A density than DG, the opposite was found in rats. Across the cortical depth, in humans, layers I–III and V contained the highest and lowest 5-HT_1A densities, respectively. In rats, layers I–II contained the lowest and layers V–VI the highest 5-HT_1A values. Mean 5-HT₂ densities were lower than 5-HT_1A densities in all areas of both species, whereby layers III and VI contained the highest and lowest 5-HT₂ densities, respectively. Rats presented a more widespread range of significant differences concerning the ratio between 5-HT_1A and 5-HT₂ receptors across examined areas than did humans. Concluding, this comparative study reveals species differences in 5-HT_1A and 5-HT₂ receptor densities in components of the emotion regulation network, which should be considered when using the rat as a model in the translational research of mood disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":15552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Neurology","volume":"533 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cne.70068","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144646843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Brain of the African Wild Dog. VI. The Motor System","authors":"Samson Chengetanai,&nbsp;Adhil Bhagwandin,&nbsp;Mads F. Bertelsen,&nbsp;Therese Hård,&nbsp;Patrick R. Hof,&nbsp;Muhammad A. Spocter,&nbsp;Paul R. Manger","doi":"10.1002/cne.70072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.70072","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Social behaviors in the African wild dog involve a range of complex movements, including biting, pushing, embracing, mounting, face and muzzle licking, paw placement, play fighting, and wrestling. In this study, we employ a range of architectural and immunohistochemical stains to provide a qualitative description of the motor system in the brain of one representative individual of the African wild dog. The appearance of the motor system in the African wild dog does not differ substantively to that reported in other carnivores and is neurochemically like that of the domestic dog; however, one significant difference was detected: the presence of a distinct fascicle of protoplasmic commissural dendrites at the rostral pole of the hypoglossal nucleus. The chemoarchitecture and complement of motor cortical areas and dorsal thalamus, striatopallidal complex and associated nuclei, cerebellum, red nucleus, descending motor pathways, inferior olivary nuclear complex, cranial nerve motor nuclei, and ventral horn of the cervical spinal cord of the African wild dog do not reveal qualitative differences to that observed in the domestic dog. At the rostral pole of the hypoglossal nucleus, protoplasmic commissural dendrites form a distinct fascicle, this fascicle being a feature that has not been reported in other mammals. The presence of this feature indicates complex neural control of the tongue and may facilitate vocalization control through the potential combination of lateralized aspects of vocalizations in a nucleus playing a major role in the production of vocalizations.</p>","PeriodicalId":15552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Neurology","volume":"533 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cne.70072","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144635371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover Image, Volume 533, Issue 7","authors":"Lucía Inés Torrijos-Saiz,&nbsp;Júlia Freixes,&nbsp;Ester Desfilis,&nbsp;Loreta Medina,&nbsp;Kazunobu Sawamoto,&nbsp;José Manuel García-Verdugo,&nbsp;Vicente Herranz-Pérez","doi":"10.1002/cne.70076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.70076","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The cover image is based on the Research Article <i>Cellular Organization and Migration Pathways of the Ventricular–Subventricular Zone in the Juvenile Swine Brain Sus scrofa domesticus</i> by Lucía Inés Torrijos-Saiz et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.70070.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":15552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Neurology","volume":"533 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cne.70076","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144635370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Connectivity of a Conspicuous Layered Structure in the Dorsal Telencephalon of the Peacock Gudgeon, Tateurndina ocellicauda","authors":"Ruth Gutjahr,&nbsp;Maximilian S. Bothe,&nbsp;Michael H. Hofmann,&nbsp;Boris P. Chagnaud","doi":"10.1002/cne.70064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.70064","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Within the mammalian pallium, layered structures, such as the six-layered isocortex and the three-layered hippocampal formation, are crucial for integrating sensory cues from the environment and for forming and recalling memories. Similar layered pallial systems have also been shown in avian and non-avian reptiles. Despite sharing similar needs for processing external information and remembering important sites, teleosts have generally not evolved such defined layered organizations in their dorsal telencephalon. One exception is gobiiform fishes in which a subregion of the dorsal telencephalon is organized into several fiber-rich and soma-dense layered subregions. We investigated the connectivity of these layered subregions (referred to as the dorsal telencephalic area X, Dx), as well as the connectivity of the medial (Dm) and dorsolateral (dDl) parts of the dorsal telencephalon through tracer injections. We found that extratelencephalic projections reach Dm, Dx, and dDl from different regions within the preglomerular complex (PG): Dm receives input from different PG regions: PG region 1 (PG1), PG region 2 (PG2), and the commissural PG (PGc), but not from the nucleus prethalamicus (PTh). In contrast, both Dx and dDl receive projections from the lateral PTh (PTh-l) and the medial PTh (PTh-m). We find that projections to dDl come from more ventral regions of PTh-m than those that project to Dx. The majority of ascending connections could be found within the telencephalon itself, with each of the telencephalic zones receiving its own distinct pattern of intratelencephalic afferent connectivity. From our results, we conclude that Dm and Dx constitute two distinct zones of the dorsal telencephalon.</p>","PeriodicalId":15552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Neurology","volume":"533 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cne.70064","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144615308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Brain of the African Wild Dog. V. The Somatosensory System and Vestibular Nuclear Complex","authors":"Samson Chengetanai,&nbsp;Adhil Bhagwandin,&nbsp;Mads F. Bertelsen,&nbsp;Therese Hård,&nbsp;Patrick R. Hof,&nbsp;Muhammad A. Spocter,&nbsp;Paul R. Manger","doi":"10.1002/cne.70071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.70071","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Social behaviors in the African wild dog (<i>Lycaon pictus</i>) commonly involve a range of tactile aspects, including biting, pushing, embracing, mounting, face and muzzle licking, nose–chin and muzzle contact, paw placement, play fighting, and wrestling, supported by the vestibular system. We employed an array of architectural and immunohistochemical stains to provide a qualitative description of the somatosensory and vestibular systems in the brain of one representative African wild dog individual. The appearance of both systems does not appear to differ from that reported in other Carnivora. The six nuclei forming the vestibular system, and their relationship to each other and the incoming vestibular branch of the eighth cranial nerve, appear like those observed in many mammalian species. The location and appearance of the dorsal column nuclei, the trigeminal sensory column, the colliculi, somatosensory nuclei of the dorsal thalamus, and the five somatosensory cortical areas observed in the African wild dog are like those observed in the domestic dog and other Carnivora. This study of the somatosensory and vestibular systems of the African wild dog completes our series of studies describing the major sensory systems in the African wild dog brain. It appears reasonable to conclude that, at the systems level of analysis, no overt specializations of any of the sensory systems are present. Thus, the neural underpinnings of the complex sociality of the African wild dog may be supported by nonsensory neural systems, such as motor, neuromodulatory, limbic, or cognitive systems, or levels of organization like receptor expression patterns or connectivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":15552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Neurology","volume":"533 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cne.70071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144598455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Of Marine Mammal Neuroscience and Men”: Needs and Perspectives in Marine Mammal Neuroscience","authors":"Ksenia Orekhova,&nbsp;Mark Dagleish,&nbsp;Nina Patzke,&nbsp;Simona Sacchini,&nbsp;Federica Giorda,&nbsp;Giovanni Di Guardo,&nbsp;Camilla Testori,&nbsp;Alice Affatati,&nbsp;Tommaso Gerussi,&nbsp;Mari Ochiai,&nbsp;Jean-Marie Graïc","doi":"10.1002/cne.70067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.70067","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As neuroscience techniques become increasingly sophisticatedand accessible, their application to marine mammal research remainsunderdeveloped and fragmented. Cetacean and pinniped brains exhibit remarkableevolutionary specializations; yet systematic, reproducible data across speciesare scarce. Ethical, logistical, and methodological constraints hinder samplingand analysis of central nervous system tissues, often limiting studies to smallcohorts and reducing diagnostic accuracy in neuropathological investigations.Gaps persist in understanding neuroanatomical organization, pathogeneticmechanisms of neurodegeneration, and the effects of acoustic and environmentalstressors on brain health. Noninvasive neuroimaging methods such as post-mortemmagnetic resonance imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging offer promise butsuffer from incompatible protocols and limited standardization. In-vitro andmolecular techniques including cellular reprogramming may provide new avenuesfor translational research if harmonized approaches are adopted. We identify a criticalneed for coordinated efforts to standardize best practice protocols for the sampling, storage and systematic analyses of marine mammal nervous tissues. To this end, we propose the formation of an inclusive, multidisciplinary network and invitecollaboration through our Open Science Framework project. By aligning methodologies and broadeninginternational partnerships, we aim to transform marine mammal neuroscience intoa robust contributor to comparative neurobiology and environmental healthmonitoring. This is a call to action to collectively grow this emerging field.</p>","PeriodicalId":15552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Neurology","volume":"533 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cne.70067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144582188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}