Maha Ahmad, Rege Vlahodimos, Manal Hameed, Fahad Imran, Tony Madappallil, Jayasree Oruganti, Behrooz S. Shamsaddin, Anna Lysakowski
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The same investigative methods that we used in those previous studies (dissector and transmission electron microscopy [TEM]) were used to confirm recent confocal and TEM studies of the synaptic ribbons contained in the two types of vestibular HCs, Type I (enveloped by a large calyceal, or chalice-shaped, terminal) and Type II (contacted by more conventional synaptic boutons). Because vestibular function varies depending on specific regions in the sensory epithelium (central/striolar, peripheral/extrastriolar), the present study examined the different regions and found both regional and cell-type variations. Synaptic ribbon numbers were higher in Type II than in Type I HCs in both the utricular macula and the crista ampullaris. Previous work in chinchilla crista ampullaris had a gradient of synaptic ribbons in Type I HCs, being more numerous in the central zone versus the periphery. In the mouse crista (present study), the opposite was true; ribbon numbers were slightly higher in the periphery. For comparison to the mouse utricle, we also collected new data from the chinchilla utricular macula in this study. Finally, a variety of ribbon shapes were present in the vestibular epithelium, ranging from spheroid to elongated and intermediate forms. The reasons for these observed variations in shapes are unknown. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
鼠脑室黄斑越来越多地被用作研究前庭外周的模型制备,因为我们可以产生转基因小鼠来研究其发育和功能的分子细节。然而,关于其突触神经支配的详细知识缺乏或不一致。精确的带状突触数量和位置需要定量模拟小鼠的量子传输,正如最近对I型前庭HC的非量子传输所做的那样(Govindaraju et al. 2023)。我们在超微结构层面对此进行了研究,就像我们之前在栗鼠和松鼠猴身上所做的那样。我们在之前的研究中使用的相同的研究方法(解剖和透射电子显微镜[TEM])被用来证实最近对两种前庭hc中包含的突触带的共聚焦和透射电子显微镜研究,I型(被一个大的花萼包裹,或杯状,末端)和II型(由更传统的突触钮扣接触)。由于前庭功能的变化取决于感觉上皮的特定区域(中央/条纹,外周/外壁),本研究检查了不同的区域,发现了区域和细胞类型的变化。在室斑和壶腹嵴,II型hcc的突触带数均高于I型hcc。先前在壶腹栗嵴的研究中发现,I型hc的突触带有梯度,在中心区比外围区更多。在小鼠嵴(本研究)中,情况正好相反;外围的条带数量略高。为了与小鼠胞室进行比较,我们也在本研究中收集了栗鼠胞室黄斑的新数据。最后,前庭上皮内出现多种带状,从球状到细长和中间形态。这些观察到的形状变化的原因尚不清楚。这些数据应该为未来前庭感觉上皮的功能和模型研究提供信息。
A Regional Ultrastructural Analysis of the Cellular and Synaptic Architecture of the Mouse Vestibular Periphery, With Reference to the Chinchilla
The mouse utricular macula is increasingly being used as a model preparation to study the vestibular periphery because we can generate transgenic mice to investigate molecular details of development and function. Yet, detailed knowledge of its synaptic innervation is lacking or inconsistent. Accurate ribbon synapse numbers and location are needed to quantitatively model quantal transmission in the mouse, as has recently been done for non-quantal transmission in the Type I vestibular HC (Govindaraju et al. 2023). We investigated this at the ultrastructural level, as we have done previously in the chinchilla and squirrel monkey. The same investigative methods that we used in those previous studies (dissector and transmission electron microscopy [TEM]) were used to confirm recent confocal and TEM studies of the synaptic ribbons contained in the two types of vestibular HCs, Type I (enveloped by a large calyceal, or chalice-shaped, terminal) and Type II (contacted by more conventional synaptic boutons). Because vestibular function varies depending on specific regions in the sensory epithelium (central/striolar, peripheral/extrastriolar), the present study examined the different regions and found both regional and cell-type variations. Synaptic ribbon numbers were higher in Type II than in Type I HCs in both the utricular macula and the crista ampullaris. Previous work in chinchilla crista ampullaris had a gradient of synaptic ribbons in Type I HCs, being more numerous in the central zone versus the periphery. In the mouse crista (present study), the opposite was true; ribbon numbers were slightly higher in the periphery. For comparison to the mouse utricle, we also collected new data from the chinchilla utricular macula in this study. Finally, a variety of ribbon shapes were present in the vestibular epithelium, ranging from spheroid to elongated and intermediate forms. The reasons for these observed variations in shapes are unknown. These data should inform future functional and modeling studies of the vestibular sensory epithelium.
期刊介绍:
Established in 1891, JCN is the oldest continually published basic neuroscience journal. Historically, as the name suggests, the journal focused on a comparison among species to uncover the intricacies of how the brain functions. In modern times, this research is called systems neuroscience where animal models are used to mimic core cognitive processes with the ultimate goal of understanding neural circuits and connections that give rise to behavioral patterns and different neural states.
Research published in JCN covers all species from invertebrates to humans, and the reports inform the readers about the function and organization of nervous systems in species with an emphasis on the way that species adaptations inform about the function or organization of the nervous systems, rather than on their evolution per se.
JCN publishes primary research articles and critical commentaries and review-type articles offering expert insight in to cutting edge research in the field of systems neuroscience; a complete list of contribution types is given in the Author Guidelines. For primary research contributions, only full-length investigative reports are desired; the journal does not accept short communications.