{"title":"Response to: Usefulness of the H-Reflex for Intraoperative Monitoring of Thoracoabdominal Aneurysms.","authors":"Guillermo Martín-Palomeque, Jaime R López","doi":"10.1097/WNP.0000000000001200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/WNP.0000000000001200","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15516,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144707657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Individualizing Programming of Responsive Neurostimulation and Deep Brain Stimulation Therapies in Epilepsy.","authors":"Lara Wadi, Sandipan Pati, Shruti Agashe","doi":"10.1097/WNP.0000000000001195","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WNP.0000000000001195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Summary: </strong>Responsive neurostimulation and deep brain stimulation have emerged as effective intracranial neuromodulation therapies for drug-resistant epilepsy when surgical resection is not an option. However, programming these devices presents unique challenges in epilepsy. Without immediate feedback and a vast programming space, clinicians are often tasked with fine-tuning device settings without clear, mechanistic guidance and limited clinical time. Recent efforts toward individualized programming have shown promise, including the use of nonstandard parameter sets, target-specific stimulation strategies, and patient-tailored adaptations while avoiding unintended interference with critical functions such as emotional regulation. Emerging research in programming is shifting beyond the one-size-fits-all protocols, incorporating closed-loop biomarkers, integrating multimodal data and predictive modeling that hold promise for improving seizure control and reducing adverse effects. This review synthesizes current evidence on standard and individualized programming approaches for deep brain stimulation and responsive neurostimulation in epilepsy, highlighting practical strategies, clinical outcomes, and insights from recent studies. Although emerging tools such as biomarker-guided programming and predictive modeling are gaining interest, the focus of this review is on existing clinical literature shaping programming today.</p>","PeriodicalId":15516,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology","volume":"42 6","pages":"513-520"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ketan Mehta, Arianna Damiani, Elvira Pirondini, Shruti Agashe, Cameron C McIntyre, Jorge A Gonzalez-Martinez
{"title":"Leveraging Functional and Structural Connectomics to Guide Neuromodulation in Epilepsy.","authors":"Ketan Mehta, Arianna Damiani, Elvira Pirondini, Shruti Agashe, Cameron C McIntyre, Jorge A Gonzalez-Martinez","doi":"10.1097/WNP.0000000000001196","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WNP.0000000000001196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Summary: </strong>Epilepsy is not solely a disorder of abnormal brain structure; it is fundamentally a disorder of disrupted brain networks and impaired communication across brain regions. Thalamic neuromodulation, once conceptualized as a fixed, anatomically guided intervention, is now undergoing a paradigm shift toward dynamic, network-informed modulation. Using tools such as stereo-EEG, diffusion MRI, and advanced connectomic analyses, we are entering a new era where neurostimulation strategies can be individualized, responsive, and aligned with the real-time neurophysiology and structural networks of each patient. By integrating anatomic and functional connectivity data, we are moving toward precision neuromodulation tailored to patient-specific seizure networks. In this review, we highlight the emerging role of functional and structural connectivity in refining our understanding of seizure dynamics and guiding neuromodulation interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15516,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology","volume":"42 6","pages":"521-526"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144955364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Refining the Interpretation of Bulbocavernosus Reflex Monitoring in Tethered Cord Surgery: Limitations, Potentials, and Contextual Value.","authors":"Jongsuk Choi","doi":"10.1097/WNP.0000000000001197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/WNP.0000000000001197","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15516,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144690470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Special Considerations for Personalization in Pediatric Intracranial Neuromodulation.","authors":"Charuta Joshi","doi":"10.1097/WNP.0000000000001193","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WNP.0000000000001193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Summary: </strong>Open label use of therapies with adult indications raises unique challenges in pediatric DRE. The following review details the landscape of pediatric intracranial neuromodulation. Initially, I discuss available evidence in pediatric neuromodulation while detailing the only randomized clinical trial in a pediatric developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. The reader is then directed to the use of intracranial neuromodulation in special circumstances and the rising trend in StereoEEG implantation of thalamic nuclei during presurgical monitoring in an attempt to further personalize individual therapy while circling back to challenges in getting insurance approval for off-label use in pediatric DRE.</p>","PeriodicalId":15516,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology","volume":"42 6","pages":"481-485"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144955372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biomarkers for Epilepsy Deep Brain Stimulation.","authors":"Gloria Ortiz-Guerrero, Nicholas M Gregg","doi":"10.1097/WNP.0000000000001189","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WNP.0000000000001189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Summary: </strong>Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus is an FDA-approved therapy for drug-resistant focal epilepsy. Recent advances in device technology, thalamic stereotactic-EEG, and chronic sensing have deepened our understanding of corticothalamic networks in epilepsy and identified promising biomarkers to guide and personalize DBS. In this review, we examine electrophysiological, imaging, and clinical biomarkers relevant to epilepsy DBS, with a focus on their potential to support seizure detection, target engagement, network excitability tracking, and seizure risk forecasting. We highlight emerging insights from thalamic sEEG, including both passive recordings and active stimulation protocols, which enable mapping and modulation of large-scale brain networks. The capabilities of clinical sensing-enabled DBS systems are reviewed. As device functionality and biomarker discovery evolve, concerted translational efforts are needed to realize a new paradigm of personalized DBS in epilepsy.</p>","PeriodicalId":15516,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"486-492"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144649537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reilly F Philliben, Shanna M Swartwood, Audie C Espinoza
{"title":"Responsive Neurostimulation for Treatment of Drug-Resistant Epilepsy in a Child With Dravet Syndrome.","authors":"Reilly F Philliben, Shanna M Swartwood, Audie C Espinoza","doi":"10.1097/WNP.0000000000001190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/WNP.0000000000001190","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Summary: </strong>Dravet syndrome is an intractable developmental and epileptic encephalopathy caused primarily by SCN1A haploinsufficiency, leading to impaired NaV1.1 sodium channel function and reduced inhibitory signaling. Despite treatment with antiseizure medications, many patients remain drug resistant, necessitating alternative approaches such as neuromodulation. Responsive neurostimulation (RNS), which detects and responds to abnormal brain activity in real time, has shown promise in generalized epilepsy by targeting the thalamus. Thalamic stimulation can disrupt abnormal oscillatory activity, potentially reducing seizure frequency and severity. This report presents a 7-year-old girl with Dravet syndrome in the setting of a pathogenic SCN1A variant and drug-resistant epilepsy, who experienced numerous generalized seizures daily. After extensive testing and multiple antiseizure medication trials, RNS was implanted with bilateral centromedian nucleus of the thalamus depth electrodes. At her most recent clinic visit, she exhibited a 50% to 75% reduction in seizure frequency, with resolution of myoclonic and myoclonic-atonic seizures. Her family reported significant reductions in rescue medication use, seizure duration, and seizure severity after RNS implantation. This case adds to the growing evidence supporting the use and safety of RNS in pediatric patients with drug-resistant generalized epilepsy and is the first reported instance of RNS treatment in a patient with Dravet syndrome. Although the initial results are promising, further research is needed to explore the long-term efficacy, safety, and neurodevelopmental impacts of RNS in this population. This case highlights the importance of continued research and clinical innovation in neuromodulation therapies for Dravet syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":15516,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sofia Pantis, Dian Lyu, Weichen Huang, Abby Kwon, Claire Cheng, Anna Duong, Eileen Ma, Kieran C R Fox, Josef Parvizi
{"title":"Mapping the Effects of Intracranial Electrical Stimulation of the Human Orbitofrontal Cortex.","authors":"Sofia Pantis, Dian Lyu, Weichen Huang, Abby Kwon, Claire Cheng, Anna Duong, Eileen Ma, Kieran C R Fox, Josef Parvizi","doi":"10.1097/WNP.0000000000001184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/WNP.0000000000001184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Prior findings on direct intracranial electrical stimulation (iES) of the human orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), which includes the orbital and ventromedial prefrontal regions, have been mixed, with several reports lacking replication. We aimed to clarify the effects of iES in the OFC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from 608 stimulations across 277 OFC site pairs (352 sites total) in 49 patients collected over 17 years of our practice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found 24.4% of sites as responsive to iES, with subjects reporting visual and olfactory sensations. However, post hoc analysis revealed that these responses largely originated from the stimulation of nearby non-OFC optic and olfactory structures. After applying quality controls, stimulation of only 0.6% of OFC sites (2 sites, 2 patients) produced changes in subjective domain, while 99.4% had no reportable effects. Contrary to earlier studies, we found no evidence of valence lateralization or functional organization within the OFC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that the electrical perturbation of OFC is largely silent and does not lead to reportable change in the subjective state of the individual.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>Orbitofrontal cortex is a higher transmodal cortical area. The variability and limited replicability of reported effects from prior publications and the inconsistencies in the extant literature about OFC stimulations can be attributed to methodological shortcomings.</p>","PeriodicalId":15516,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144600615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}