Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing最新文献

{"title":"Assessing fluid responsiveness by using functional hemodynamic tests in critically ill patients: a narrative review and a profile-based clinical guide.","authors":"Antonio Messina, Domenico Luca Grieco, Valeria Alicino, Guia Margherita Matronola, Andrea Brunati, Massimo Antonelli, Michelle S Chew, Maurizio Cecconi","doi":"10.1007/s10877-024-01255-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10877-024-01255-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fluids are given with the purpose of increasing cardiac output (CO), but approximately only 50% of critically ill patients are fluid responders. Since the effect of a fluid bolus is time-sensitive, it diminuish within few hours, following the initial fluid resuscitation. Several functional hemodynamic tests (FHTs), consisting of maneuvers affecting heart-lung interactions, have been conceived to discriminate fluid responders from non-responders. Three main variables affect the reliability of FHTs in predicting fluid responsiveness: (1) tidal volume; (2) spontaneous breathing activity; (3) cardiac arrythmias. Most FTHs have been validated in sedated or even paralyzed ICU patients, since, historically, controlled mechanical ventilation with high tidal volumes was the preferred mode of ventilatory support. The transition to contemporary methods of invasive mechanical ventilation with spontaneous breathing activity impacts heart-lung interactions by modifying intrathoracic pressure, tidal volumes and transvascular pressure in lung capillaries. These alterations and the heterogeneity in respiratory mechanics (that is present both in healthy and injured lungs) subsequently influence venous return and cardiac output. Cardiac arrythmias are frequently present in critically ill patients, especially atrial fibrillation, and intuitively impact on FHTs. This is due to the random CO fluctuations. Finally, the presence of continuous CO monitoring in ICU patients is not standard and the assessment of fluid responsiveness with surrogate methods is clinically useful, but also challenging. In this review we provide an algorithm for the use of FHTs in different subgroups of ICU patients, according to ventilatory setting, cardiac rhythm and the availability of continuous hemodynamic monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":15513,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing","volume":" ","pages":"481-493"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting intraoperative hypoxemia in lung resection surgery: assessing the utility of oxygen reserve index measurements during one-lung ventilation before pleural opening.","authors":"Sang-Wook Lee, Ji-Yoon Kim, Dae-Kee Choi","doi":"10.1007/s10877-025-01278-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10877-025-01278-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One-lung ventilation (OLV) is crucial for collapsing the lung and improving access to the operative field during lung surgery. Intraoperative OLV may increase the intrapulmonary shunt, potentially leading to intraoperative hypoxemia. The Oxygen Reserve Index (ORI) is a continuous, noninvasive parameter that provides a broader range of oxygen reserve data than conventional oxygen saturation measurements. We aimed to determine whether ORI values measured during OLV before pleural opening are reliable predictors of intraoperative hypoxemia. We included 113 adult patients who underwent lung resection surgery at a tertiary medical center between January 2024 and April 2024. Patients were positioned laterally for surgery, and preemptive OLV was performed with a tidal volume of 5 mL/kg and a fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO₂) of 60% for at least 5 min before pleural opening, with concurrent ORI measurements. ORI values obtained during this period were analyzed using ROC curve analysis to predict intraoperative hypoxemia (SaO₂ ≤ 90%). AUC values were compared using DeLong's test. Among the 113 patients, 13 (11.5%) developed intraoperative hypoxemia. The predictive power of ORI measured 5 min after initiating OLV for intraoperative hypoxemia was reflected by an AUC of 0.955 (95% CI: 0.899-1.000). Additionally, the predictive power of the change in ORI over 5 min for intraoperative hypoxemia was demonstrated by an AUC of 0.966 (95% CI: 0.935-0.997). The optimal cut-off values for the ORI and its change measured 5 min after preemptive OLV to predict intraoperative hypoxemia were 0.040 and 0.110, respectively. In patients receiving OLV during lung surgery, ORI values and their changes measured during preemptive OLV before pleural opening can predict intraoperative hypoxemia. These findings support an individualized approach to intraoperative FiO₂ management, which may help prevent unnecessary oxygen overdose and enable early identification and intervention in patients at high risk of hypoxemia during OLV.</p>","PeriodicalId":15513,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing","volume":" ","pages":"631-639"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuous measurement of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV_cf.) during general anaesthesia using Doppler: a preliminary study.","authors":"Théophile Harlé, Jona Joachim, Pierre Boutouyrie, Joaquim Mateo, Jade Perdereau, Alexandre Mebazaa, Jérome Cartailler, Fabrice Vallée","doi":"10.1007/s10877-024-01256-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10877-024-01256-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explores the feasibility of continuous pulse wave velocity (PWV) monitoring during general anaesthesia (GA), particularly in response to blood pressure fluctuations. Our aim is to evaluate whether dynamic PWV can provide new insight to detect cardiovascular risks. From December 2022 to February 2023, continuous carotid and femoral Doppler monitoring was performed on patients scheduled for surgery with GA, to collect PWV data at awakening (PWV_AW) and during GA (PWV_GA). The study investigated PWV's response to MAP fluctuations using the α-angle, a dynamic stiffness parameter. We evaluated PWV and α-angle efficacy in discriminating between low (CVR-) and high (CVR+) cardiovascular risk patients. Among 43 patients, 41 (95%) had successful PWV measurements. PWV_AW was significantly higher than PWV_GA (8.1 vs. 7.4 m.s^-1, p < 0.0001). This difference vanished after matching MAP levels. A strong correlation was found between PWV_AW and PWV_GA (r = 0.88, and r = 0.97 at the same MAP levels). PWV_GA, α-angle and their product (α x PWV_GA) were significantly higher in CVR + patients (8.1 vs. 6.9 m.s^-1, p < 0.01; 2.6 vs. 1.3 degrees, p < 0.001; 21.8 vs. 8.1 degrees.m.s^-1, p < 0.001, respectively), with AUC values indicating good predictive capabilities for cardiovascular risk (PWV_GA: AUC [95%CI] = 0.80 [0.65-0.95]; α-angle: 0.83 [0.69-0.96]; product: 0.86 [0.74-0.97]). Measurement of PWV under GA using carotid and femoral Doppler is a feasible method to continuously assess arterial stiffness under general anaesthesia. Further studies are required to validate the α-angle parameter in different physiological conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15513,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing","volume":" ","pages":"495-503"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143624909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated and reference methods for the calculation of left ventricular outflow tract velocity time integral or ejection fraction by non-cardiologists: a systematic review on the agreement of the two methods.","authors":"Filipe André Gonzalez, Mateusz Zawadka, Rita Varudo, Simone Messina, Alessandro Caruso, Cristina Santonocito, Michel Slama, Filippo Sanfilippo","doi":"10.1007/s10877-024-01259-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10877-024-01259-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Echocardiography is crucial for evaluating patients at risk of clinical deterioration. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and velocity time integral (VTI) aid in diagnosing shock, but bedside calculations can be time-consuming and prone to variability. Artificial intelligence technology shows promise in providing assistance to clinicians performing point-of-care echocardiography. We conducted a systematic review, utilizing a comprehensive literature search on PubMed, to evaluate the interchangeability of LVEF and/or VTI measurements obtained through automated mode as compared to the echocardiographic reference methods in non-cardiology settings, e.g., Simpson´s method (LVEF) or manual trace (VTI). Eight studies were included, four studying automated-LVEF, three automated-VTI, and one both. When reported, the feasibility of automated measurements ranged from 78.4 to 93.3%. The automated-LVEF had a mean bias ranging from 0 to 2.9% for experienced operators and from 0% to -10.2% for non-experienced ones, but in both cases, with wide limits of agreement (LoA). For the automated-VTI, the mean bias ranged between - 1.7 cm and - 1.9 cm. The correlation between automated and reference methods for automated-LVEF ranged between 0.63 and 0.86 for experienced and between 0.56 and 0.81 for non-experienced operators. Only one study reported a correlation between automated-VTI and manual VTI (0.86 for experienced and 0.79 for non-experienced operators). We found limited studies reporting the interchangeability of automated LVEF or VTI measurements versus a reference approach. The accuracy and precision of these automated methods should be considered within the clinical context and decision-making. Such variability could be acceptable, especially in the hands of trained operators. PROSPERO number CRD42024564868.</p>","PeriodicalId":15513,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing","volume":" ","pages":"505-515"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142894840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuous vital sign monitoring with Biobeat^® wearable devices for post-ambulatory surgery patients: a pilot feasibility study.","authors":"Julien Belliveau, Léo Pilote, Elliot Grange, Cédrick Zaouter, Maxim Roy, Florian Robin","doi":"10.1007/s10877-025-01276-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10877-025-01276-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Improvement in anesthesia and surgical practices has enabled more patients, including those undergoing higher-risk surgeries, to be treated in outpatient settings. This shift creates a need for reliable postoperative monitoring at home. Wearable devices like the Biobeat^® offer continuous, real-time monitoring of vital signs have remained largely untested for home use in this context.A prospective, single-center observational study was conducted at the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM) from February to August 2023. Fifty eligible patients underwent continuous monitoring with the Biobeat^® device for five days post-surgery, with data transmitted to CHUM's telehealth service. Feasibility was assessed by the percentage of patients without data loss during consecutive 2-hour intervals.Of the 50 patients enrolled, 49 completed the study, but all experienced some level of data loss. While 39.6% of patients maintained connectivity without complete data loss for 6-8-hour intervals, challenges included device discomfort, Bluetooth disconnection, and connectivity issues. Thirteen patients removed the device early due to discomfort or technical issues. Of the 3 patients who experienced post-operative complications, no data was available within 24 h prior to the episodes. Continuous vital signs monitoring is feasible for high-risk outpatient surgery patients; however, significant improvements are required in device reliability and data accessibility. Further studies are needed to refine the technology and develop reliable protocols for postoperative monitoring in the home setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":15513,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing","volume":" ","pages":"523-531"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulse rate variability as a predictor for length of stay for patients with bronchiolitis in the pediatric intensive care unit.","authors":"Soon Bin Kwon, Bennett Weinerman, Daniel Nametz, Tammam Alalqum, Isaac S Lee, Murad Megjhani, Son H McLaren, Benjamin Ranard, Yunseo Ku, Andrew Geneslaw, Soojin Park","doi":"10.1007/s10877-025-01287-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10877-025-01287-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients admitted to pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) due to bronchiolitis have unpredictable length of stay (LOS). The aim of this study is to observe the difference in the relationship between pulse rate variability (PRV) and heart rate variability (HRV) for patients with bronchiolitis admitted to the PICU and its association with LOS. The first 12 h of physiologic data after PICU admission were used for analysis. Electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmogram (PPG) were divided into non-overlapping 5-minute segments, and R-peak and PPG-peak were obtained to calculate PRV and HRV. Correlation was calculated between HRV and PRV for both PICU short-stay and long-stay groups. A total of 119 patients were included in this study, where 66 are short-stay and 53 are long-stay group. For both LOS groups, PRV and HRV parameters were significantly higher HRV parameters compared to PRV. SDSD, SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50, SD1, and SD2 were 13.72, 10.24, 13.72, 0.77, 9.7, 10.6, and 0.85 for HRV. For PRV it was 5.88, 4.83, 5.88, 0.75, 4.16, 5.28, and 0.85. However, in the comparison of the correlations between PRV and HRV parameters, the short-stay group had significantly higher correlation compared to the long-stay group. The correlations in the short-stay group are above 0.72-0.82, whereas for the long-stay group the correlation ranged from 0.29 to 0.67. This study demonstrates that the correlation between the PRV and HRV is lower in patients with longer length of stay, suggesting this can be a potential metric for LOS in PICU.</p>","PeriodicalId":15513,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing","volume":" ","pages":"533-539"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NIRS monitoring missing brain death in an ECMO patient.","authors":"Nawfel Ben-Hamouda, Zied Ltaief, Matthias Kirsch, Jean-Daniel Chiche, Andrea O Rossetti","doi":"10.1007/s10877-025-01280-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10877-025-01280-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15513,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing","volume":" ","pages":"641-643"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decision support guided fluid challenges and stroke volume response during high-risk surgery: a post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Sean Coeckelenbergh, Joseph Rinehart, Olivier Desebbe, Nicolas Rogoz, Amira Dagachi Mastouri, Bryan Maghen, Maxime Cannesson, Jean-Louis Vincent, Jacques Duranteau, Alexandre Joosten","doi":"10.1007/s10877-025-01261-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10877-025-01261-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intravenous fluid is administered during high-risk surgery to optimize stroke volume (SV). To assess ongoing need for fluids, the hemodynamic response to a fluid bolus is evaluated using a fluid challenge technique. The Acumen Assisted Fluid Management (AFM) system is a decision support tool designed to ease the application of fluid challenges and thus improve fluid administration during high-risk surgery. In this post hoc analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial, we compared the rates of fluid responsiveness (defined as an increase in SV of ≥ 10%) after AFM-guided or clinician-initiated (control) fluid challenges. Patients undergoing high-risk abdominal surgery were randomly allocated to AFM-guided or clinician-initiated groups for fluid challenges titration, which consisted of 250-mL boluses of crystalloid or albumin given over 5 min. The fluid responsiveness rates and the mean SV increase in the two groups were compared. The original study included 86 patients (44 in the AFM group and 42 in the clinician-initiated group) and this sub-study analysed 85 patients with a total of 448 fluid challenges. The median rate of fluid responsiveness was greater in the AFM than in the control group (50 [44-71] % vs 33 [20-40] %, p<0.001). The mean increase in SV after fluid challenge was also higher in the AFM than in the control group (12 [9-16] % vs 6 [3-10] %, p<0.001). AFM-initiated fluid challenges were more often associated with the desired increase in SV than were clinician-initiated fluid challenges, and absolute SV increases were greater.</p>","PeriodicalId":15513,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing","volume":" ","pages":"517-522"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143006158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing drivers of change in intraoperative cerebral saturation using supervised machine learning.","authors":"Philip J Pries, W Alan C Mutch, Duane J Funk","doi":"10.1007/s10877-025-01265-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10877-025-01265-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO₂) is used to monitor cerebral perfusion with emerging evidence that optimization of rSO₂ may improve neurological and non-neurological outcomes. To manipulate rSO₂ an understanding of the variables that drive its behavior is necessary, and this can be accomplished using supervised machine learning. This study aimed to establish a hierarchy by which various hemodynamic and ventilatory variables contribute to intraoperative changes in rSO₂. A post-hoc analysis 146 patients undergoing high risk surgery. rSO₂ was partitioned into segments with a change of at least 3% points over 5 min. Features from hemodynamic and ventilatory variables were used to train a machine learning classification algorithm (XGBoost) for prediction of association with either up or down-sloping rSO₂. The classifier was optimized and validated using five-fold cross validation. Feature importance was quantified based on information gain and permutation feature importance. The optimized classifier demonstrated a mean accuracy of 77.1% (SD 8.0%) and a mean area-under-ROC-curve of 0.86 (SD 0.06). The most important features based on information gain were the slope of the associated ETCO₂ signal, the slope of the SPO₂ signal, and the mean of the MAP signal. CO₂ is a significant mediator of changes in rSO₂ in an intraoperative setting, through its established effects on cerebral blood flow. This study furthers our overall understanding of the complex physiologic process that governs cerebral oxygenation by quantifying the hierarchy by which rSO₂ is affected. Clinical Trial Number NCT01838733 (ClinicalTrials.gov).</p>","PeriodicalId":15513,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing","volume":" ","pages":"559-569"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143370832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of cardiopulmonary bypass flow on the lower limit of cerebral autoregulation during cardiac surgery: a randomized cross-over pilot study.","authors":"Olivier Desebbe, Antoine Berna, Alexandre Joosten, Darren Raphael, Ghislain Malapert, Dimitri Rolo, Fabio Silvio Taccone, Laurent Gergele","doi":"10.1007/s10877-025-01290-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10877-025-01290-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Assessment of cerebral autoregulation is challenging under different hemodynamic conditions during cardiac surgery and must be rapidly calculated in order to optimize mean arterial pressure (MAP). Whether systemic flow during cardiopulmonary bypass impacts the lower limit of cerebral autoregulation (LLA) remains unclear. Forty patients requiring cardiac surgery were included in this randomized crossover study. Patients assigned to the conventional/high blood flow arm received 20 min of conventional cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) blood flow (2.2 L/min.m^-²) followed by 20 min of high blood flow (2.8 L/min.m^-²), both during aortic cross clamping. Patients assigned to the high/conventional arm received the same flows but in reverse order. During each 20-minute period, MAP was gradually increased from 40 to 90 mmHg, while PaCO₂, hematocrit, depth of anesthesia, central temperature and arterial oxygen tension were kept constant. Continuous cerebral blood flow velocities of the middle cerebral artery (Fv) were monitored using transcranial doppler. Cerebral autoregulation was calculated using a Pearson's correlation coefficient (Mean flow index, Mxa) between the MAP and Fv. Mxa values were then plotted across MAP ranges. The LLA was defined as the corresponding MAP value when Mxa initially decreased and crossed the threshold value of 0.4. A mixed model, including the LLA as the dependent variable, the CPB flow and period as fixed effects and patients as a random effect was used to compare conventional and high CPB flows. Thirty-seven patients were analyzed. The LLA mean difference between groups, adjusted on the period, was - 2.8 (SE 2.4) mmHg with 95% CI [-7.8, + 2.1 mmHg], p = 0.2538). 24% of patients presented an LLA < 65 mmHg during the conventional CPB flow phase versus 35% during the high CPB flow phase. Increasing the cardiopulmonary pump flow did not decrease the LLA during cardiac surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":15513,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing","volume":" ","pages":"571-580"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143968405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}