{"title":"Distortion of radiation patterns for leakage power transmitted through attenuating cover panels and shielding gaskets-need for reverberation chamber measurement of total leakage power","authors":"J. Quine, A. Pesta, J.P. Streeter, E.A. Surowic","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1994.385645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1994.385645","url":null,"abstract":"Measurements are presented on the free-space radiation patterns from large apertures (>/spl lambda/) covered with an attenuating plastic cover panel that employs fibers or metal mesh to produce absorption. It is shown that the patterns can be significantly and unpredictably distorted due to non-uniform transmission through the panel caused by variations in material composition throughout the volume of the panel. The results also show that leakage around the edges of the panel can have a significant effect. Due to the complexity and unpredictability of these patterns, it is concluded that the total leakage power cannot be measured readily in an anechoic chamber, but can be measured most readily if the panel radiates into a reverberation chamber.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":154914,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"158 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131718871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reduced radiated emission by application of the SNT","authors":"F. Leferink","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1994.385603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1994.385603","url":null,"abstract":"The signal-to-noise transformation (SNT) is applied on practical circuits. Using this method, radiated emission levels caused by printed circuit board transmission lines can be predicted in a simple manner. Measurement results are compared with the predicted levels.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":154914,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134414235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electromagnetic leakage through slot configurations in a shielded enclosure","authors":"G. Kunkel","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1994.385647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1994.385647","url":null,"abstract":"The electromagnetic leakage through a seam or gasketed joint for any given frequency is directly proportional to the voltage across the seam (or gasketed joint), where the voltage is the result of currents which cross the seam. This is true for both the E and H fields. Testing has been performed to illustrate the relationship by use of a shielded enclosure with a 450 mm long by 2 mm wide slot. The E field and H field, one meter from the slot, are measured and documented over the frequency range of 10 kHz through 50 MHz. Two-methods are used to drive current across the seam for three conditions. These conditions are: (1) the 450 mm slot; (2) the 450 mm slot with 10 mm long gaskets at 150 mm spacing; and (3) the 450 mm slot with 10 mm long gaskets at 75 mm spacing.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":154914,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130864763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Hoeft, D. McLemore, B. Burton, S. Kokorowski, J. Pratt, W. Prather
{"title":"Swept frequency single point excitation technique for measuring the shielding of aircraft","authors":"L. Hoeft, D. McLemore, B. Burton, S. Kokorowski, J. Pratt, W. Prather","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1994.385612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1994.385612","url":null,"abstract":"A swept frequency single point excitation technique has been demonstrated which shows great promise for measuring the exterior-field to cable current transfer functions of well shielded aircraft without using special facilities. These measurements showed that good signal-to-noise ratios could be maintained when measuring currents on the cores of well shielded cables using only 15 W of power. Reproducibility of the measurements was good up to 80 or 100 MHz. Comparison of the peak current induced by an EMP simulator to the current transfer function measured using the swept frequency single point excitation technique showed that the two techniques displayed the same trends, however, there was some scatter in the data (about a factor of 2 or 3). The peak current response obtained using the EMP simulator appeared to be directly proportional to the magnitude of the current transfer function at 2.7 MHz. At 80 MHz, the peak current appeared to be proportional to the square root of transfer function.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":154914,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114065788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Hockanson, J. Drewniak, T. Hubing, T. van Doren
{"title":"Application of the finite-difference time-domain method to radiation from shielded enclosures","authors":"D. Hockanson, J. Drewniak, T. Hubing, T. van Doren","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1994.385679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1994.385679","url":null,"abstract":"The finite-difference time-domain method is applied to the analysis of radiation from shielding enclosures with internal sources. Results from the three-dimensional code which has been developed are compared with analytical results from waveguide problems and the Lawrence Livermore TSAR code. Two enclosure examples are given to demonstrate the utility of the FDTD method for this application. One example is for radiation from slots, and the other is coupling of energy from a nonresonant aperture to an attached shielded cable that results in enhanced radiation.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":154914,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"87 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127416024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lightning distribution through earthing systems","authors":"A. Rakotomalala, P. Auriol, A. Rousseau","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1994.385613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1994.385613","url":null,"abstract":"Surge protective devices (SPDs) are categorised into lightning current arresters, arresters and suppressors. They must be coordinated taking into account their maximum surge current capacities, the used low-voltage power distribution system, the telephone line, the water pipe, the medium-to-low voltage transformer, the earth electrode impedance and neighbouring residences/buildings. The aim of this study is to determine the sharing of the current, in time domain, and the stress on the various SPD in terms of current or energy. A method for computing the effects of a direct lightning stroke on the protection system of a residence is presented. We used EMTP (electromagnetic transients program) to perform the necessary calculations. For each element we had to use usual models (as for varistors, gaps and lightning rod) or create some models (as for earthing, water pipes and transformer). It has been possible to simulate many cases of course but in order to give indications of the trends we selected some basic cases based on typical French low voltage networks.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":154914,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127470464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Broadband EMI shielding for electro-optical systems","authors":"C. Bright","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1994.385634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1994.385634","url":null,"abstract":"Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding of apertures in electro-optical (EO) systems can be accomplished generally by transparent electrically conductive (EC) coatings, wire meshes or opaque EC coatings patterned to form meshes. The shielding effectiveness (SE) of these methods are studied both analytically and experimentally. The shielding due to both absorption and reflection as a function of frequency was evaluated. EO systems often use aperture windows made of dielectric or semiconductive material which transmit in the optical waveband(s) of interest. The effect of the substrate material on the SE of the both deposited transparent EC coatings and on opaque mesh patterned EC coatings is examined. The broadband shielding benefits of using aperture windows with EC coatings deposited on semiconductive window substrates is proposed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":154914,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127727378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A method to predict time domain steady state ripple and time integrated EMI safety margins in power systems","authors":"D. Brumbaugh","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1994.385688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1994.385688","url":null,"abstract":"A method is presented for predicting time domain steady state ripple voltages in aircraft and aerospace power systems. The method utilizes conducted emissions limits and test data from the equipment and subsystems on the power bus, and a frequency domain bus impedance characterization of the power source. The method is also extended to predict an integrated EMI safety margin (EMISM) relative to a given conducted susceptibility voltage. Calculated results are compared to measurements on an integrated system.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":154914,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121334569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Ishino, T. Morikawa, T. Saito, Y. Hashimoto, Y. Shimizu
{"title":"Realization of compact semi- and fully anechoic chambers using a new developed composite absorber","authors":"K. Ishino, T. Morikawa, T. Saito, Y. Hashimoto, Y. Shimizu","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1994.385614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1994.385614","url":null,"abstract":"The shape of a composite absorber consisting of ferrite and dielectric lossy material was investigated to reduce the length of the absorber and improve the reflection coefficient in the low frequency range by effectively changing the cross section of the dielectric lossy materials towards the direction of the length. It was found that the most suitable change of cross section was logarithmic function. Consequently, the length of the absorber could be reduced by 35% of that of the former composite absorber and the size of the anechoic chambers with the newly developed absorber could be reduced by 20%.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":154914,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114568713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An update of CCIR business and residential noise levels","authors":"W. Lauber, J. Bertrand, P.R. Bouliane","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1994.385632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1994.385632","url":null,"abstract":"The results of a major survey of business, residential and rural man-made noise levels carried out in the Continental United States between 1966 and 1971 formed the basis of the CCIR model for man-made noise (CCIR Report 258-5). With the vast increase in electronic equipment over the past decade, there is a general feeling that there has been a significant increase in background noise levels, in urban areas. In 1993, measurements of the man-made noise levels were made in business areas of Montreal and Ottawa and in residential Ottawa. The results of these measurements tend to show that there has been no significant increase, and in fact, they tend to show a decrease in noise level, caused in part by the practice of using buried powerlines rather than overhead powerlines.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":154914,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114701828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}