Journal of Composites Science最新文献

{"title":"Utilization of Spent Coffee Grounds as a Sustainable Resource for the Synthesis of Bioplastic Composites with Polylactic Acid, Starch, and Sucrose","authors":"Sri Yustikasari Masssijaya, M. A. R. Lubis, R. C. Nissa, Yeyen Nurhamiyah, Pramono Nugroho, P. Antov, S. Lee, Antonios N. Papadopoulos, Sukma Surya Kusumah, Lina Karlinasari","doi":"10.3390/jcs7120512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs7120512","url":null,"abstract":"Polylactic Acid (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer, but the cost of PLA is not competitive compared to polyolefins. The development of bioplastic composites by blending PLA with spent coffee grounds (SCG) and thermoplastic starch (TPS) is an effective way to reduce the cost of PLA. This study aimed to investigate and evaluate the feasibility of using SCG to develop bioplastic composite materials with a blend of PLA and TPS. Bioplastics were fabricated with various SCG contents (5, 10, 15 wt%). The physical and mechanical characteristics of the bioplastic composite decreased as the SCG content increased owing to the higher aggregation caused by SCG dust. However, the bioplastics manufactured with the addition of SCG exhibited enhanced crystallinity, resulting in enhanced thermal properties compared to the composites without SCG. The best characteristics of bioplastics, obtained with a 5% SCG addition, were as follows: water vapor transmission rate of 1276 g d/m2, water vapor permeability (WVP) of 1.86256 × 10−7 g/ms Pa, Young’s modulus of 420 MPa, elongation of 2.59%, and tensile strength of 5 MPa. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the addition of SCG is not recommended for improving the physical and mechanical properties of bioplastics. However, owing to its large content of organic compounds, SCG represents a promising and low-cost functional material that can be exploited in the development of various value-added products.","PeriodicalId":15435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":"1 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138591629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrophilic–Hydrophobic Properties of the Surface of Modified Carbonate Fillers for Asphalt","authors":"M.S. Lebedev, V. Yadykina, Andrey Akimov, Marina Kozhukhova, Ekaterina Kuznetsova","doi":"10.3390/jcs7120507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs7120507","url":null,"abstract":"The physicochemical modification of the filler allows changing the hydrophilic–hydrophobic properties and effectively influencing the processes occurring at the filler–binder interface, on which the physicomechanical characteristics of composites largely depend. The paper presents studies related to the modification of limestone-based filler effect on the degree of its hydrophobicity and wetting with liquids of different polarity, establishing the relationship between the characteristics of hydrophobized mineral powders and the adsorption capacity in relation to water. Using mechanochemical processing with hydrophobic components GF-1 and GF-2, it was possible to obtain fillers with a sufficiently high content of hydrophobic particles (58.2% and 85.9%, respectively). It was found that the results of the contact angle (123.6° and 114.5°, respectively) and the degree of hydrophobicity do not quite correlate with each other. It was noticed that the contact angle on the powder modified with GF-1 decreases with time. Studies of the powders’ thermal effects wetting of different polarity liquids via microcalorimetry allows us to establish that with an increase in the filler hydrophobicity degree, the integral heat of immersion decreases due to a significant decrease in the probability of chemical interactions between water and powder due to the adsorption of applied surfactants molecules on the limestone active centers. The revealed endothermic effects indicate the occurrence of physical interactions due to non-polar dispersion forces. Differences in the nature of heat release and heat absorption in modified fillers indicate significant differences in the composition and mechanism of action of the used surfactants, which affected the efficiency of hydrophobization. At the same time, a linear dependence of the moisture absorption and moisture indicators, determined by independent experiments, on the degree of hydrophobicity was established.","PeriodicalId":15435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":"79 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138600273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavior of Calcium Compounds under Hydrothermal Conditions during Alkaline Leaching of Aluminosilicates with the Synthesis of Fillers for Composites","authors":"R. Abdulvaliyev, N. Akhmadiyeva, S. Gladyshev, Nazira Samenova, Olga Kolesnikova, Olimpiada Mankesheva","doi":"10.3390/jcs7120508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs7120508","url":null,"abstract":"Calcium oxide plays an important role in alumina production by binding SiO2 from aluminosilicate raw materials (bauxite, nepheline, kaolinite, etc.) in aluminum-free compounds. The efficiency of the hydrochemical technology depends on the activities of calcium oxide or its compounds introduced into the alkaline aluminosilicate slurry. In this paper, we considered the effects of different calcium compounds (calcium carbonate CaCO3, gypsum CaSO4·H2O, calcium oxide CaO and calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2), introduced during the hydrothermal stripping of aluminosilicates with alkaline solutions, on the degree of aluminum oxide extraction, with the subsequent production of fillers for composites. Ca(OH)2 was obtained by the CaO quenching method. Extraction of Al2O3 in an alkaline solution was only possible with Ca(OH)2, and the degree of extraction depended on the conditions used for CaO quenching. The effects of temperature and of the duration of CaO quenching on particle size were investigated. In potassium solution, the best results for Al2O3 extraction were obtained using CaSO4·H2O gypsum. The obtained solutions were processed using the crystallization method.","PeriodicalId":15435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":"31 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138600835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glass-Containing Matrices Based on Borosilicate Glasses for the Immobilization of Radioactive Wastes","authors":"Olga N. Koroleva, L. A. Nevolina, N. Korobatova","doi":"10.3390/jcs7120505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs7120505","url":null,"abstract":"Glass-containing materials are widely considered among the most reliable materials for the immobilization of radioactive waste materials. The present work considers the synthesis of glass–ceramic and glass crystalline composite materials based on borosilicate glasses. The synthesis of glass–ceramic materials was carried out by a gradual temperature decrease, followed by crystallization for several hours. Sintering of crushed samples with crystalline components was carried out as an alternative procedure. Porous glasses were produced from glass melts by quenching. After impregnating the resulting porous materials with aqueous solutions of cesium nitrate, compaction of the glass was carried out to form glass crystalline composites. The thermochemical characteristics of the parent glasses were determined using the differential scanning calorimetry method. The phase composition and structure of the glass-containing materials were determined using X-ray phase analysis, X-ray spectral microanalysis, and Raman spectroscopy.","PeriodicalId":15435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":"31 40","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138601595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural Fibers Composites: Origin, Importance, Consumption Pattern, and Challenges","authors":"Devyani Thapliyal, Sarojini Verma, Pramita Sen, Rahul Kumar, Amit K. Thakur, A. Tiwari, Dhananjay Singh, G. Verros, R. Arya","doi":"10.3390/jcs7120506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs7120506","url":null,"abstract":"This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted world of natural fiber applications within the domain of composite materials. Natural fibers are meticulously examined in detail, considering their diverse origins, which encompass plant-derived fibers (cellulose-based), animal-derived fibers (protein-based), and even mineral-derived variations. This review conducts a profound analysis, not only scrutinizing their chemical compositions, intricate structures, and inherent physical properties but also highlighting their wide-ranging applications across various industries. The investigation extends to composites utilizing mineral or polymer matrices, delving into their synergistic interplay and the resulting material properties. Furthermore, this review does not limit itself to the intrinsic attributes of natural fibers but ventures into the realm of innovative enhancements. The exploration encompasses the augmentation of composites through the integration of natural fibers, including the incorporation of nano-fillers, offering a compelling avenue for further research and technological development. In conclusion, this review synthesizes a comprehensive understanding of the pivotal role of natural fibers in the realm of composite materials. It brings together insights from their diverse origins, intrinsic properties, and practical applications across sectors. As the final curtain is drawn, the discourse transcends the present to outline the trajectories of future work in the dynamic arena of natural fiber composites, shedding light on emerging trends that promise to shape the course of scientific and industrial advancements.","PeriodicalId":15435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":"34 33","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138601387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Gamma Irradiation on the AC Electrical Properties of Cross-Linked Epoxy Resin/Bisphenol A-Based Polycarbonate Composites","authors":"Ziad Alqudah, Hassan K. Juwhari, Z. Elimat","doi":"10.3390/jcs7120503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs7120503","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of gamma radiation on the AC electrical properties of highly cross-linked epoxy resin/bisphenol A-based polycarbonate samples have been investigated as a function of concentrations of bisphenol A-based polycarbonate, frequency, and temperature. The composite samples contained different bisphenol A-based polycarbonate concentrations of 0, 4, 8, 10, and 15 by wt%. The gamma irradiation process was performed at different gamma doses of 0, 100, 300, and 500 Gy. The AC electrical properties of the tested samples were studied before and after gamma irradiation within a frequency range of 200 kHz to 1 MHz. The results show that after irradiation, a consistent decrease in complex impedance values (Z∗) was observed, indicating an increase in conductivity due to radiation-induced scission of the composite structure. Dielectric properties, including the dielectric constant (εr) and dielectric loss (εi), exhibited an increase with higher doses and higher polycarbonate concentrations, signifying the formation of defect sites and charge carrier trapping. AC electrical conductivity (σac) displayed a notable rise post irradiation, with temperatures ranging from 30 °C to 110 °C, and higher radiation doses and higher temperatures led to increased conductivity. The activation energy ( Ea) decreased as the radiation dose increased, reflecting structural modifications induced by radiation.","PeriodicalId":15435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":"100 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138605715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of High-Temperature Tests on the Resistance to Degradation and Reduction in Strength Properties of Lithium-Containing Ceramics Used as Blanket Materials for Tritium Breeding","authors":"A. Kozlovskiy, G. Z. Moldabayeva, D. Shlimas, D. Borgekov, Vyacheslav S. Rusakov","doi":"10.3390/jcs7120504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs7120504","url":null,"abstract":"Conducting high-temperature tests on ceramics-containing lithium, which are employed as tritium breeding materials, plays a crucial role in comprehending their ability to withstand degradation and maintain their strength properties throughout operation. From the standpoint of fusion research, it is imperative to grasp these phenomena in order to guarantee the safety and effectiveness of reactors. Additionally, these factors could impact the choice of particular materials and designs for blanket materials. The primary objective of this research is to evaluate alterations in the strength characteristics of ceramics-containing lithium when subjected to high-temperature thermal stability tests, while also preserving the hardness stability and resistance to cracking in ceramics subjected to cyclic tests. Lithium-containing ceramics based on lithium titanate (Li2TiO3), lithium orthosilicate (Li4SiO4), and lithium methacyrconate (Li2ZrO3), having a high structural ordering degree and good strength properties, were chosen as objects for assessing resistance to high-temperature degradation. During the studies, it was discovered that the presence of interphase boundaries in the composition of ceramics linked to the development of impurity phases results in crack resistance growth during long-term high-temperature tests simulating the stress effect on the material. At the same time, an assessment of high-temperature aging as a result of modeling destruction processes showed that ceramics based on lithium metazirconate are the most resistant to degradation of strength properties. By simulating high-temperature aging processes, it became feasible to establish connections between structural alterations resulting from the thermal expansion of the crystal lattice and oxygen migration phenomena occurring at elevated temperatures. These factors collectively contribute to a detrimental reduction in the strength properties of ceramics-containing lithium.","PeriodicalId":15435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":"88 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138606287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructural Modification of Cold-Sprayed Ti-Cr3C2 Composite Coating by Laser Remelting","authors":"Vladislav S. Shikalov, Diana A. Katanaeva, T. Vidyuk, A. Golyshev, V. Kosarev, Elena E. Kornienko, Alexander G. Malikov, Victor V. Atuchin","doi":"10.3390/jcs7120500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs7120500","url":null,"abstract":"Laser processing is an effective post-treatment method for modifying the structure and improving the properties of cold-sprayed coatings. In the present work, the possibility of fabricating a hard and wear-resistant Ti-based cermet coating by cold spray followed by laser remelting was studied. A mixture of titanium and chromium carbide powders in a ratio of 60/40 wt.% was deposited by cold spray onto a titanium alloy substrate, which ensured the formation of a composite coating with a residual chromium carbide content of about 12–13 wt.%. The optimal values of laser beam power (2 kW) and scanning speed (75 mm/s) leading to the qualitative fusion of the coating with the substrate with minimal porosity and absence of defects were revealed. The microstructure and phase composition of as-sprayed and remelted coatings were examined with SEM, EDS and XRD analysis. It was shown that the phase composition of the as-sprayed coating did not change compared to the feedstock mixture, while the remelted coating was transformed into a β-Ti(Cr) solid solution with uniformly distributed nonstoichiometric TiCx particles. Due to the change in microstructure and phase composition, the remelted coating was characterized by an attractive combination of higher microhardness (437 HV0.1) and lower specific wear rate (0.25 × 10−3 mm3/N × m) under dry sliding wear conditions compared to the as-sprayed coating and substrate. Laser remelting of the coating resulted in a change in the dominant wear mechanism from oxidative–abrasive to oxidative–adhesive with delamination.","PeriodicalId":15435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":"86 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138606295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of In Situ Formation of a Titanium Carbide Nanohybrid via Mechanical Alloying Using Stearic Acid and Carbon Nanotubes as Carbon Sources","authors":"M. L. Camacho-Rios, G. Herrera-Pérez, Marco Antonio Ruiz Esparza-Rodríguez, Raúl Pérez-Bustamante, John Edison García-Herrera, J. Betancourt-Cantera, D. Lardizábal‐Gutiérrez","doi":"10.3390/jcs7120502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs7120502","url":null,"abstract":"The current work shows the optimization of the preparation of nanosized titanium carbide in situ through mechanical alloying. Metallic titanium powders, along with two carbon sources, carbon nanotubes, and stearic acid, were used to reduce the particle size (around 11 nm) using an SPEX 800 high-energy mill. The combined use of 2 wt % of these carbon sources and n-heptane as a liquid process control agent proved crucial in generating nanoscale powder composites through a simple and scalable synthesis process within a 4 h timeframe. The uses of 20 wt % of both carbon sources were compared to determine the ability of carbon nanotubes to form carbides and the decomposition of process control agent during mechanical milling. The structure of the composites and starting materials were evaluated through X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, while the morphology features (average particle size and shape) were monitored via scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.","PeriodicalId":15435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":"84 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138606302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies of the Possibility of Improving the Quality of Iron Ores and Processing of Technogenic Composite Iron-Containing Waste of Metallurgical Production","authors":"Dauren Yessengaliev, Marzhan Mukhametkhan, Yerlan Mukhametkhan, Gulnar Zhabalova, Bauyrzhan Kelamanov, Olga Kolesnikova, Bakhytzhan Shyngysbayev, Laura Aikozova, Kuralay Kaskataeva, Yerbol Kuatbay","doi":"10.3390/jcs7120501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs7120501","url":null,"abstract":"Ferrous metallurgy has been and remains one of the main types of production activities that enables humanity to extract, process and produce basic equipment for all types of activities. The growth of ore production as well as the reduction in world reserves of the raw material base have lead to the search for effective methods of processing and preparation of waste for metallurgical processing. The mining and metallurgical sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which has its an integrated mining and metallurgical complex with its own coal, iron ore, and energy base, uses iron ores from several deposits. It also includes ash and sludge storage tanks, which store valuable metallurgical waste, such as converter production sludge, rolling scale, and others, the use of which is hindered by the presence of certain harmful impurities in the composition (a rather high content of non-ferrous metals, especially zinc, a high content of oils, etc.). These valuable technological wastes require additional research that may contribute to their use as a charge or as iron-containing components of the charge. Based on the urgency of the tasks of dephosphorylation of iron ores and utilization of human-made waste (converter sludge and rolling scale), studies were conducted to try to eliminate existing problems. The results of the research work make it possible to obtain metals based on prepared pellets with a significantly low phosphorus content; this will enable the use of an oiled rolling scale and converter sludge for the production of a metalized product for steel smelting. The resulting metalized products make it possible to dispose of scale and converter sludge by 70%, and the degree of iron extraction exceeds existing methods by 1–3.5% (92.1–94% vs. 95.6%).","PeriodicalId":15435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":"67 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138606680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}