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Belt and Road Initiative: A Debate in Context with the New World Order with Chinese Characteristics “一带一路”倡议:中国特色世界新秩序背景下的辩论
Global International Relations Review Pub Date : 2022-03-30 DOI: 10.31703/girr.2022(v-i).04
M. N. Akhter
{"title":"Belt and Road Initiative: A Debate in Context with the New World Order with Chinese Characteristics","authors":"M. N. Akhter","doi":"10.31703/girr.2022(v-i).04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/girr.2022(v-i).04","url":null,"abstract":"The existing global governance system in which an unparalleled growth of China is exceedingly constrained and overwhelmed by the US and its allies. President Xi’s all-encompassing foreign policy such as the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) primarily seeks out to develop the much-needed infrastructure, global financial integration and trade liberalisation. This paper examines the impression of China’s initiative, such as BRI on the global governance system—an area in which China has gradually expanded its input. Inspired from China’s historical prestige and ideology, Chinese institutions present three significant challenges to the existing world order; (i) the emerging non-western ideology, (ii) the non-western multilateralism, and (iii) the introduction of diversity and equality in international relations. The paper concludes that China’s unprecedented economic growth coupled with its assertive foreign policy means an alternative global governance system is emerging with Chinese characteristics.","PeriodicalId":154113,"journal":{"name":"Global International Relations Review","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114918387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pakistan-China Relations and Central Asian Republics 巴中关系与中亚共和国
Global International Relations Review Pub Date : 2022-03-30 DOI: 10.31703/girr.2022(v-i).02
M. Kasi, Abdul Qadir, Adil Zaman Kasi
{"title":"Pakistan-China Relations and Central Asian Republics","authors":"M. Kasi, Abdul Qadir, Adil Zaman Kasi","doi":"10.31703/girr.2022(v-i).02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/girr.2022(v-i).02","url":null,"abstract":"Pakistan-China relationship has survived the test of time and denotes the phrase of respect,advantages to both sides, and natural alignment. Both nations provided support for each other at regional and international levels, which not only worked to secure their own interests but is also attracting other regional actors to explore advantages for themselves out of the time-tested friendship of Pakistan-China.Central Asian Republics are also attracted to Pakistan-China as to benefit in multidimensional aspects. The Central Asian Republics desire for access to their energy resources to consumers, while Pakistan and China's objectives in Central Asia have been driven by their diplomatic, security obligations, economic advantages,and their aspiration to become an energy transit corridor in the region. Pakistan-China relations and their targets increase the interdependence environment between all these actors, which also provides an impetus where Pakistan-China rising influence in Central Asian Republics is anticipated. The significance of this article is that it analyzes the two prongs of Pakistan-China's growing influence in Central Asian Republics;the first is based on unilateral efforts of the two countries to explore more areas of cooperation with Central Asian Republics and the second is based in Pakistan-China bilateral relations impact on Central Asian Republics.","PeriodicalId":154113,"journal":{"name":"Global International Relations Review","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132612785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Modi is Hiding Behind the Cloak of Secularism to Promote Hindutva Ideology 莫迪躲在世俗主义的外衣后面，推广印度教意识形态
Global International Relations Review Pub Date : 2022-03-30 DOI: 10.31703/girr.2022(v-i).06
Hajra Nasir, Mariam Asif, Shaukat
{"title":"Modi is Hiding Behind the Cloak of Secularism to Promote Hindutva Ideology","authors":"Hajra Nasir, Mariam Asif, Shaukat","doi":"10.31703/girr.2022(v-i).06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/girr.2022(v-i).06","url":null,"abstract":"Prior to Election, the mingling of politics with religion was practiced frequently throughout South Asia, including India. Modi, a fascist who employs the religion card to win the elections as Hindus are in the majority. The initiatives implemented in his first term helped him to win the 2019 elections. In addition, the popularity of Modi grew due to the Pulwama incident as he openly challenged and conducted an air strike against Pakistan. Modi won the second term with a promise to rebuild the Ram temple on the site of Babri Masjid, abrogate the special status of Occupied Jammu and Kashmir, and implement the Anti-Citizenship Act.More hate towards religious minorities, especially Muslims, exacerbates the Hindu Vote Bank. The Hardcore majority of Hindus and BJP applauded such Anti-Muslim promises and assisted him in procuring massive seats in Lok Shaba.","PeriodicalId":154113,"journal":{"name":"Global International Relations Review","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125570289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
China’s Rise in the Contemporary World 中国在当代世界的崛起
Global International Relations Review Pub Date : 2022-03-30 DOI: 10.31703/girr.2022(v-i).05
Alina Malik, Saima A Kayani, A. Karim
{"title":"China’s Rise in the Contemporary World","authors":"Alina Malik, Saima A Kayani, A. Karim","doi":"10.31703/girr.2022(v-i).05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/girr.2022(v-i).05","url":null,"abstract":"The advent of the 21st century has seen a shift from uni polarity to multi polarity, mainly due to China's rise. Chinese ambitions are aligned and expansive, which are driven by nationalism, economic uplift and military modernization. China is evolving as a major powerhouse of the current world order. Trade,economic reforms, up gradation of the military, appealing to the masses through its culture and peaceful settlement of disputes are Chinese means for shaping new world order. America's decreasing sphere of influence in multilateral agreements such as the Paris Agreement and the Iran Nuclear deal is proving windows of opportunities for rising powers like China. China aims to strengthen its position in the international system.","PeriodicalId":154113,"journal":{"name":"Global International Relations Review","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131587051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Symbiotic Realism: Way Forward for Great Power Relations 共生现实主义:大国关系的前进之路
Global International Relations Review Pub Date : 2022-03-30 DOI: 10.31703/girr.2022(v-i).03
Rafida Nawaz, Syed Hussain Murtaza, Muqarrab Akbar
{"title":"Symbiotic Realism: Way Forward for Great Power Relations","authors":"Rafida Nawaz, Syed Hussain Murtaza, Muqarrab Akbar","doi":"10.31703/girr.2022(v-i).03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/girr.2022(v-i).03","url":null,"abstract":"Rise of China, its bend towards Russia, its increasing sphere of influence in Asia and Africa has posed perplexing questions like will the four decades of cooperation between USA and China end in great War; will the drive to maintain/attain hegemony be the guiding principle for USA and China; and what will be the impact of strife on states like Pakistan, recipients of both USA and China. The international politics pundits, well versed in Machiavellian-Hobbesian Realist discourses, predicts a coming war with continued pattern of hegemonic contention, competition, and shift in hegemony. But Realism is not a unified paradigm and variants of Realist discourse(s), advocate divergent courses of statecraft, depending on state status in global order. The paper aims to analyse the prospective Sino-US relation with the lens of Symbiotic Realism given by Nayef Al Rodhan believing in sustainable multi-sum security principle, co-existence, and mutual dependence between great powers.","PeriodicalId":154113,"journal":{"name":"Global International Relations Review","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133526564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Post Withdrawal Situation of us Troops from Afghanistan: Role of Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) 美国从阿富汗撤军后的形势:上海合作组织的作用
Global International Relations Review Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.31703/girr.2021(iv-iv).05
Abdul Saboor, Sardar Ahmed, Taha Shabbir
{"title":"Post Withdrawal Situation of us Troops from Afghanistan: Role of Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)","authors":"Abdul Saboor, Sardar Ahmed, Taha Shabbir","doi":"10.31703/girr.2021(iv-iv).05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/girr.2021(iv-iv).05","url":null,"abstract":"The study of international relations has been re-examined in light of a global perspective on politics since the conclusion of World War 2 and the September 11 terrorist attacks. Examining Afghanistan's connection with the SCO is a relatively new subject of study. Between 2001 and 2011,China intervened strategically and economically in Afghanistan in the Bonn talks between Afghanistan, China, and the SCO. Afghanistan was awarded observer status by the SCO in 2012 in order to facilitate the integration of the broader area into the SCO and diminish US-NATO influence in the nation where Russia's key geostrategic interests lay. For China, Afghanistan's natural riches are particularly valuable. Despite the United States' exit from Afghanistan, the Taliban maintains total control of the country, and international governments refuse to recognize them.The country's position is deteriorating due to the government's lack of legitimacy. Both Moscow and Beijing want to put an end to the situation.","PeriodicalId":154113,"journal":{"name":"Global International Relations Review","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130287776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Role of Madrassas in the Education System of Pakistan: A Way Forward Madrassas在巴基斯坦教育系统中的作用:前进的道路
Global International Relations Review Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.31703/girr.2021(iv-iv).03
Tajjala Munir, Sara Batool, Nimra Sajjad
{"title":"Role of Madrassas in the Education System of Pakistan: A Way Forward","authors":"Tajjala Munir, Sara Batool, Nimra Sajjad","doi":"10.31703/girr.2021(iv-iv).03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/girr.2021(iv-iv).03","url":null,"abstract":"In Pakistan since Independence Madrassa has provided education to millions of students. As an alternative to formal education, religious education is a supplement for society from which a large chunk of society is benefited. Besides religious education Madaris also work as a proper shelter home for the children studying in them as they provide food,clothing shelter. However, these Madaris are accused of fueling conservative ideas by promoting narrow mindsets. Students of madrassas are often misfits in society and intolerant to change which leads to political and social extremism. This study analyzes the major and minor challenges confronted in modernizing Madrasah education; it also discusses the future of Madrassa education in Pakistan. This study aims to explore the need for modification of the curriculum and education system in the madrassa of Pakistan. Also, investigate the main entrenched norms and factors preventing reforms in madrassa education.","PeriodicalId":154113,"journal":{"name":"Global International Relations Review","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116714591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
De-radicalization Programs in Muslim Countries: A Critical Analysis 穆斯林国家的去激进化项目:批判性分析
Global International Relations Review Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.31703/girr.2021(iv-iv).02
Muhammad Rizwan, Sara Batool, S. Khan
{"title":"De-radicalization Programs in Muslim Countries: A Critical Analysis","authors":"Muhammad Rizwan, Sara Batool, S. Khan","doi":"10.31703/girr.2021(iv-iv).02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/girr.2021(iv-iv).02","url":null,"abstract":"This research critically analyzes the De-radicalization program in Muslim countries. Muslims have faced extremism and terrorism in many forms due to religious intolerance, economic crisis, and hatred. Some of the Muslim countries have launched de-radicalization programs to neutralize the views of extremism and to maintain peace in society. The study critically analyzes the steps taken by Muslim states to de-radicalize that including the process of De-radicalization, disengagement,rehabilitation, and reintegration. This study also offers the possible steps that can be taken to eliminate radicalization. This study also highlights the need for more de-radicalization programs to maintain peace and prosperity all around. The countries that have been studied in this research are Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Pakistan. Their process of de-radicalization, along with the help of the government and private sector, is critically analyzed","PeriodicalId":154113,"journal":{"name":"Global International Relations Review","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114706995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rise of Hindu Nationalism: Impact of Domestic Environment on International Relations 印度民族主义的兴起:国内环境对国际关系的影响
Global International Relations Review Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.31703/girr.2021(iv-iv).04
Javed Hassan Hashmi, Waseem Ishaque
{"title":"Rise of Hindu Nationalism: Impact of Domestic Environment on International Relations","authors":"Javed Hassan Hashmi, Waseem Ishaque","doi":"10.31703/girr.2021(iv-iv).04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/girr.2021(iv-iv).04","url":null,"abstract":"This article briefly examines the rise of Hindu nationalism, its role in the formulation of the domestic environment and assesses its impact on the international relations of India. Since the ascendance of Modi to power,the involvement of RSS in Indian politics and governmental affairs has increased manifold. Curbs on civil society, NGOs, and media freedom have been noticed by independent observers. Hate speech and the enactment of laws to marginalize space for minorities are common happenings. This article has incorporated an integrative review technique while working under an overall design of qualitative research methodology. It is observed that India’s erstwhile secular credentials are endangered due to the assault of the Hindutva wave on freedom of expression, civil society, and minorities. The dominance of the BJP and the autocratic behavior of Modi have affected the domestic environment of India thus impacting India’s international relations, especially with herneighbours.","PeriodicalId":154113,"journal":{"name":"Global International Relations Review","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114961375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Game of Thrones and International Politics in Realism Perspective 现实主义视角下的《权力的游戏》与国际政治
Global International Relations Review Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.31703/girr.2021(iv-iv).01
Ahsan Riaz, Muqarrab Akbar, Rafida Nawaz
{"title":"Game of Thrones and International Politics in Realism Perspective","authors":"Ahsan Riaz, Muqarrab Akbar, Rafida Nawaz","doi":"10.31703/girr.2021(iv-iv).01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/girr.2021(iv-iv).01","url":null,"abstract":"Since the Second World War realism paradigm has been most prominent and successful in the discipline of international relations. Realist theory interprets the role of the state in world politics in which the state's national interest is the primary variable. To attain the state's national interest power (in military and economic terms) is a very essential tool. The element of power has shaped the anarchic political system. HBO's Season' Game of Throne' is most compatible with the approaches of the international political system, especially to understand the realist paradigm. In this season different power centers were playing the game of power politics. Iron Throne had a hegemonic status and was considered as a supreme power in the Seven Kingdoms of Westeros, which created the anarchy. Competing for the power, losing the power, and attaining the power was creating the an archical situation in the whole season in which different actors and kingdoms made their strategies and joined uneven alliances. So Game of Throne is providing a better way to comprehend the international anarchy and political realism.","PeriodicalId":154113,"journal":{"name":"Global International Relations Review","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114887231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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