Journal of Cutaneous Pathology最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
Follicular Granular Parakeratosis of the Face and Neck. 面部和颈部的滤泡颗粒状角化不全症。
IF 1.2 4区 医学
Journal of Cutaneous Pathology Pub Date : 2026-08-31 DOI: 10.1111/cup.70205
Surya Khatri, Bianca Biglione, Jenny Litel, Christopher Elco, Leslie Bostom
{"title":"Follicular Granular Parakeratosis of the Face and Neck.","authors":"Surya Khatri, Bianca Biglione, Jenny Litel, Christopher Elco, Leslie Bostom","doi":"10.1111/cup.70205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cup.70205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Granular parakeratosis (GP) is a rare disorder of keratinization characterized by the retention of keratohyalin granules within the stratum corneum. Originally described as solely involving the axillae (previously known as axillary granular parakeratosis), GP is now recognized to involve other intertriginous areas, including the inframammary folds, abdominal folds, groin, and neck. Follicular granular parakeratosis (FGP) represents an exceedingly rare variant in which the pathologic process involves the follicular infundibulum. We report a case of both follicular and inter follicular GP in a 47-year-old woman presenting with a chronic pruritic eruption on the face, anterior neck, and chest-a distribution distinct from the typical GP distribution. Histopathologic examination revealed prominent keratohyalin granules within the stratum corneum and follicular infundibulum, with multiple mounded areas of granular parakeratosis, establishing the diagnosis of FGP. To our knowledge, only three prior cases of FGP have been reported in the literature, making this a remarkably rare presentation. This case emphasizes the importance of recognizing follicular involvement in GP as a distinct clinicopathologic pattern that differs from classic GP in both location and histology.</p>","PeriodicalId":15407,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cutaneous Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148865035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
TTF-1-Positive Merkel Cell Carcinoma in Situ: Extending the Neoplasm's Immunophenotypic Spectrum Through Case Study and Literature Review. ttf -1阳性的原位默克尔细胞癌:通过病例研究和文献综述扩展肿瘤的免疫表型谱。
IF 1.2 4区 医学
Journal of Cutaneous Pathology Pub Date : 2026-08-31 DOI: 10.1111/cup.70204
Daniel Wilentz, Nikki S Vyas, Kristian Johnston, Richard M Rubenstein
{"title":"TTF-1-Positive Merkel Cell Carcinoma in Situ: Extending the Neoplasm's Immunophenotypic Spectrum Through Case Study and Literature Review.","authors":"Daniel Wilentz, Nikki S Vyas, Kristian Johnston, Richard M Rubenstein","doi":"10.1111/cup.70204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cup.70204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Merkel cell carcinoma in situ (MCCIS), especially when unaccompanied by invasive Merkel cell carcinoma, is exceptionally rare. Most reported cases of MCCIS without invasion demonstrate the typical immunophenotype of invasive MCC, including cytokeratin 20 (CK20) positivity and thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) negativity. Here we report a case of MCCIS without invasion exhibiting a phenotype not previously reported in MCCIS: CK20 negativity with diffuse nuclear TTF-1 positivity. Arising within a seborrheic (stucco) keratosis in a 78-year-old woman, the lesion demonstrated an entirely intraepidermal proliferation of atypical cells with neuroendocrine differentiation by histology (high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio, crush artifact, and nuclear molding) and immunohistochemistry (positive synaptophysin, chromogranin, neuron-specific enolase, INSM1, and SATB2). The lesion was negative for squamous markers (cytokeratin 903, cytokeratin 5/6, p40, and p63), Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV/CM2B4), and neurofilament. A review of the literature identified no prior TTF-1-positive MCCIS. To our knowledge, the present case represents the first reported TTF-1-positive MCCIS and only the second reported CK20-negative MCCIS. This unusual phenotype expands the recognized immunophenotypic spectrum of MCCIS and highlights a potential diagnostic pitfall.</p>","PeriodicalId":15407,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cutaneous Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148864990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
MITF Activation Is a Feature of Clear Cell and Conventional Fibrous Papule. MITF活化是透明细胞和常规纤维丘疹的特征。
IF 1.2 4区 医学
Journal of Cutaneous Pathology Pub Date : 2026-08-28 DOI: 10.1111/cup.70203
David J Papke, Daniel Pissaloux, Igor Odintsov, Esther Baranov, Jason L Hornick, Arnaud de la Fouchardiere, John Hanna
{"title":"MITF Activation Is a Feature of Clear Cell and Conventional Fibrous Papule.","authors":"David J Papke, Daniel Pissaloux, Igor Odintsov, Esther Baranov, Jason L Hornick, Arnaud de la Fouchardiere, John Hanna","doi":"10.1111/cup.70203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cup.70203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fibrous papule, also known as angiofibroma, is a common benign cutaneous lesion with a predilection for the nose and, to a lesser extent, other parts of the face. Most cases occur sporadically, although similar lesions occur in tuberous sclerosis where they are sometimes referred to as adenoma sebaceum. In addition to conventional fibrous papule, several morphologic subtypes have been described which are much less common and may be more challenging to recognize. Clear cell fibrous papule is distinguished by its voluminous clear cytoplasm and the expression of NKI-C3, a marker of lysosomes. Here we show that clear cell fibrous papule is characterized by MITF overexpression and activation, and is accompanied by overexpression of GPNMB, a direct transcriptional target of MITF. Surprisingly, MITF overexpression was also seen in both conventional fibrous papule and tuberous-sclerosis-associated fibrous papules, suggesting a potentially unifying cellular feature in all three subtypes of fibrous papule. Furthermore, since the mTOR pathway, which is dysregulated in tuberous sclerosis, regulates the MITF/TFE family of transcription factors, these findings also suggest a potential mechanistic link between sporadic and syndromic fibrous papules.</p>","PeriodicalId":15407,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cutaneous Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148839525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Part II: Digital Dermatopathology Playbook: Navigating Operational Workflow From Storage to Sign-Out. 第二部分:数字皮肤病理学手册:导航操作工作流从存储到签出。
IF 1.2 4区 医学
Journal of Cutaneous Pathology Pub Date : 2026-08-26 DOI: 10.1111/cup.70196
Olayemi Sokumbi, Breethiga Velusamy, Margot S Peters, Nneka I Comfere
{"title":"Part II: Digital Dermatopathology Playbook: Navigating Operational Workflow From Storage to Sign-Out.","authors":"Olayemi Sokumbi, Breethiga Velusamy, Margot S Peters, Nneka I Comfere","doi":"10.1111/cup.70196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cup.70196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Part II of our three-part series examines the implementation of digital workflows in dermatopathology practice. Emphasizing the central role of the image management system (IMS) as the core platform for case organization, integration with laboratory information systems, workflow automation, and support for advanced diagnostic tools. Approaches to workflow redesign are discussed, including comparisons between inline and retrospective scanning models, with attention to efficiency and implementation considerations. The importance of validation using standardized protocols to ensure diagnostic concordance is highlighted. Quality assurance and economic factors are also addressed, including cost structures, return on investment, and sustainable funding models. Finally, regulatory requirements are reviewed, with focus on compliance with FDA, CAP, and CLIA standards, as well as the implications of system validation and mix-and-match configurations.</p>","PeriodicalId":15407,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cutaneous Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148818666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Penile Fibroadenoma Arising From Anogenital Mammary-Like Glands in a Transgender Woman. 变性女性由性腺乳腺样腺引起的阴茎纤维腺瘤。
IF 1.2 4区 医学
Journal of Cutaneous Pathology Pub Date : 2026-08-26 DOI: 10.1111/cup.70189
Tamar Gomolin, David Jou, Abdelsalam Sharabi
{"title":"Penile Fibroadenoma Arising From Anogenital Mammary-Like Glands in a Transgender Woman.","authors":"Tamar Gomolin, David Jou, Abdelsalam Sharabi","doi":"10.1111/cup.70189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cup.70189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anogenital mammary-like glands (AGMLG) are specialized glands of the anogenital region capable of giving rise to lesions analogous to those of the breast. Fibroadenomas arising from AGMLG are well documented in the vulva but are exceedingly rare in male genital anatomy. We report a penile fibroadenoma arising from AGMLG in a 29-year-old transgender woman with a progressively enlarging mass while receiving feminizing hormone therapy. Histologic examination demonstrated a well-circumscribed fibroepithelial lesion with intracanalicular architecture, ductal structures with a bilayered epithelium, and paucicellular stroma without atypia. Immunohistochemistry supported mammary-type differentiation. This case highlights the importance of recognizing AGMLG-derived lesions and their morphologic overlap with breast counterparts.</p>","PeriodicalId":15407,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cutaneous Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148818614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Part III: Digital Dermatopathology Playbook: Change Management, AI Integration, and Strategic Lessons Beyond Technology. 第三部分:数字皮肤病理学剧本:变革管理、人工智能集成和超越技术的战略教训。
IF 1.2 4区 医学
Journal of Cutaneous Pathology Pub Date : 2026-08-26 DOI: 10.1111/cup.70194
Olayemi Sokumbi, Breethiga Velusamy, Margot S Peters, Nneka I Comfere
{"title":"Part III: Digital Dermatopathology Playbook: Change Management, AI Integration, and Strategic Lessons Beyond Technology.","authors":"Olayemi Sokumbi, Breethiga Velusamy, Margot S Peters, Nneka I Comfere","doi":"10.1111/cup.70194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cup.70194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Part III of our three-part series addresses the human, strategic, and forward-looking considerations associated with the adoption of digital pathology. It outlines key requirements for the integration of artificial intelligence (AI), including standardized data practices, high-quality image acquisition, and rigorous validation frameworks. Particular emphasis is placed on maintaining pathologist oversight while deploying AI in targeted applications such as triage, quantitative analysis, and quality assurance. A phased implementation framework is presented, underscoring the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration, iterative validation, and continuous performance monitoring using predefined metrics. In parallel, we address critical human factors and change management strategies, including structured training, stakeholder engagement, and the identification of institutional champions to facilitate cultural transformation. The article concludes by positioning digital dermatopathology as a scalable platform for sustained innovation, emphasizing that long-term success is contingent not only on technological capability, but also on the deliberate integration of people, processes, and governance structures.</p>","PeriodicalId":15407,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cutaneous Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148818619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Multifocal Epithelioid Hemangioma With FOSB Overexpression. 多灶上皮样血管瘤伴FOSB过表达。
IF 1.2 4区 医学
Journal of Cutaneous Pathology Pub Date : 2026-08-23 DOI: 10.1111/cup.70202
Phuong Daniels, Aarush Kumar, Alexa Lum, Izabelle Bermudez, Shannon DeSilva, Jonathan Crane, Kristopher McKay
{"title":"Multifocal Epithelioid Hemangioma With FOSB Overexpression.","authors":"Phuong Daniels, Aarush Kumar, Alexa Lum, Izabelle Bermudez, Shannon DeSilva, Jonathan Crane, Kristopher McKay","doi":"10.1111/cup.70202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cup.70202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epithelioid hemangioma (EH) is a benign vascular tumor that most commonly arises on the skin but may also occur in other anatomical locations, including deep soft tissue, bone, visceral organs, penis, and mucosal sites. A hallmark of EH is overexpression of FOS and FOSB, often resulting from various gene fusions. However, cases in the literature describe diverse mechanisms of FOS/FOSB expression across EH subtypes, suggesting that these variants may be driven by different molecular pathways. We present a case of an 83-year-old male with multiple well-circumscribed lesions on the right buttock and proximal thigh, demonstrating a multicentric growth pattern with satellitosis and FOSB positivity on immunohistochemistry. To our knowledge, this is one of the few reported cases of multifocal EH demonstrating FOSB positivity, further supporting the emerging view that multifocal EH may represent a true neoplastic process rather than a reactive phenomenon.</p>","PeriodicalId":15407,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cutaneous Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148808573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fibrillar-Type Dermatitis Herpetiformis: An Underrecognized Variant That Is Rarely Associated With Celiac Disease and Lacking Epidermal Transglutaminase Deposition: A Report of Two Cases. 纤维型疱疹样皮炎:一种很少与乳糜泻相关且缺乏表皮转谷氨酰胺酶沉积的未被充分认识的变异:两例报告
IF 1.2 4区 医学
Journal of Cutaneous Pathology Pub Date : 2026-08-19 DOI: 10.1111/cup.70200
Jeffrey Damman, Elodie Mendels, Sven van der Woude, Sharon Veenbergen, Gilles F H Diercks, Martijn B van Doorn
{"title":"Fibrillar-Type Dermatitis Herpetiformis: An Underrecognized Variant That Is Rarely Associated With Celiac Disease and Lacking Epidermal Transglutaminase Deposition: A Report of Two Cases.","authors":"Jeffrey Damman, Elodie Mendels, Sven van der Woude, Sharon Veenbergen, Gilles F H Diercks, Martijn B van Doorn","doi":"10.1111/cup.70200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cup.70200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is a rare, intensely pruritic cutaneous manifestation of celiac disease (CD), typically presenting with excoriated papulovesicular lesions on extensor surfaces. DH is associated with IgA autoantibodies against epidermal transglutaminase (eTG), which form granular immune deposits in the papillary dermis and induce subepidermal blistering. Histopathology usually shows papillary dermal microabscesses and granular IgA deposits on direct immunofluorescence. We describe two patients with atypical DH featuring fibrillar, rather than granular, IgA deposits and no evidence of CD. Importantly, in both patients, we are the first to show that eTG did not colocalize with the fibrillar IgA deposits in the skin. Awareness of this pattern is essential to avoid misdiagnosis and potentially unwarranted gluten-free diets, as fibrillar DH is often unrelated to CD.</p>","PeriodicalId":15407,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cutaneous Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148793819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Eruptive Acral Melanocytic Lesions Associated With Capecitabine. 卡培他滨相关的爆发性肢端黑色素细胞病变。
IF 1.2 4区 医学
Journal of Cutaneous Pathology Pub Date : 2026-08-19 DOI: 10.1111/cup.70197
Madison Smith, Annie Jin, Jonathan A Miles, Rosalie Elenitsas, Danielle M DeHoratius, Emily Y Chu
{"title":"Eruptive Acral Melanocytic Lesions Associated With Capecitabine.","authors":"Madison Smith, Annie Jin, Jonathan A Miles, Rosalie Elenitsas, Danielle M DeHoratius, Emily Y Chu","doi":"10.1111/cup.70197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cup.70197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eruptive nevi and lentigines have been reported to occur in the setting of immunosuppression, which may be medication-induced. The associated histopathologic findings have not been well described in the literature. Herein, we report the case of a woman in her 60s who had been receiving chemotherapy treatment with capecitabine, a prodrug of 5-fluorouracil, for advanced pancreatic cancer. She developed multiple small, dark macules on the dorsal and plantar surfaces of both feet. An initial biopsy of one lesion showed a crowded lentiginous proliferation of predominantly single melanocytes, with poor nest formation and some pagetoid scatter. Subsequent biopsies revealed lentigines with melanocytic hyperplasia, which showed less cellularity than the initial biopsy. This case provides histopathologic correlation for eruptive acral melanocytic lesions that result from capecitabine therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":15407,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cutaneous Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148793743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Clinicopathological Concordance in Panniculitis: A Prospective Study of 48 Cases. 泛膜炎48例临床病理一致性的前瞻性研究。
IF 1.2 4区 医学
Journal of Cutaneous Pathology Pub Date : 2026-08-19 DOI: 10.1111/cup.70199
Piyush Yadav, Prashant Durgapal, Naveen Kumar Kansal, Neirita Hazarika, Ajeet Singh Bhadoria, Riti Bhatia
{"title":"Clinicopathological Concordance in Panniculitis: A Prospective Study of 48 Cases.","authors":"Piyush Yadav, Prashant Durgapal, Naveen Kumar Kansal, Neirita Hazarika, Ajeet Singh Bhadoria, Riti Bhatia","doi":"10.1111/cup.70199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cup.70199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Retrospective studies suggest that clinicopathologic concordance rates in panniculitis vary significantly, leading to potential misdiagnoses, delayed treatments, and suboptimal patient outcomes. However, prospective data systematically evaluating the concordance between clinical impressions and histopathologic findings in panniculitis is lacking. This study aimed to determine the concordance between the clinical and histopathological diagnoses in cases with clinical suspicion of panniculitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospectively conducted cross-sectional study at a tertiary-care center in North India, patients' clinical data were recorded, and a deep skin biopsy was performed. Histopathological slides were evaluated for panniculitis features such as the septal or lobular pattern of involvement, presence of vasculitis, type of infiltrates, and fat necrosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most cases (71%) were diagnosed with erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) based on clinical evaluation and a predominantly lobular pattern of panniculitis (73%) based on histopathological evaluation. We reached a single clinical diagnosis in 41 cases (85%), while the remaining cases had more than one clinical diagnosis. Overall, there was a 69% concordance between clinical and histopathological findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study underscores the importance of integrating clinical and histopathological data for an accurate diagnosis of panniculitis rather than relying solely on one or the other.</p>","PeriodicalId":15407,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cutaneous Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148793763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术官方微信
小红书