Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology最新文献

{"title":"Toward a better understanding of personality characteristics in patients with cognitive disorders. A reply to Kessels, Rensen, Boelen, Janssen (2024).","authors":"Erik Oudman, Ineke Roelfina Hendrika de Vries, Albert Postma","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2382407","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2382407","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142017669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rod and frame test parameters for neuropsychology studies.","authors":"Mark Y Czarnolewski","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2356297","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2356297","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The rod and frame test (RFT), a measure of field dependence-independence, recently has reemerged as a measure of research interest and potential diagnostic value in neuropsychology. In the standard RFT, the subject experiences offsetting visual cues from a frame surrounding an embedded rod, while the subject's postural/vestibular cues provide the sense of verticality as the subject attempts to set the rod to vertical. The paper shows that RFTs not adhering to RFT parameters can reduce the test's visual framework impact experienced by the subject. Comparisons of neuropsychological studies will highlight that correct adherence to RFT testing conditions can strengthen RFT effects.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This review presents the parameters that have been studied which impact on subject performance on the RFT. It identifies how computer administered RFTs have been applied to enhance the study of the RFT parameters and make the RFT more accessible to the study of different diagnostic groups. The article also critiques studies by identifying how the RFT's parameters, study's design and statistical analysis may have diminished identifying the full effects of the RFT experience.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Parameters impacting judgments of verticality of the rod can include: perceived size of rod and frame, the gap between the ends of the rod and surrounding frame, presentation of the rod within an encompassing 3D visual framework that visually blocks out the surrounding environment, a dark room, instructions stressing egocentric vs allocentric strategies, double frame surrounding the rod to assess global perception effects, etc. Details are presented how gap size likely affected results in neuropsychology studies. Potentially, these and other experiments may be studied using computer administered RFTs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on the descriptions of computer administered RFTs, this article suggested that incorporating these technologies can provide better understanding underlying the RFT, and in turn, understanding neuropsychology processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141317438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of processing speed and memory performance on classification accuracy of the dot counting test in a mixed neuropsychiatric sample.","authors":"Matthew S Phillips, Amanda M Wisinger, Brian M Cerny, Humza Khan, Fini Chang, Ka Yin Phoebe Tse, Gabriel P Ovsiew, Zachary J Resch, Greg Shapiro, Jason R Soble, Kyle J Jennette","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2363978","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2363978","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examined the impact of impairment in two specific cognitive abilities, processing speed and memory, on Dot Counting Test (DCT) classification accuracy by evaluating performance validity classification accuracy across cognitively unimpaired, single-domain impairment, and multidomain impairment subgroups within a mixed clinical sample.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Cross-sectional data were analyzed from 348 adult outpatients classified as valid (<i>n</i> = 284) or invalid (<i>n</i> = 64) based on four independent criterion performance validity tests (PVTs). Unimpaired (<i>n</i> = 164), single-domain processing speed impairment (<i>n</i> = 24), single-domain memory impairment (<i>n</i> = 53), and multidomain processing speed and memory impairment (<i>n</i> = 43) clinical subgroups were established among the valid group. Both the traditional DCT E-score and unrounded E-score were examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, the DCT demonstrated acceptable to excellent classification accuracy across the unimpaired (area under the curve [AUC] traditional E-score=.855; unrounded E-score=.855) and single-domain impairment groups (traditional E-score AUCs = .690-.754; unrounded E-score AUCs = .692-747). However, it did not reliably discriminate the multidomain processing speed and memory impairment group from the invalid performers (traditional and unrounded E-scores AUC = .557).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings support the DCT as a non-memory-based freestanding PVT for use with single-domain cognitive impairment, with traditional E-score ≥17 (unrounded E-score ≥16.95) recommended for those with memory impairment and traditional E-score ≥19 (unrounded ≥18.08) with processing speed impairment. Moreover, results replicated previously established optimal cutoffs for unimpaired groups using both the traditional (≥14) and unrounded (≥13.84) E-scores. However, the DCT did not reliably discriminate between invalid performance and multidomain cognitive impairment, indicating caution is warranted when using the DCT with patients suspected of greater cognitive impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141283849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extended ambulatory assessment of executive function: within-person reliability of working memory and inhibitory control tasks.","authors":"Gezelle Dali, Antoinette Poulton, Li Peng Evelyn Chen, Robert Hester","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2364396","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2364396","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Ambulatory assessment of executive function - particularly in the form working memory (WM) - is increasingly common. Few studies to date, however, have also incorporated ambulatory measures of inhibitory control. Critically, the extended within-person reliability of ambulatory tasks tapping each of these constructs has been largely overlooked.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants (<i>N</i> = 283, <i>M</i>_<i>age</i> = 23.74 years, <i>SD</i> = 9.04) received notifications every 3 days (for 4 weeks) to undertake ambulatory assessment versions of the <i>n</i>-Back and Stop-Signal Tasks (SST) via the smartphone application CheckCog. Within-person reliability of these measures was explored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compliance ranged from 66% (for eight sessions) to 89% (for four sessions). Our results reveal significant changes in performance within the first two sessions for both the <i>n</i>-Back and SST, with performance remaining largely consistent across the remaining (two to eight) sessions. In terms of test-retest reliability, the ICC (C, 1) values ranged from .29 to .68 on the <i>n</i>-Back (with overall accuracy being .51) and .31-.73 on the SST (with stop-signal reaction time being .53).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of the current study contribute to the literature by demonstrating the reliability of brief measures of executive function - in the form of inhibitory control and WM - delivered using smartphones in participants' natural environments. Based on our findings, the CheckCog app reliability tracks baseline systematic changes in WM and response inhibition across multiple time points and for an extended period in healthy individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141310807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of tDCS on emotion recognition and brain oscillations.","authors":"Saliha Şahintürk, Erol Yıldırım","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2364403","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2364403","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Emotion recognition, the ability to interpret the emotional state of individuals by looking at their facial expressions, is essential for healthy social interactions and communication. There is limited research on the effects of tDCS on emotion recognition in the literature. This study aimed to investigate the effects of anodal stimulation of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), a key region for emotion recognition from facial expressions, on emotion recognition and brain oscillations.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A single-blind randomized-controlled study was conducted with 54 healthy participants. Before and after brain stimulation emotion recognition tasks were administered and resting-state EEG were recorded. The changes in task performances and brain oscillations were analyzed using repeated-measures two-way ANOVA analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no significant difference in the emotion recognition tasks between groups in pre-post measurements. The changes in delta, theta, alpha, beta and gamma frequency bands in the frontal, temporal, and posterio-occipital regions, which were determined as regions of interest in resting state EEG data before and after tDCS, were compared between groups. The results showed that there was a significant difference between groups only in delta frequency before and after tDCS in the frontal and temporal regions. While an increase in delta activity was observed in the experimental group in the frontal and temporal regions, a decrease was observed in the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The tDCS may not have improved emotion recognition because it may not have had the desired effect on the vmPFC, which is in the lower part of the prefrontal lobe. The changes in EEG frequencies observed section tDCS may be similar to those seen in some pathological processes, which could explain the lack of improvement in emotion recognition. Future studies to be carried out for better understand this effect are important.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141296192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of false cognitive feedback on subsequent cognitive task performance.","authors":"Piper M Clark, Amy B Brunell, Melissa T Buelow","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2360229","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2360229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Previous research has found beliefs about oneself and one's own abilities may have the potential to affect subsequent performance on a particular task. Additionally, providing false feedback about a particular characteristic or even about overall cognitive abilities may also affect performance on later tasks. However, it is unclear to what extent false positive or negative feedback about cognition will affect subsequent executive function task performance. In the present series of studies, we examined whether receiving negative false feedback about cognition would affect subsequent decision making and other executive function task performance.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In Study 1, the participants (<i>n</i> = 115) received false feedback that they were either high or low in creative intelligence before completing a series of decision making tasks. In Study 2, the participants (<i>n</i> = 146) completed a similar false feedback paradigm before completing assessments of a range of executive functions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across studies, we found limited evidence of a consistent pattern of how false feedback affects subsequent cognitive task performance, although receiving positive and negative feedback affected specific tasks.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results indicate that the influence of false feedback on task performance is variable and may depend on factors such as the specific task or executive function assessed. In clinical work, it is important to consider how patients may internalize feedback about their cognitive abilities, as the feedback, coupled with other factors such as level of insight, apathy, disinhibition, or prior perceptions regarding a diagnosis, may influence interpretations.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141173936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of psilocybin on cognition and emotional processing in healthy adults and adults with depression: a systematic literature review.","authors":"Laura Ramos, Selene G Vicente","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2363343","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2363343","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Psilocybin, a naturally occurring serotonergic agonist in some mushroom species, has shown promise as a novel, fast-acting pharmacotherapy seeking to overcome the limitations of conventional first-line antidepressants. Studying psilocybin effects on cognition and emotional processing may help to clarify the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic potential of psilocybin and may also support studies with people suffering from depression. Thus, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current literature regarding the effects of psilocybin on these two key areas in both healthy and depressed populations.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A systematic search was performed on 29 January 2024, in the PubMed, EBSCOhost, Web of Science and SCOPUS databases. After duplicates removal, study selection was conducted considering pre-specified criteria. Data extraction was then performed. The quality assessment of the studies was carried out using the Cochrane Collaboration tools for randomized (RoB 2.0) and non-randomized (ROBINS-I) controlled trials.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty articles were included, with 18 targeting healthy adults and two adults with depression. Results point to impairments within attentional and inhibitory processes, and improvements in the domains of creativity and social cognition in healthy individuals. In the population with depression, only cognitive flexibility and emotional recognition were affected, both being enhanced. The comparison of outcomes from both populations proved limited.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Psilocybin acutely alters several cognitive domains, with a localized rather than global focus, in a dose- and time-dependent manner. However, the significant methodological constraints call for further research, in the context of depression and with standardized protocols, with longitudinal studies also imperative.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141261061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidimensional assessment of social cognition using non-immersive virtual reality in dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease: an exploratory study.","authors":"Eva-Flore Msika, Marc Verny, Bénédicte Dieudonné, Nathalie Ehrlé, Alexandre Gaston-Bellegarde, Eric Orriols, Pascale Piolino, Pauline Narme","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2357362","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2357362","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Few studies have focused on social cognition in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), even though some brain structures being well known as underlying social cognitive processes are directly impacted in this disease. Furthermore, social cognition processes have been mostly studied independently using evaluations with poor ecological validity. We aimed at studying the ability of a new naturalistic and multidimensional social cognition task to reveal impairments in DLB patients. We chose to compare the profile of these patients with that of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, for which social cognition is better preserved.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Fifteen patients (DLB: <i>n</i> = 7; AD: <i>n</i> = 8) and 28 healthy controls underwent the REALSoCog task. They encountered several social situations (e.g. control versus transgressions) in a non-immersive virtual city environment allowing the assessment of moral cognition, cognitive and affective theory of mind (ToM), emotional empathy and behavioral intentions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The main results showed (i) a lower ability to detect transgressions in DLB patients, particularly conventional ones, whereas moral cognition seemed better preserved in AD patients; (ii) a cognitive ToM impairment in both DLB and AD patients, while affective ToM is impaired only in DLB patients; (iii) a decreased emotional empathy specifically observed in DLB patients; (iv) more inappropriate behavioral intentions, mainly in DLB patients, but also in some AD patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study suggests the feasibility and potential interest of the REALSoCog task in revealing social cognition deficits, particularly for DLB patients by showing different social patterns as compared to AD patients. These results offer interesting clinical perspectives to develop more naturalistic tasks in such populations and for clinical differential diagnosis. Limitations and future perspectives are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141174012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Young children's performance on a design fluency task: longitudinal data on total number of designs, clustering and switching, and regression-based norms.","authors":"Christine Resch, Esther Keulers, Rosa Martens, Gerard van Breukelen, Caroline M van Heugten, Wenying Hou, Petra P M Hurks","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2359744","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2359744","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Design fluency (DF) tasks are commonly used to assess executive functions such as attentional control, cognitive flexibility, self-monitoring and strategy use. Next to the total number of correct designs, the standard outcome of a DF task, clustering and switching can help disentangle the processes underlying DF performance. We present the first longitudinal study of 4-8-year-old children's developmental DF trajectories.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>At initial enrollment, children (<i>n</i> = 228) were aged between 4.05 and 6.88 years (<i>M</i> = 5.18, SD = 0.59) and attended Dutch primary schools. The DF task was administered at three time points, each time point separated by approximately 1 year. Data were analyzed using mixed regression for total number of correct designs and switching, and mixed logistic regression analysis for clustering.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The total number of correct designs increased linearly across the three time points. Across all time points, children made very few clusters, and most clusters consisted of only 3 designs. Clustering only increased at the third assessment compared to the two previous assessments. Switching increased up to the second assessment, but not after that. The number of switches was highly correlated with the total number of correct designs at all time points (<i>r</i> = 0.78 to <i>r</i> = 0.85). These developmental trajectories were similar for all children regardless of their baseline age. Normative data are given for the total number of correct designs and switching.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Children as of age 4 onwards can perform a DF task. For children as young as 4-8 years old, computing clustering, and switching measures is of limited value to study cognitive processes underlying DF performance, next to the total number of correct designs. There were no sex differences on any of the DF outcomes. Level of parental education (LPE) was positively associated with the total number of correct designs and switching.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141247756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospective memory is associated with aspects of disability and quality of life in people with epilepsy.","authors":"Yosefa A Modiano, Steven Paul Woods","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2348213","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2348213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Episodic memory disruptions in epilepsy stem from shared neurocircuitry. While prior research has focused on retrospective memory (RM), prospective memory (PM; i.e. remembering to remember) also deserves consideration given its critical role in the management of daily activities. The current investigation assessed whether PM is associated with disability and quality of life in people with epilepsy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional, correlational study included a consecutive series of 50 people with epilepsy presenting for neuropsychological evaluation who completed the Royal Prince Alfred Prospective Memory Test (RPA) and Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) and 63 demographically comparable healthy adults. The participants with epilepsy also completed clinical measures of neuropsychological ability and questionnaires assessing disability and quality of life.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>People with epilepsy had significantly more frequent memory symptoms as compared to healthy adults at a very large effect size. Worse mood was associated with lower PM ability at a medium effect size and more frequent PM symptoms at a large effect size. A hierarchical linear regression indicated that PM explained 52% of the variance in disability and 43% of the variance in quality of life after accounting for RM ability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PM is associated with poorer everyday functioning among people with epilepsy and shows evidence of incremental value beyond RM ability in that regard. Future studies are needed to understand the complex pathways from PM to functional limitations to inform clinical intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140849174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}