Journal of Clinical Periodontology最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the Potential of the PerioAI System to Support Periodontal Clinical Decision Making: A Proof-of-Principle Study","authors":"Hairui Li,&nbsp;Yuan Li,&nbsp;Minhui Tan,&nbsp;Zhiming Cui,&nbsp;Dinggang Shen,&nbsp;Andrea Roccuzzo,&nbsp;Maurizio S. Tonetti","doi":"10.1111/jcpe.70138","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpe.70138","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To explore the potential of PerioAI, an artificial intelligence system integrating intraoral scanning and cone-beam CT, to automatically measure gingival margin-to-bone distance (GBD) and convert it into AI-derived probing depth (AI-PD), and to evaluate whether AI-PD may provide additional information to support periodontal clinical decision making when radiographic imaging represents the primary source of available periodontal information.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cross-sectional proof-of-principle study included 53 patients with periodontitis (1298 teeth, 7788 sites). GBD measurements were converted to AI-PD using validated formulas. Clinical decision making (prognosis and treatment planning) was evaluated by one periodontist under three information conditions: (i) orthopantomogram (OPG) + original periodontal chart (used to establish the reference clinical decision); (ii) OPG-only; and (iii) OPG + AI-PD. Using the reference clinical decision, agreement rates for clinical decisions obtained under the two information conditions (OPG-only and OPG + AI-PD) were calculated and compared, and the risk of overtreatment was also assessed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared with OPG-only, the OPG + AI-PD condition showed higher agreement rate with the reference clinical decision, indicating that PerioAI may provide additional information for clinical decision making. Patient-level average agreement rates increased from 77.6% to 84.7% for prognosis (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) and from 78.2% to 84.3% for treatment planning (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Tooth-level agreement rates improved from 78.1% to 86.0% for prognosis (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) and from 78.8% to 85.4% for treatment planning (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The addition of AI-PD was associated with a 42.3% reduction in overtreatment risk (Steps 1–2 vs. Step 3) and a 98.5% reduction in the risk of tooth extraction (Step 3 vs. extraction).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>When combined with radiographic information, PerioAI shows potential to provide incremental information for clinical decision making. Future research should integrate additional periodontal parameters and validate the approach in larger and more diverse populations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Periodontology","volume":"53 7","pages":"1056-1067"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jcpe.70138","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147815744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Periodontitis and Periodontal Conditions in Systemically Healthy Children and Adolescents","authors":"Inbar Eshkol-Yogev,&nbsp;Nagore Ambrosio,&nbsp;Cheryl Somani,&nbsp;Elena Figuero,&nbsp;Lior Shapira,&nbsp;Janet Davies","doi":"10.1111/jcpe.14199","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpe.14199","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To answer the PICoS question ‘in systemically healthy children and adolescents (Population), what are the main features of periodontitis, necrotising periodontal diseases (NPD) and other periodontal conditions (periodontal abscesses, endo-periodontal lesions, traumatic occlusal forces, prosthesis- and tooth-related factors) (Phenomenon of Interest) in terms of epidemiology, aetiology, risk factors/indicators, diagnosis, prevention or therapy (Context)’.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Four databases were searched up to September 2024, and studies were included that considered children and adolescents (&lt; 18 years).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During the search, 5389 potential publications were identified of which 205 articles were included. Most studies reported on periodontitis (<i>n</i> = 148), followed by mucogingival conditions (<i>n</i> = 42), NPD (<i>n</i> = 13) and periodontal abscesses (<i>n</i> = 2). There were no studies dealing with other periodontal conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In children and adolescents (1) the quality of the evidence is generally very low; (2) prevalence of periodontitis varied from 0.1% to 30.36%, and increases over time, with variations due to diagnostic criteria, risk indicators and study populations; (3) NPD showed large variability in prevalence (0%–27.1%) associated with socioeconomic, nutritional and environmental factors and (4) prevalence of gingival recession ranged from 1% to 74%, orthodontic therapy being one of the most studied associated factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Periodontology","volume":"53 7","pages":"1100-1198"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jcpe.14199","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144792118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dental Biofilm–Induced Gingivitis in Children and Adolescents Without Known Systemic Involvement: A Systematic Review","authors":"Georgios Tsilingaridis,&nbsp;Nitesh Tewari,&nbsp;Kyriaki Seremidi,&nbsp;William Papaioannou,&nbsp;Rodrigo López","doi":"10.1111/jcpe.70122","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpe.70122","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To synthesize evidence on gingival diseases and conditions in children and adolescents (&lt; 18 years) without known systemic disorder involvement, focusing on their distribution, aetiology, diagnosis, management and oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic review was carried out following PRISMA guidelines, including PubMed Central, Scopus, EMBASE and LILACS, up to January 2025. Clinical trials and observational studies addressing gingival diseases or conditions in healthy individuals under 18 years were included.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The search identified 33,180 studies. Title and abstract screening narrowed these to 2264, of which 433 were full-text-reviewed. Ultimately, 269 studies, all restricted to biofilm-induced gingivitis, were included. Considerable heterogeneity was observed in diagnostic criteria and study quality. Dental biofilm–induced gingivitis was common (52%) and associated with poorer OHRQoL. Key determinants for gingival inflammation included socioeconomic status, oral hygiene behaviours, pubertal changes and malocclusion. Based on current evidence, effective management of gingivitis in children should combine supervised toothbrushing with a fluoridated toothpaste and school- or caregiver-based oral health education. Adjunctive use of chlorhexidine may provide additional benefit in certain clinical situations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dental biofilm–induced gingivitis is frequent among children and adolescents and influenced by numerous determinants. Prevention and treatment should emphasise accessible, behaviour-focused and education-based strategies for biofilm control.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Periodontology","volume":"53 7","pages":"1226-1252"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jcpe.70122","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147536361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Periodontal Diseases and Conditions in Children and Adolescents Associated With Systemic Disorders: A Systematic Review","authors":"Ana Molina,&nbsp;Joerg Meyle,&nbsp;Diana Ram,&nbsp;Yong-Hee Patricia Chun,&nbsp;María Eugenia Colmenares,&nbsp;Esti Davidovich","doi":"10.1111/jcpe.70109","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpe.70109","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To systematically evaluate congenital and acquired systemic diseases and conditions in children and adolescents, and their impact on periodontal tissues as well as influence on the onset and progression of gingivitis and periodontitis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Material and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic search was performed in three electronic databases to identify studies reporting on the epidemiology, aetiology, risk factors, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of systemic diseases and conditions in children and adolescents &lt; 18 years, affecting periodontal tissues and modifying the course/outcomes of periodontal diseases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 463 studies were included in the qualitative analysis, reporting on 71 different diseases and conditions. The medical conditions identified were classified into two groups, based upon the nature of pathogenic mechanisms affecting the periodontium: (1) genetic, congenital and acquired systemic conditions that impact periodontal tissue structure, and (2) systemic diseases and conditions that impact the onset/progression of periodontal diseases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A vast group of systemic congenital and acquired diseases and conditions affecting children and adolescents was identified that may impact the morphology, function and/or pathophysiological processes of the periodontal tissues and affect the onset/progression of periodontal diseases, which in some cases leads to severe forms of gingival inflammation, premature loss of attachment and tooth loss.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Periodontology","volume":"53 7","pages":"1199-1225"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147702217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Orthodontic Tooth Movement on Intrabony Periodontal Defects After Guided Tissue Regeneration—Part I: Human Histologic Evaluation of 20 Consecutive Cases","authors":"Pal Nagy,&nbsp;Peter Windisch,&nbsp;Balint Nemes,&nbsp;Peter Schupbach,&nbsp;Andrea Dobos,&nbsp;Andreas Stavropoulos","doi":"10.1111/jcpe.70134","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpe.70134","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To histologically evaluate the healing of intrabony periodontal defects treated with guided tissue regeneration (GTR), if it is combined with orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) or used as a sole treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty subjects requiring regenerative periodontal therapy and OTM were treated with the use of extended, coronally advanced flaps according to the GTR techniques with the utilization of deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) particles. Patients either received early initiation of OTM (test) or had their teeth splinted (control) after the surgical intervention. Re-entry procedures were scheduled 9 months postoperatively to obtain a biopsy from the previous defect sites. The primary outcome variable comprised histological and histomorphometric analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Control group cases (<i>n</i> = 9) revealed nice embedding of graft particles into newly formed bone, which were predominantly present in the central and apical third of the biopsy samples. The coronally located DBBM was more often encapsulated in the connective tissue. Test samples (<i>n</i> = 10), both at the tension and pressure sites, demonstrated incorporation of a reduced graft ratio into newly formed bone. Ongoing bone formation and the presumably orthodontic-induced remodeling also interfered with the bone substitute material. Histomorphometry showed a distribution of 17.4% versus 33.9% new bone (<i>p</i> = 0.011), 33.2% versus 16.3% graft ratio (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and 49.4% versus 49.7% soft tissue components (<i>p</i> = 0.74) in the control versus test groups, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Early initiation of tooth movement does not appear to adversely affect periodontal bone healing. A pronounced graft reduction and new bone formation in test patients, compared to those in controls, occurred presumably due to the effects of orthodontic-induced bone remodeling.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Periodontology","volume":"53 7","pages":"1005-1015"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jcpe.70134","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147725922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Periodontitis and Methodological Aspects of the 2018 EFP/AAP Classification—The Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-TREND)","authors":"Sonya Nafz,&nbsp;Thomas Kocher,&nbsp;Christiane Pink,&nbsp;Henry Völzke,&nbsp;Philipp Kanzow,&nbsp;Birte Holtfreter","doi":"10.1111/jcpe.70137","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpe.70137","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To estimate the prevalence of periodontitis and highlight methodological issues using the Application of the 2018 Periodontal Status Classification to Epidemiological Survey Data (ACES) framework.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used data from the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-TREND; age 20–84 years). Periodontal status was recorded using a half-mouth protocol. We estimated the prevalence of periodontitis, evaluated changes in the assignment of stages to combinations of available complexity factors, associated periodontal status with 7-year tooth loss and illustrated agreement with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology (CDC/AAP) classification.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The total prevalence of periodontitis was 78.6%; 18.0% and 17.4% were Stage III and Stage IV, respectively. Grade C was exhibited by 49.1% of Stage III cases and 37.8% of Stage IV cases. Assignment of stage changed only marginally when complexity factors were considered in addition to interdental clinical attachment levels. Three percent of Stage IV cases and 15.2% of non-classified cases became toothless. Adjusted incidence rates for tooth loss were 3.60 for Stage III cases, 6.55 for non-classified cases and 8.69 for Stage IV cases. Severe cases (CDC/AAP) corresponded primarily to Stage III (42.9%) and Stage IV (53.0%) cases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For public health purposes, caution should be exercised when translating the periodontitis prevalence according to the ACES framework into treatment requirements. Furthermore, complex and effective interventions are required for non-classified and Stage IV cases in order to prevent tooth loss and edentulism.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Periodontology","volume":"53 7","pages":"1046-1055"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jcpe.70137","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147754911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors and Management of Gingival Enlargement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Luigi Nibali, Emily Ming-Chieh Lu, Helvis E S Paz, Jing Kang, Nagihan Bostanci, Georgios N Belibasakis","doi":"10.1111/jcpe.70125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.70125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify risk factors/indicators of gingival enlargement (GE) and to summarise evidence for its management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review was undertaken following PRISMA guidelines and divided into PECOTS and PICOTS questions, related to risk factors/indicators and treatment studies, respectively. Literature search was performed on the electronic databases PubMed in Medline and Ovid in EMBASE.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From an initial screening of 3609 entries, 349 papers were eventually included, including 299 for PECOT and 50 for PICOT. In most studies, GE was drug-influenced (DIGE), while in other cases it was related to fixed orthodontic treatment, dental prostheses, hormones, medical conditions, hereditary gingival fibromatosis or idiopathic. Meta-analyses revealed that a substantial proportion of patients on phenytoin, calcium-channel blockers (CCBs) and cyclosporine A (CsA) were affected by DIGE. Patients on CCBs had significantly higher DIGE than those on other antihypertensives, while those on cyclosporine A had significantly more DIGE risk than those on tacrolimus. Poor oral hygiene was the most consistent risk factor associated with a higher risk of GE, while other factors (e.g., younger age in immunosuppressed patients) showed associations in specific contexts. Among treatment studies, oral hygiene instructions (OHIs) and professional mechanical plaque removal (PMPR) appeared effective at improving GE. Among potential adjuncts, systemic azithromycin or change of the offending medication emerged as valid options.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Use of phenytoin, CCBs and CsA and fixed orthodontic treatment were associated with the incidence of GE, particularly in the presence of poor oral hygiene. Based on consistent evidence, OHIs and PMPR appear to be necessary in patients who need to start or are undergoing therapy with phenytoin, CCBs, cyclosporine A or orthodontic treatment. Adjunctive treatments may be beneficial in severe or recurrent cases of gingival enlargement.</p>","PeriodicalId":15380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Periodontology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148205217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Periodontology","volume":"53 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148062604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Periodontology","volume":"53 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148077179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Adjunctive Agents in the Management of Biofilm-Induced Gingivitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Elena Figuero, Crystal Marruganti, Nagore Ambrosio, Rossana Izzetti, Jorge Serrano, Filippo Graziani","doi":"10.1111/jcpe.70121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.70121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>In systemically healthy humans with gingivitis, what is the efficacy of active agents compared to negative control/placebo when used adjunctively to mechanical biofilm control in terms of changes in gingivitis/bleeding indices and/or disease resolution in randomised controlled clinical trials (RCTs) with at least 3-months follow-up?</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Electronic searches, study selection, data extraction, risk of bias analysis, meta-analyses and certainty of the evidence were performed (GRADE).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy-two RCTs were included (antiseptics n = 71; systemic intake n = 1). High heterogeneity was found in the definition of gingivitis. Antiseptic agents showed greater reductions in bleeding (%) than control groups at 3 months (n_comparison [n_c] = 19; weighted mean differences [WMD] = 10.66%; p < 0.001) and 6 months (n_c = 20; WMD = 10.79%; p < 0.001). Gingivitis resolution was rarely determined. Prevalence of local adverse effect (tooth-related and soft-tissue-related) varied from 0% to 13.1%. Systemic effects were scarcely evaluated.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In adults with gingivitis, the adjunctive use of specific antiseptics determined higher reduction of gingival inflammation at 3 months (moderate evidence for stannous fluoride and low-to-very low for chlorhexidine, essential oils or cetylpyridinium chloride [CPC]) and 6 months (moderate for chlorhexidine, low for CPC and very low for essential oils) over placebo/negative controls. Adverse effects are neither frequently nor extensively reported. Gingivitis resolution is rarely reported and achieved.</p>","PeriodicalId":15380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Periodontology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147874304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}