CHI 98 Conference Summary on Human Factors in Computing Systems最新文献

{"title":"Tickertape: awareness in a single line","authors":"G. Fitzpatrick, S. Parsowith, Bill Segall, S. Kaplan","doi":"10.1145/286498.286760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/286498.286760","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes an awareness tool called Tickertape. Tickertape is a lightweight, highly tailorable tool that provides an interface to a world of transient information via a single-line scrolling message window. We overview Tickertape, describing both its unidirectional and bidirectional message groups and its time-out feature. We then illustrate how it is being used within one organisation.","PeriodicalId":153619,"journal":{"name":"CHI 98 Conference Summary on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130435630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical versus empirical evaluation of spatial displays","authors":"Mountaz Hascoët","doi":"10.1145/286498.286739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/286498.286739","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a methodology for evaluating spatial display techniques. Our approach is based on two different types of evaluation : analytical experiments and user studies. This approach is important because it uncovers aspects not detected when either technique is used alone. We apply this approach to the comparison of two different layout techniques.","PeriodicalId":153619,"journal":{"name":"CHI 98 Conference Summary on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131348800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distance learning: is it the end of education as most of us know it?","authors":"D. Laurillard, J. Preece, B. Shneiderman, Lisa Gualtieri, Yvonne Wærn","doi":"10.1145/286498.286542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/286498.286542","url":null,"abstract":"Jenny Preece Ben Shneiderman Information Systems Department Department of Computer Science University of Maryland University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore, MD 21250 USA +14104556238 preece@umbc. edu College Park, MD 20742 USA +l 301-405-2680","PeriodicalId":153619,"journal":{"name":"CHI 98 Conference Summary on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126402153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing color in interactive systems","authors":"M. A. Mooney","doi":"10.1145/286498.286649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/286498.286649","url":null,"abstract":"Color in the HCI community is often undervalued as to its relationship to the user and product. Aesthetics and cultural preferences are rarely considered adequately when product and interface colors are chosen. Since ninety percent of our knowledge of the world comes to us through sight, how we respond to light is intrinsic to the nature of human interaction. In this tutorial, I will explain the perceptual, physiological, and color management principles that underlie effective visual design with color. You will learn how to apply these principles to the design of graphical user interfaces, information displays, products and virtual environments. This tutorial is directed towards interface designers, human factors engineers, usability specialists, and developers of on-line information. This course is also valuable to virtual environment designers and product designers. You should have experience in developing user interfaces, in creating and manipulating digital imagery, or in designing products and virtual environments. Vision, light and color I will explain the physiology of human perception and how it relates to image representation. I will review how the concept of gamma correction, which is ubiquitous in computer graphics and video, accomplishes “perceptually-uniform” coding yet accounts for the variance of color rendering between devices. This will give you a basis of understanding for whether two different intensity levels can be distinguished. Human vision adapts over a wide range of intensities. Your viewer’s impression of your work will be determined by her viewing conditions, so you must take into account the expected viewing conditions when you create your work. Visual acuity is at a maximum only in a small portion of the visual field. As the angle from the center of the gaze increases, acuity is reduced, but sensitivity to movement and flicker increases. To make effective use of vision in an interactive system, you must be familiar with these characteristics. Contrast sensitivity is the measure of visual acuity. Familiarity with contrast sensitivity will help you to determine how much detail you can expect your viewer to perceive. I will define contrast ratio, and explain how you can maximize contrast ratio to improve subjective sharpness. Rarely in the science of color is it explained that it is the size and shape of an object and the colors generated in the surrounding visual field that influence our perception of a color. I will explain how Dithering creates the illusion of a large number of hues and tones or colors in a limited medium. I will explain how you can employ perceptual principles to use halftoning and dithering effectively. The characteristics of vision explain which combinations of colors and patterns are effective, and which are not. The phenomenon of chromostereopsis causes blue to appear at a different depth in some circumstances; I will demonstrate this effect. I will review the reasons that blue exhibits poor shar","PeriodicalId":153619,"journal":{"name":"CHI 98 Conference Summary on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126046783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the use of pictographical representations for TV menus","authors":"J. H. D. M. Westerink, M. van der Korst, G. Roberts","doi":"10.1145/286498.286706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/286498.286706","url":null,"abstract":"We address the use ofpictographic representations in an entertainment-type, domestic situation of use. In a small-scale experiment 20 sub.jects worked with two versions of a TV-guide simulation: one mainly pictographically-based, one mainly text-based. They were asked for their impressions as well as requested to f’ulfil a series of tasks covering the entire functionality of the TV-guide. Conclusions underline the necessity of some form of personalization in the user interface, and the importance of efficiency and effectiveness despite the enhanced attractiveness through enhanced graphics.","PeriodicalId":153619,"journal":{"name":"CHI 98 Conference Summary on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126827023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grammex: defining grammars by example","authors":"H. Lieberman, B. Nardi, David J. Wright","doi":"10.1145/286498.286504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/286498.286504","url":null,"abstract":"Parsers are powerful tools for computer understanding of text, whether the language is a natural language or a formal language. To make the computational power of these tools fully available to an end user, a parser should be userextensible. Until now, a user who wished to control a parser was forced to write or edit a grammar, a text file containing rules. Editing grammars is often difftcult and error-prone for end users since the effect of writing specific rules, and interaction between rules, can often be unclear. Grammex [“Grammars by Example”] is the first direct manipulation interface designed to allow ordinary users to define grammars interactively. Instead of writing a grammar in an abstract rule language, the user presents concrete examples of text that he or she would like the parser to recognize. The user describes the text by selecting substrings, and choosing possible interpretations of the text from popup menus of suggestions heuristically computed by Grammex. Grammex compiles grammar rules that can be used as the input to a traditional parser. PARSERS AND GRAMMARS Parsers are beginning to be deployed as an integral part d the text editing facilities available across all computer applications. Examples are Apple Data Detectors [4] and the Intel Selection Recognition Agent [5]. Apple Data Detectors finds phone numbers, email addresses and URLs in free text These facilities allow automatic recognition of simple, commonly occurring text patterns such as e-mail addresses, URLs, or date formats. Typically, the set of patterns recognized by the parser is to be programmed by a highly expert user, a grammar writer skilled in computational linguistics. The end user is merely expected to invoke the parser and use its results. However, no set of patterns supplied by experts can be","PeriodicalId":153619,"journal":{"name":"CHI 98 Conference Summary on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116101112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distance Learning","authors":"L. Neal","doi":"10.1145/286498.286640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/286498.286640","url":null,"abstract":"This tutorial covers how to design and deliver a distance learning class. The motivation for distance learning programs is presented, along with the selection, deployment, and use of distance learning technologies. We examine how preparing and teaching a distance learning class is different from a face-to-face class and how to evaluate the effectiveness of a distance learning class. Case studies will illustrate the use of distance learning technologies and the broad range of situations and institutions in which distance learning is employed.","PeriodicalId":153619,"journal":{"name":"CHI 98 Conference Summary on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115256315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SIG: children and the Internet","authors":"Debra Lieberman","doi":"10.1145/286498.286854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/286498.286854","url":null,"abstract":"Keeping these overarching issues in mind, our discussion will focus on children’s content and format preferences, examples of high-quality children’s Web sites, how to evaluate the quality of existing sites, how to determine whether a site is appropriate for children by age group, how to design age-appropriate sites, safety and privacy issues, guidelines for children’s Internet use, integrating the Internet into the K-12 curriculum, and involving families in online activities. Participants will be encouraged to share their experiences using the Internet with children, developing kid-oriented sites, conducting usability testing, conducting outcomes research, and designing educational activities that include the Internet as a component.","PeriodicalId":153619,"journal":{"name":"CHI 98 Conference Summary on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115306794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital production: using alien technology","authors":"M. Swain","doi":"10.1145/286498.286554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/286498.286554","url":null,"abstract":"The love and hatred of computers has been raised to new levels in the motion picture industry. Producers and Directors now demand the impossible. Film makers are addicted to the reality that computer animation and digital effects bring to their summer block busters, thus a relatively new industry Digital Production/Effects is flourishing. Box office revenues are on the increase as more movie patrons flock to the theaters than in years past. So, what’s wrong? Movie budgets are sky rocketing with digital artists working around the clock to bring the directors vision to the big screen. The number of effects shots in feature films are increasing by the hundreds. The steady advancements in both computer hardware and software packages have allowed for some of this industry growth. The rest of the growth has come from artists shackled to their workstations for 10-l 8 hours a day, sometimes 6 to 7 days a week. This results in a burn out cycle that leaves artists tired, frustrated, and sometimes injured with repetitive stress injuries (RSI). The solution to the growing number of effects and massive budgets of feature films may not be heaping hundreds of artists on each film project, but in how the artist interacts with the computer.","PeriodicalId":153619,"journal":{"name":"CHI 98 Conference Summary on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121712805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study of commenting agents as design support","authors":"Michael Ericsson, Magnus Baurén, J. Löwgren, Yvonne Wærn","doi":"10.1145/286498.286714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/286498.286714","url":null,"abstract":"Sixteen subjects were observed using a simulated (Wizard-of-Oz) commenting agent in a design support system. Different commenting behavior was tested, and the overall usefulness evaluated. The interaction was logged and recorded on video, and the subjects rated the agent with respect to usefulness, understandability, system competence, disturbance and perceived stress. Perceived mental workload was measured using RTLX. The results show that a commenting tool is seen as disturbing but useful, that the comments from an active tool risk being overlooked, and that comments pointing out ways of overcoming identified design problems are the easiest to understand.","PeriodicalId":153619,"journal":{"name":"CHI 98 Conference Summary on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116778639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}