Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Contrast-induced acute kidney injury: from pathophysiology to risk prediction and prevention strategies.","authors":"Pooja Anjanappa, Sunita Kularia, Yogendra Shrestha","doi":"10.1515/jbcpp-2025-0222","DOIUrl":"10.1515/jbcpp-2025-0222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Concerns regarding contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) remain significant due to the increasing use of iodinated contrast agents (ICM) in diagnostic and medical procedures. Although the frequency of CI-AKI has decreased over the decades, it continues to be a major cause of hospital-acquired acute kidney damage, thereby elevating the risk of mortality, morbidity, and prolonged hospital stays. The complex pathophysiology of CI-AKI involves vasoconstriction, oxidative stress, renal medullary hypoxia, inflammatory responses, and direct tubular toxicity. Recent discoveries have identified ferroptosis and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) as additional mechanisms contributing to endothelial and tubular damage. Furthermore, microRNAs such as miR-30c, miR-21, and miR-141-3p have emerged as preliminary biomarkers and therapeutic targets due to their regulatory effects on cellular apoptosis and inflammatory pathways. Procedural controversies persist regarding the risk differences between intravenous and intra-arterial contrast administration; however, evidence suggests that patient comorbidities and procedural complexity, rather than the route of administration alone, determine the risk of CI-AKI. Risk stratification tools, such as the Mehran and ACEF scores, provide frameworks for identifying high-risk patients and guiding preventive strategies. This review integrates an understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of CI-AKI, clarifies procedural debates, and highlights emerging biomarkers and risk models.</p>","PeriodicalId":15352,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"201-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146105683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of risk factors and electrocardiographic changes in chronic kidney disease patients.","authors":"Sanjaya Kumar Panigrahi, Madhuchhanda Pattnaik, Aruna Acharya","doi":"10.1515/jbcpp-2024-0068","DOIUrl":"10.1515/jbcpp-2024-0068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health issue with significant morbidity and mortality, particularly due to cardiovascular events. Early identification and management of risk factors are crucial to prevent CKD progression and complications. CKD is heterogeneous with diverse etiologies and presentations, generalizing across populations challenging. This study aims to develop accurate predictive models for cardiovascular events in CKD patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Biosensors capture key parameters, including SpO₂ (Oxygen saturation), PR (Pulse rate), Pi (Perfusion index), RRp (Respiration rate), and PVi (Pleth variability index), enabling comprehensive evaluation of physiological dynamics in CKD patients. Stacked Auto-Encoders (SAEs) are applied for diagnostics. Genetic risk score (GRS) and nongenetic risk score (NGRS) models are developed using natural logarithms of odds ratios (OR) of risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The models integrate properties of each factor with weighted contributions to create predictive models for CKD. A novel machine learning technique incorporates automatic machine learning (AutoML).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The models integrate properties of each factor with weighted contributions to create predictive models for CKD. A novel machine learning technique incorporates automatic machine learning (AutoML).</p>","PeriodicalId":15352,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"119-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146105717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two hours of urine output are a reliable parameter for intravenous furosemide adequacy and the need for doubling dose in acute heart failure: a prospective study.","authors":"Mochamad Y Alsagaff, Hendri Susilo, Christian Pramudia, Louisa F K Wardhani, Irma Maghfirah, Yusuf Azmi, Rieka N D Anggraeni, Wenny P Nilamsari, Dinda M Nusantara","doi":"10.1515/jbcpp-2025-0041","DOIUrl":"10.1515/jbcpp-2025-0041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study compared urine output at 2 and 6 h post-furosemide and explored factors influencing diuretic efficacy in acute heart failure (AHF).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective study (June-August 2023) included AHF patients (≥18 years) with NT-proBNP ≥300 pg/mL. Urinary spot sodium and urine output were measured at baseline, 2, and 6 h after 40 mg IV furosemide.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 32 patients, 26 (81.25 %) had satisfactory urine output, and 30 (93.75 %) met the target urinary sodium concentration at 2 h. No significant difference in mean urine output was found between the 2 and 6 h intervals (267 ± 189 mL vs. 298 ± 149 mL, p=0.099). Urine output correlated strongly with urinary sodium concentration (p < 0.001, R²=0.683). Serum creatinine was a significant predictor of urine output (p=0.007).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The comparable urine output at 2 and 6 h suggests that a 2 h assessment may be sufficient to evaluate diuretic response and guide dose adjustments in AHF.</p>","PeriodicalId":15352,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"57-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146029502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metformin modulates antioxidant and anti-inflammatory biomarkers in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: an observational study.","authors":"Saurav Misra, Tirthankar Deb, Savita Devi, Amandeep Singh, Richa Goel","doi":"10.1515/jbcpp-2025-0201","DOIUrl":"10.1515/jbcpp-2025-0201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic condition marked by high blood sugar levels. As a primary treatment for type 2 diabetes (T2DM), metformin has demonstrated positive effects on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory biomarkers in newly diagnosed patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a prospective observational study. Blood samples were collected three times to analyse biomarkers. The study involved newly diagnosed T2DM patients who provided written informed consent. The assessments included plasma lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Additionally, interleukin-6 (IL-6) was measured to evaluate inflammation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HbA1c levels significantly decreased at the 6-month follow-up. Analysis showed a reduction in SOD levels at each visit, with a statistically significant difference between the first and second follow-ups (p=0.03028). MDA levels also decreased at each visit, with a statistically significant difference between the first and second follow-ups (p<0.05). Catalase levels increased at each visit, but only between the first and second follow-ups (p=0.03124). IL-6 levels decreased at each visit, with a statistically significant difference between the first and second follow-ups (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Metformin reduces oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes, aiding in protecting cells and tissues.</p>","PeriodicalId":15352,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"213-222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146010706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study of pulmonary function in hypothyroid female patients of reproductive age group and its correlation with free T3, T4 and TSH.","authors":"Sunandhinidevi Sivakumar, Bhavya Ramakumar Latha, Saravanan Ayyavoo, Thamarai Selvi Kanagaraj, Prabhavathi Krishnan, Kalyani Praba Prem Sundar","doi":"10.1515/jbcpp-2024-0169","DOIUrl":"10.1515/jbcpp-2024-0169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Hypothyroidism is common among females of reproductive age group. The prevalence is 10.95 % of which 3.47 % are unaware of the condition and its effect on lung function. To study the pulmonary function among hypothyroid females of reproductive age group and to identify the respiratory disease pattern and also to correlate free T3, T4 and TSH Levels with pulmonary function test parameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a case control study, comprised of 156 participants divided into two groups (n₁ and n₂). Group 1 consisted of normal healthy female controls and group 2 consisted of hypothyroid female patients of age group 18-45 years. After recording anthropometric variables, vital signs and BMI, spirometry was performed and following parameters, FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEF, PIF and FEF_25-75 % were assessed and analyzed. Statistical analysis and correlation was done.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hypothyroid patients showed a statistically significant decline in FEV1, FEV1/FVC%. Rho and Pearson's correlation showed a positive correlation between free T4 and FEV1, FEV1/FVC%, PIF, FEF_25-75 %, with FEF_25-75 % statistically significant. TSH showed a negative correlation with FVC, PEF and PIF with PEF statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study shows that patients with hypothyroidism are more prone to develop obstructive pattern of lung disease, with a decline in small airway and large airway function.</p>","PeriodicalId":15352,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"45-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145933498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The transformative role of GLP-1 receptor agonists in obesity and chronic disease: clinical insights from a dialogue with artificial intelligence.","authors":"Rahi Gandhi","doi":"10.1515/jbcpp-2025-0209","DOIUrl":"10.1515/jbcpp-2025-0209","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15352,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"263-265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145911810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum copper, rubidium, selenium, strontium, and zinc and psychophysical health in adults of the Sarno river Basin: PREVES-STOP 2025 community biomonitoring results.","authors":"Luca Scafuri, Raffaele Baio, Carlo Buonerba, Felice Crocetto, Antonio Verde, Antonella Ferraioli, Vittorio Riccio, Serena Rizzano, Sara Rizzano, Armando Pisapia, Vittorino Montanaro, Emily Ronga, Giuseppe Romeo, Antonio Ruffo, Matteo Ferro, Mauro Iuliano, Marco Trifuoggi, Alessandra Marano, Gaetano De Tommaso, Flavia Conte, Rossella Di Trolio, Oriana Strianese, Alessia Vitolo, Luigia Maglione, Paola Tarantino, Francesco Stanzione, Francesca Cappuccio, Ferdinando Costabile, Giuseppe Di Lorenzo","doi":"10.1515/jbcpp-2025-0195","DOIUrl":"10.1515/jbcpp-2025-0195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Evaluate associations between serum copper (Cu), rubidium (Rb), selenium (Se), strontium (Sr), and zinc (Zn) and psychophysical health in adults from Italy's Sarno River Basin within the 2025 PREVES-STOP program.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adults aged 30-65 completed validated questionnaires plus clinical evaluation and blood sampling. Elements were quantified by collision/reaction-cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Associations were evaluated using Spearman and partial Spearman correlations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant associations included Zn and Rb associated with lower odds (odds ratio, OR) of severe fatigue - Recognizing and Estimating Signs of Tiredness (REST): Zn OR=0.38, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.21-0.68, q=0.02; Rb OR=0.33, 95 % CI 0.15-0.71, q=0.03 - while Sr was associated with higher well-being - the World Health Organization-5 Well-Being Index (WHO-5) OR=1.36, 95 % CI 1.12-1.65, q=0.02.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings support broader trace-element panels to inform psychophysical and cardiometabolic risk beyond classical toxic metals, complementing prior PREVES-STOP evidence on lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). Further investigation is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":15352,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"229-241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145892513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Echoes of a silent rupture: acute right ventricular failure due to post-ischemic ventricular septal defect in the emergency department - a case report.","authors":"Mariateresa Pontoriero, Claudia Serra, Arianna Piglia, Giuseppe Ambrosio, Dimitri Garifalos, Claudio Marra, Fabio Giuliano Numis","doi":"10.1515/jbcpp-2025-0198","DOIUrl":"10.1515/jbcpp-2025-0198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Post-infarction ventricular septal defect is a rare but severe mechanical complication of acute myocardial infarction that can lead to cardiogenic shock and carries a high mortality rate. Early recognition and multidisciplinary management are essential for improving survival.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 58-year-old previously healthy woman presented to the Emergency Department with syncope and cardiogenic shock due to an anterior myocardial infarction. Echocardiography revealed an apical ventricular septal defect with severe biventricular dysfunction and right ventricular failure, confirmed by computed tomography. Urgent coronary angiography demonstrated total occlusion of the left anterior descending artery, treated with stent implantation. Despite maximal medical therapy, she required emergency surgical repair with patch closure and concomitant coronary bypass grafting.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case highlights the challenges of post-infarction VSD presenting with predominant right sided heart failure, requiring rapid and multidisciplinary management, including prompt surgical intervention, and advanced mechanical circulatory support.</p>","PeriodicalId":15352,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"147-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145888860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of flower pollen extract with vitamins in improving urinary and sexual function in patients with chronic prostatitis: a retrospective study.","authors":"Carlo Giulioni, Valentina Maurizi, Federico Falsetti, Felice Crocetto, Angelo Cafarelli","doi":"10.1515/jbcpp-2025-0200","DOIUrl":"10.1515/jbcpp-2025-0200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the efficacy and safety of Flower Pollen Extract with Vitamins (PEV) in improving urinary and sexual function in men diagnosed with chronic prostatitis (CP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective controlled study was conducted involving 145 men with CP. Participants were divided into two groups: the intervention group received PEV (n=71) and the control group received ibuprofen (n=74). Clinical and functional outcomes were evaluated at baseline and at 1, 3, and 12 months post-treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both groups exhibited comparable baseline characteristics. At 3 months, the PEV group demonstrated significantly greater improvement in IPSS (9.4 ± 2.7 vs. 10.3 ± 2.6, p=0.04), NIH-CPSI (11.5 ± 3.7 vs. 13.6 ± 4.2, p=0.002), and IIEF-5 (19.8 ± 3.6 vs. 17.7 ± 3.3, p<0.001). These benefits were maintained and further enhanced at 12 months, with mean IPSS 7.6 ± 2.1, NIH-CPSI 6.5 ± 2.4, and IIEF-5 21.6 ± 3.3 in the PEV group (all p<0.005). No significant differences were observed in Qmax.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Long-term PEV therapy significantly improves urinary and sexual function in men with CP compared with ibuprofen treatment, demonstrating sustained, time-dependent efficacy and excellent safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":15352,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"223-228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145827698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence applied to achalasia: an emerging frontier in precision motility care? State of the art and future prospects.","authors":"Agostino Fernicola, Domenico Parmeggiani, Felice Crocetto, Murtaja Satea Shafeea, Alessio Cece, Armando Calogero, Annunziata Gaetana Cicatiello, Giacomo Benassai, Gennaro Quarto, Michele Santangelo","doi":"10.1515/jbcpp-2025-0184","DOIUrl":"10.1515/jbcpp-2025-0184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Esophageal achalasia is a rare motility disorder characterized by impaired lower esophageal sphincter relaxation and absent peristalsis. Diagnostic tools such as high-resolution manometry (HRM) and functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP) have improved disease recognition; however, interpretation remains complex and highly operator dependent. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising approach to automate data analysis and enhance diagnostic accuracy, but its specific role in achalasia is not yet clearly defined.</p><p><strong>Content: </strong>A narrative review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, searching for studies published up to June 2025 that investigated AI applications in esophageal motility disorders, with particular attention to achalasia. Search terms included \"artificial intelligence,\" \"machine learning,\" \"achalasia,\" \"esophageal motility,\" and \"high-resolution manometry.\" Although no prospective or interventional studies directly evaluating AI in achalasia were identified, several retrospective proof-of-concept studies applied AI algorithms to HRM and FLIP data. These studies demonstrated the feasibility of automated classification of esophageal motility disorders, with high accuracy in differentiating motility subtypes potentially applicable to achalasia. Exploratory research on AI-assisted imaging and outcome prediction also showed encouraging results.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Current evidence suggests that AI-based models can accurately analyze complex esophageal motility data and reduce interobserver variability. While direct clinical evidence in achalasia remains limited, existing studies provide a solid methodological foundation for AI-assisted diagnosis, classification, and clinical decision support in this condition.</p><p><strong>Outlook: </strong>Future research should focus on prospective validation, multicenter data collection, and multimodal integration of clinical, physiologic, and imaging data. With targeted development and ethical governance, AI has the potential to enhance diagnostic precision, support personalized treatment strategies, and advance precision motility care in patients with achalasia.</p>","PeriodicalId":15352,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"157-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145834017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}