Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology最新文献

{"title":"The pharmacokinetics and comparative bioavailabilty of oral and subcutaneous semaglutide in healthy volunteers.","authors":"Mohammed Bouhajib, Zia Tayab, Chantal Di Marco, Dennis Dong-Kyun Suh","doi":"10.1515/jbcpp-2025-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jbcpp-2025-0026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In this study, the comparative bioavailability of semaglutide following the administration of oral (PO) and subcutaneous (SC) doses in healthy subjects was evaluated. The pharmacokinetics of semaglutide of these formulations at lower doses (SC dose of 0.25 mg; PO dose of 3 mg) was examined by utilizing a sensitive bioanalytical method.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-two subjects were administered either 0.25 mg SC or 3 mg PO and blood samples were taken up to 504 h. The samples were assayed for semaglutide with an analytical range of 0.05-50 ng/mL. The pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using a non-compartmental approach and were used to evaluate the comparative bioavailability of semaglutide.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The pharmacokinetics of semaglutide was characterized following the administration of low subcutaneous and oral doses. The comparative bioavailability (PO relative to SC) was 0.66 % at the doses administered. Overall, the study drug was well tolerated, and no serious adverse events were reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The bioavailability of semaglutide following oral and subcutaneous administrations has been determined using a validated bioanalytical method. This method will enable more investigations into the pharmacokinetics of all formulations of semaglutide at lower doses, which will enable a better understanding of its' disposition in healthy subjects and in patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":15352,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144159342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current trends and innovations in oral and maxillofacial surgery.","authors":"Giovanni Salzano, Francesco Maffia, Giovanni Dell'Aversana Orabona","doi":"10.1515/jbcpp-2025-0042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jbcpp-2025-0042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This manuscript reviews advancements in oral and maxillofacial surgery, encompassing minimally invasive techniques, innovations in implant dentistry, regenerative medicine, innovations in temporomandibular joint, and novel methodologies in salivary gland surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive analysis of recent developments in the field is presented, focusing on the integration of new technologies and biological therapies. Emphasis is placed on minimally invasive procedures, virtual surgical planning with CAD/CAM and 3D printing, implant design and placement innovations, and regenerative approaches.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Minimally invasive procedures, often employing endoscopic or robotic assistance, reduce surgical morbidity and accelerate patient recovery. Virtual surgical planning and 3D printing enhance pre-surgical accuracy. Innovations in implant design, surface modification, and guided surgery improve prosthetic outcomes. Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, including the use of growth factors and stem cells, offer new options for tissue restoration. In temporomandibular joint disorders, these strategies aim to improve function and reduce reliance on arthroplasty. The use of superficial dermal substitutes in salivary gland surgery reduces complications such as Frey syndrome.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These advancements reflect a paradigm shift in oral and maxillofacial surgery, enhancing patient care and expanding the field's potential through precision, biologically based therapies, and less invasive approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":15352,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical significance of detectable blood lead and cadmium in the Sarno river basin population: results from the PREVES-STOP study.","authors":"Giuseppe Di Lorenzo, Carlo Buonerba, Felice Crocetto, Raffaele Baio, Antonio Verde, Vittorino Montanaro, Federica Fortino, Alessia N Calabrese, Concetta Ingenito, Rossella Di Trolio, Serena Rizzano, Armando Pisapia, Vittorio Riccio, Emma Costa, Giovanni Riccio, Carla Errico, Francesco Del Giudice, Antonio Aliberti, Ferdinando Costabile, Giuseppina Busto, Annamaria Libroia, Antonio Coppola, Arcangelo Saggese Tozzi, Oriana Strianese, Luca Scafuri","doi":"10.1515/jbcpp-2025-0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jbcpp-2025-0037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The Sarno river basin (Italy) is a region characterized by significant environmental pollution, raising concerns about heavy metal exposure in residents. The PREVES-STOP Initiative aims to address these concerns. This study investigates the prevalence of detectable blood lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in a cohort of adults from this area and examines associations with key health indicators.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study analyzed data from 75 adults (aged 30-65) participating in the PREVES-STOP Initiative. Participants completed comprehensive questionnaires assessing demographics, medical history, lifestyle factors (smoking, physical activity), and psychometric measures (fatigue, anxiety/depression, sleep quality). Blood samples were analyzed for Pb and Cd using established methods, with detectable levels defined as≥2 μg/100 mL (Pb) and ≥0.5 μg/L (Cd).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Detectable Pb (18.67 % of participants) was significantly associated with higher systolic blood pressure, hemoglobin, and MCH, and inversely correlated with HDL cholesterol. Poorer sleep quality was also associated with detectable Pb. Detectable Cd (28 % of participants) was significantly associated with higher systolic blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, neutrophil count, and with higher odds of having a history of autoimmune diseases. Multivariate regression models, adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, and BMI, were used to determine these associations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates that even low-level exposure to Pb and Cd in the Sarno river basin is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. The PREVES-STOP Initiative provides a valuable framework for community-based health assessment and intervention in areas affected by environmental pollution.</p>","PeriodicalId":15352,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glucagon in glucose homeostasis and metabolic disease: from physiology to therapeutics.","authors":"Abdulbasit Amin, Toyin Mohammed Salman","doi":"10.1515/jbcpp-2025-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jbcpp-2025-0005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glucagon, a key hormone in glucose homeostasis, plays a central role in maintaining blood glucose levels through hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Historically, glucagon secretion was believed to be primarily regulated by insulin via the \"insulin switch-off\" hypothesis, where reduced insulin levels triggered glucagon release. However, this view has been revisited as emerging evidence highlights the complexity of glucagon regulation. New studies demonstrate that glucose itself, along with amino acids and fatty acid oxidation, directly influences glucagon secretion, challenging the insulin-centric perspective. These findings reveal the metabolic versatility of pancreatic α-cells and their capacity to adapt to nutrient availability. Recent therapeutic innovations, such as glucagon receptor antagonists, dual GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonists, and modulators of hepatic glucagon signalling, offer promising strategies to mitigate hyperglycemia, improve energy balance, and address metabolic dysregulation. This review provides an in-depth analysis of glucagon's role in health and disease, emphasizing its therapeutic potential in managing diabetes and related metabolic conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15352,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143973482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of heavy metals exposure on male fertility: a scoping review of human studies.","authors":"Carlo Giulioni, Federico Falsetti, Valentina Maurizi, Francesco Del Giudice, Felice Crocetto, Ciro Imbimbo, Angelo Cafarelli","doi":"10.1515/jbcpp-2025-0049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jbcpp-2025-0049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Male infertility is a critical global health issue, with environmental and occupational exposure to heavy metals, such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and arsenic (As), impacting male reproductive health. This scoping review aims to evaluate the effects of heavy metal exposure on semen parameters.</p><p><strong>Content: </strong>This study adhered to the 2020 PRISMA framework. A broad literature search was performed on January 2025, using Embase, PUBMED, and Scopus. A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, and Scopus on January 12, 2025, using a combination of Medical Subject terms and keywords.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Of the 1,709 identified studies, 21 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Findings indicate that lead exposure negatively impacts sperm concentration, motility, and morphology, primarily through oxidative stress and enzymatic inhibition. Cadmium disrupts the blood-testis barrier and acrosomal function, leading to sperm abnormalities. Arsenic exposure is linked to oxidative stress, apoptosis, and impaired sperm motility.</p><p><strong>Outlook: </strong>The cumulative evidence supports a strong association between heavy metal exposure and male infertility. This review underscores the need for stricter occupational safety regulations and environmental policies to mitigate heavy metal exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":15352,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143992903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of systemic thrombolysis with reteplase in high-risk acute pulmonary embolism.","authors":"Leila Bigdelu, Mahla Deldar, Asal Yadollahi, Vafa Baradaran Rahimi","doi":"10.1515/jbcpp-2024-0188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jbcpp-2024-0188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>High-risk pulmonary embolism (PE) is known as the presence of hemodynamic instability and has a high mortality rate, which necessitates immediate reperfusion treatment. According to current PE treatment guidelines, alteplase is the approved and preferred agent for systemic thrombolysis. Herein, we present the efficacy and safety of systemic thrombolysis with reteplase in patients with high-risk PE.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present retrospective observational study includes 30 patients with high-risk acute PE undergoing systemic thrombolysis with reteplase. All patients were in obstructive shock. The thrombolytic regimen consisted of two bolus doses of 10 U reteplase, given 30 min apart, followed by intravenous heparin.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All patients had elevated cardiac troponin levels. D-dimer levels were elevated in 28 (93.3 %) patients. Systolic blood pressure increased after thrombolysis with reteplase, and the dyspnea, tachypnea, and coughing improved in all patients. Mean SPO₂ was 83.6 ± 6.96 % before treatment, which had risen to 95.7 ± 1.29 % after thrombolysis (p=0.059). Right ventricular dilatation was seen in all patients at presentation, which improved by 96.6 % after treatment and systolic pulmonary artery pressure decreased significantly in all patients at discharge. None of the patients needed to repeat thrombolytic therapy. There were no major hemorrhagic complications or death after thrombolysis, while 5 (16.7 %) patients experienced minor self-limiting bleeding.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Reteplase, as two bolus injections of 10 U given 30 min apart, is an effective thrombolytic regimen in treating acute high-risk PE with a low risk of major hemorrhagic complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":15352,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144025916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxygen Toxicity as a Function of Time and Po₂.","authors":"Ran Arieli","doi":"10.1515/jbcpp-1994-050106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jbcpp-1994-050106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The quantification of 0 2 toxicity as a function of exposure time (t) and Po2 has been based mainly on the empirical rectangular hyperbola. The non-linear response of the 02-damaged physiological variable (DMG) as a function of time at constant Po2 can be related to the dependence of dDMG/dt on the DMG. The kinetics of the 02 - derived chemical species suggests a power relationship between the DMG and Po2 rather than a linear relationship. The combination of time and Po2 considerations suggests two models: 1) DMG = a(ebt - l)Po2 c and 2) DMG = a-tbPo2 c, where a, b and c are constant. Non-linear regression of the different parameters of 0 2 toxicity showed a preference for model 2, with b=2. Possible mechanisms underlying the kinetics of 0 2 toxicity and the use of the equation for its prediction are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":15352,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology","volume":"5 1","pages":"67-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143998044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CONTENTS.","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/jbcpp-1994-toc0501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jbcpp-1994-toc0501","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15352,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology","volume":"5 1","pages":"I"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144002577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnesium Protects Against Anaphylactic Shock and Cardiac Myolysis in Guinea-Pigs.","authors":"Fabio Kusniec, Gabriella Fischer, Ben-Ami Sela, Yaakov Ashkenazy, Dan Fiegel, Sandra Moshonov, Uriel Zor","doi":"10.1515/jbcpp-1994-050104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jbcpp-1994-050104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The pathophysiological responses to immune stress (IS) include activation of several processes which are dependent on cytosolic Ca2+ elevation. Magnesium frequently acts as a natural Ca2+ antagonist. In this study we have observed that Mg2 + can protect guinea-pigs against IS. Antigen-sensitized guinea-pigs, which had been fed a magnesiumdeficient diet, were given a single dose (15 mg) of MgCl2 intraperitoneally 1 h before antigen challenge. The development of anaphylactic shock (AS) was observed during the next 2 h, and the hearts were subsequently examined histologically for signs of cardiac myolysis (CM). Magnesium (i) reduced the incidence of CM from 40% to 10% (p<0.05); (ii) reduced the incidence of AS from 61% to 35% (p<0.05); (iii) attenuated the severity of the AS; and (iv) lowered mortality from 39% in the control to 19% in the Mg2+-treated group (p=0.1). Serum and tissue total [Mg2+] were not affected by the administration of MgCl2. Also, the serum and heart Mg2+ levels were the same whether or not the guinea-pigs developed AS or CM. In cell culture we demonstrated that by elevating the [Mg2+] in the medium bathing sensitized rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells, the increase in cytosolic [Ca2+] subsequent to antigen challenge was reduced from 174 ± 23.28% (1 mM) to 82.74 ± 13.22 % (3 mM). We conclude that a single treatment with Mg2+ can considerably diminish damage induced by immune stress, probably by its altering the Ca2+: Mg2+ratio. Since the physiological reaction to different types of stress is similar, Mg2 + could prove beneficial in preventing stress-induced shock in general. Studies examining the mechanisms by which Mg2 + exerts its effects thus provide a scientific basis for the current clinical use of Mg2 + in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and asthma.</p>","PeriodicalId":15352,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology","volume":"5 1","pages":"45-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143966155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Class of Antiarrhythmic-Defibrillatory Compounds.","authors":"M Erez, D Varon","doi":"10.1515/jbcpp-1994-050105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jbcpp-1994-050105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is a major cause of sudden cardiac death in humans. Currently used antiarrhythmic drugs are aimed at preventing initiation of VF by decreasing the incidence of arrhythmias which can lead to VF. This approach today seems to be insufficient. On the basis of reports that VF can terminate spontaneously in various mammals, and even in humans, we propose pharmaceutical enhancement of self-ventricular defibrillation as a new therapeutical approach. Data obtained over the last decade indicate that a high cardiac extraneuronal norepinephrine level during VF facilitates selfdefibrillation. Dibenzazepines (tricyclic antidepressants) and phenothiazines elevate norepinephrine level by inhibiting norepinephrine reuptake and were found to exhibit defibrillatory activity. The relationship of chemical structure to defibrillatory activity was studied in a group of dibenzazepine and phenothiazine compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":15352,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology","volume":"5 1","pages":"59-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144005852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}