Journal of breath research最新文献

{"title":"Comment on 'Feasibility study on training dogs to detect lung cancer: findings of a retrospective evaluation'.","authors":"Rainer Ehmann","doi":"10.1088/1752-7163/aeab04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1752-7163/aeab04","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of breath research","volume":"20 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149110226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential of the electronic nose to diagnose psoriatic arthritis in different settings.","authors":"Demy D Gerritsen, Marloes Leentjens, Peter M Ten Klooster, Mirjam C Hegeman, Martha E Hettema, Harald E Vonkeman","doi":"10.1088/1752-7163/aeac79","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1752-7163/aeac79","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early detection of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is challenging because of its varied manifestations and diagnostic complexity. Disease-related factors such as inflammation influence metabolic processes and are detectable in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath. This study explores the potential of an electronic nose (e-nose) for non-invasive PsA detection through exhaled breath analysis. Breath samples were collected from 57 outpatients with PsA and 180 healthy controls between November 2021 and March 2024. Sensor data were processed using the Aethena software package, and a Random Forest Extreme classifier was used to differentiate VOC patterns of PsA patients from healthy controls. Alternative thresholds for the e-nose risk scores were explored that maximized specificity while maintaining acceptable sensitivity (⩾0.60) and vice versa. The e-nose classification score achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.80-0.93), effectively distinguishing PsA patients from healthy controls. The balanced risk score threshold showed a sensitivity and specificity of 0.82 and 0.79, respectively, with an accuracy of 0.80, positive predictive value of 0.55 and a negative predictive value of 0.93. Specificity could be increased to 0.97 (overall accuracy = 0.89) by increasing the classification threshold, whereas sensitivity could be increased to 0.89 (overall accuracy = 0.68) by decreasing the threshold. Exhaled breath analysis presents a promising non-invasive approach for diagnosing PsA, demonstrating good discriminatory ability. Differential cutoffs for e-nose risk prediction scores are proposed for settings that require either low false negative or false positive rates. Further studies that incorporate repeated assessments and account for the current design limitations are needed to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":15306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of breath research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149061430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the presence of microbiota-based phenotypes in Irritable Bowel Syndrome.","authors":"Robert van Vorstenbosch, Ekaterina E Esenkova, Daisy M A E Jonkers, Montserrat Elizalde Vilalta, Marlijne C G de Graaf, Daniel Keszthelyi, Daniëlle Pachen, Frederik Jan Jan van Schooten, Zlatan Mujagic, Agnieszka Smolinska","doi":"10.1088/1752-7163/aeb043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1752-7163/aeb043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is heterogenous disorder of gut-brain interaction, with a key role for the dysregulated host-gut microbiota interplay. IBS subtyping is based only on symptoms of bowel habits, reflecting limited insight into underlying biological mechanisms. &#xD;Aims: This study aimed to define microbiota-based IBS phenotypes and to compare these to traditional stool-based subtyping. &#xD;Methods: The study utilised data from the Maastricht IBS cohort. Gut microbiota composition was analysed using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Faecal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Dietary intake and gastrointestinal and mental health symptoms were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, the Dutch Healthy Diet-15 index, the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression scores, respectively. Machine-learning approaches were applied to identify microbiota-based phenotypical clusters, which were compared with established Rome III subtypes, and associated with faecal VOCs, gastrointestinal symptom severity, diet and mental health. &#xD;Results: 178 IBS patients and 134 healthy controls were included. Gut microbiota composition distinguished IBS patients from healthy controls with an AUCROC 0·8. This discriminatory profile was not associated with Rome III subtypes, while statistically significant associations were found with faecal VOCs profiles (i.e. R=0·67, p=4·46e-4) and symptom severity scores of abdominal pain (p=0·05), reflux (p=0·03), and diarrhoea (p=0·01) and depression (p<0·001). Dietary associations varied across clusters. &#xD;Conclusion: These results suggest that gut microbiota profiling might provide a basis to define relevant IBS endotypes. Further exploration and validation efforts into this direction are needed using longitudinal studies to refine IBS patient stratification ultimately.&#xD.</p>","PeriodicalId":15306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of breath research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149110293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The human breath volatilome responds to exercise and recovery: an untargeted profiling study.","authors":"Mostafa Hashemi, Marek Svoboda, Flavio A Franchina, Jane E Hill","doi":"10.1088/1752-7163/aea926","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1752-7163/aea926","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exercise induces metabolic and physiological changes across multiple organs. These changes have been studied via several human biofluids, including urine and blood; however, they remain mainly underexplored in exhaled breath. In this exploratory pilot study, we performed untargeted profiling of breath volatile compounds (VCs) to investigate how exercise and recovery influence breath chemical composition. Breath samples were collected from 71 university athletes from three sporting disciplines. Across 143 breath samples, a total of 1204 unique breath VCs were detected. There were distinct volatilomic responses to physical activity and recovery, regardless of the athlete<b>'</b>s sport. Comparison of paired samples using volcano analysis collected before and during exercise identified 80 breath VCs that significantly increased and 182 that significantly decreased. Similarly, a comparison of samples collected before and after exercise identified 11 compounds that decreased significantly. These findings demonstrate that exercise induces measurable changes in the breath volatilome. However, due to the lack of standardized exercise intensity measures and physiological monitoring, the results should be considered exploratory and interpreted cautiously within the field of exercise science.</p>","PeriodicalId":15306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of breath research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148989975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonparametric Prioritization of Breath VOC Signatures for Differential Diagnosis of Asthma, Bronchiectasis, and COPD.","authors":"Hyun Jung Kwon, Elmer Ccopa Rivera, Joseph Bustamante, James Andersen","doi":"10.1088/1752-7163/aeaf0e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1752-7163/aeaf0e","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accurate differentiation among asthma, bronchiectasis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains a major clinical challenge due to overlapping symptoms and limitations of conventional diagnostic approaches. This study proposes a nonparametric cumulative distribution function (CDF)-based framework combined with permutation testing to analyze volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath as non-invasive biomarkers for respiratory disease characterization. Breathomics data obtained via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) from 121 patients were analyzed following log₂ transformation of VOC intensities. The analytical scope included not only shared VOCs but also pair-specific and disease-exclusive compounds. The discriminative ability of each VOC was assessed by comparing class-specific empirical cumulative distributions with null distributions generated through 2000 random permutations. CDF rankings were then generated for core, pair-specific, and disease-exclusive singleton VOCs. To evaluate classification utility, progressively reduced VOC subsets were assessed using Random Forest and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) under repeated stratified cross-validation. Results showed that a reduced set of highly ranked VOCs preserved substantial classification performance, supporting the effectiveness of the proposed prioritization strategy. Candidate VOCs were then suggested based not only on their ranking scores, but also on biological interpretation and support from previously reported literature. Overall, the CDF- and permutation-based approach provides an interpretable, statistically robust, and model-independent framework for biomarker discovery in respiratory diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":15306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of breath research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149110262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical applicability of breath measurements for detecting disturbances in systemic glucose metabolism: a systematised review.","authors":"Ben Marino Scattolo, Cléo Nicolier, Maria Luisa Balmer, Lilian Witthauer","doi":"10.1088/1752-7163/aea638","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1752-7163/aea638","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breath analysis is a candidate non-invasive approach for detecting disturbances in glucose metabolism, but its clinical applicability has not been systematically assessed across analytical platforms and clinical targets. This systematised review evaluates breath-based biomarkers and analytical technologies for the detection of diabetes, prediabetes, insulin resistance, gestational diabetes, and hypoglycaemia, and for blood glucose estimation. A structured PubMed search identified human studies published between 2010 and 2025; 30 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most analysed volatile organic compounds using laboratory platforms such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS) or proton transfer reaction MS, a growing number used portable sensor-based systems including electronic noses and single-gas sensors, and a smaller group used isotope-based breath tests measuring labelled carbon dioxide after substrate ingestion. Reported diagnostic performance was highest and most consistent for hypoglycaemia detection in type 1 diabetes mellitus (sensitivity and specificity approximately 90%-95%) and for isotope-based discrimination of prediabetes and diabetes subtypes (approximately 90%-100%), whereas qualitative diabetes detection and quantitative blood glucose prediction were more variable. Both findings are based on a small number of studies, and the isotope-based results originate from a single research group and require independent replication. Performance depended strongly on signal complexity, with multivariable and spectral approaches outperforming single-compound methods. However, most studies used small cohorts and internal validation only, and sampling procedures and reporting were poorly standardised. Standardised protocols, larger externally validated cohorts, and platform selection matched to the intended clinical role are required before implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of breath research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148944661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exhaled breath volatile organic compounds in cystic fibrosis: a systematic review.","authors":"Malika Mustafina, Stanislav Krasovskiy, Alexander Chernyak, Artemiy Silantyev, Sergey Avdeev, Abram Syrkin, Philipp Kopylov","doi":"10.1088/1752-7163/ae9be1","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1752-7163/ae9be1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder characterized by chronic airway infection and progressive lung damage. Early identification of biomarkers associated with respiratory pathogens and inflammatory processes is crucial for improving disease monitoring and guiding therapy. Analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath has emerged as a promising non-invasive approach for biomarker discovery. This systematic review aimed to identify and summarize VOCs detected in the exhaled breath of patients with CF that may serve as potential clinical biomarkers. A systematic literature search was conducted in accordance with preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines across MEDLINE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar, covering publications from 2000 to 2026. Studies comparing VOC profiles in patients with CF and control groups were included. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Out of 431 identified records, 27 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis. These studies employed a variety of analytical platforms, including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS), selected-ion flow-tube MS and proton transfer reaction MS. Across all studies, a total of 121 VOCs were reported in association with CF. Several compounds, including hydrogen cyanide, 2-aminoacetophenone, pentane, and dimethyl sulfide, were repeatedly identified and may represent potential biomarkers related to bacterial colonization, oxidative stress, and inflammatory processes. However, substantial heterogeneity was observed among studies with respect to study design, patient populations, breath sampling protocols, and analytical methodologies. Breath analysis based on VOCs represents a promising non-invasive approach for identifying biomarkers of CF and associated respiratory infections. Nevertheless, future progress in breathomics will primarily depend on improving methodological rigor rather than limiting the diversity of analytical platforms. Standardized breath sampling protocols, rigorous preprocessing workflows for MS data, sufficiently powered multicenter studies, and external validation in independent patient cohorts are essential prerequisites for the clinical implementation of breath-based biomarkers.</p>","PeriodicalId":15306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of breath research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148793670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sweet interference: oral fermentation volatile confounders in exhaled breath revealed by minimal glucose exposure.","authors":"Anesu Chawaguta, Daniel Sanders, Veronika Ruzsanyi, Chris A Mayhew, Lorenzo S Petralia","doi":"10.1088/1752-7163/ae9ca5","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1752-7163/ae9ca5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in human breath have been explored as non-invasive biomarkers for disease, including respiratory infections and cancer, yet very few breath tests have reached clinical validation and regulatory approval. A major barrier is the difficulty of identifying and controlling confounding factors that affect volatile exhaled breath composition. A critical and overlooked confounder is the oral microbiome, which produces VOCs that can obscure the trace volatiles originating from the lower airways. To investigate this, we conducted an intervention study on sixteen healthy volunteers, using real-time breath analysis, which demonstrates that oral microbiota rapidly alter exhaled VOC profiles following a low-dose (0.5 g) oral glucose administration. Acetoin levels respond promptly to glucose, confirming its oral microbial origin. However, pathogenic bacteria resulting from respiratory infections can also produce acetoin, underscoring the challenge of distinguishing sources of breath VOCs. Similarly, other volatiles, such as acetic acid and ethanol, are also influenced by small glucose doses, complicating their use as biomarkers in non-targeted volatilomic studies. Recognising the metabolic context of each volatile is essential to distinguish infection signals from physiological background. Beyond serving as a cautionary note for exhaled breath research, these results may encourage the oral health and dentistry communities to adopt breathomics analytical tools for rapid chairside diagnostics, transforming respiratory confounders into clinical opportunities for dental care.</p>","PeriodicalId":15306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of breath research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148793724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mouthpiece type factor: impact of filter selection on secondary electrospray ionisation high-resolution mass spectrometry (SESI-HRMS) breath profiles.","authors":"Rhouma Yassin, Baur Diego M, Sievi Noriane A, Fricke Kai, Zhang Xu, Bajrami Selvete, Singh Kapil Dev, Schmidt Felix, Kohler Malcolm","doi":"10.1088/1752-7163/aea181","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1752-7163/aea181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Molecular breath research using secondary electrospray ionisation high-resolution mass spectrometry (SESI-HRMS) commonly uses single-use mouthpieces to facilitate sampling and reduce contamination risk. Many incorporate bacterial/viral filters, but their influence on untargeted molecular breath profiles is poorly characterised. This study aimed to determine whether commercially available mouthpieces alter SESI-HRMS breath profiles, identify molecular classes affected by filtered mouthpieces, and assess whether ComBat batch correction reduces mouthpiece-related variance while preserving inter-subject information. Three healthy volunteers completed seven testing sets across three measurement days. Each set included all seven mouthpiece types, yielding 147 planned breath measurements, of which 143 were valid. Six mouthpieces incorporated filter membranes; one unfiltered mouthpiece served as reference. Breath was analysed in real time using SESI-HRMS. Data were pre-processed, assessed for mouthpiece effects using guided principal component analysis, corrected using ComBat, and mouthpiece-specific features were putatively annotated against the Human Metabolome Database. Pre-processing yielded 3, 718 reproducible breath features. Mouthpiece type produced a strong batch effect (<i>D</i>= 0.9969,<i>p</i>< 0.001), with three clusters: A/B, C/D/E/F, and the unfiltered reference. Mouthpiece type accounted for 42.7% of total feature variance. The unfiltered reference detected 397 features not reproducibly detected with filtered mouthpieces, enriched in low-molecular-weight features putatively assigned to amino-acid-related compounds, short-chain aldehydes, and amines. Filtered mouthpieces contributed mouthpiece-specific features consistent with potential material-related background signals. ComBat reduced mouthpiece-type clustering (<i>D</i>= 0.1407,<i>p</i>= 0.998) while preserving most inter-subject variance. Mouthpiece type is a major determinant of detected SESI-HRMS breath profiles. Filtered mouthpieces may attenuate selected low-molecular-weight polar features and introduce mouthpiece-specific background signals. Batch correction reduces systematic mouthpiece-related variance but cannot recover features not transmitted by the sampling interface. Consistent mouthpiece use, explicit reporting, and mouthpiece-aware harmonisation are essential for reproducible molecular breath research.</p>","PeriodicalId":15306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of breath research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148880621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The oral cavity as a bioreactor in halitosis.","authors":"Konstantinos Marinis, Gerasimos Kanellos, Papaioannou William","doi":"10.1088/1752-7163/ae9b39","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1752-7163/ae9b39","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Halitosis is a prevalent yet often underestimated clinical condition with multifactorial etiology, predominantly arising from intra-oral sources such as periodontal disease, tongue coating and xerostomia. Central to its pathogenesis is the microbial degradation of sulfur-containing substrates, which lead to the production of volatile sulfur compounds and other volatile organic compounds responsible for the characteristic odor. These metabolites are produced by proteolytic anaerobes inhabiting the tongue dorsum, periodontal pockets as well as the dental plaque and predominantly exist as structured biofilms. This review examines halitosis through a systems-based lens, conceptualizing the oral cavity as a dynamic bioreactor governed by microbial consortia and their metabolic pathways, mass transport, enzymatic kinetics, as well as growth conditions attributed to microenvironmental factors. Modeling approaches are required to elucidate the intricate dynamics within oral biofilms, including the heterogeneous structural organization and the fundamental transport and metabolic processes occurring at the biofilm-bulk fluid interface and within the biofilm matrix. These interfacial processes, in turn, regulate the flux of volatile compounds into the oral air. Furthermore, associations between halitosis and dental pathologies, including gingivitis, periodontitis, and periodontal abscesses, are explored through microbial dysbiosis. The review also addresses contemporary management strategies including mechanical debridement, antimicrobial agents and probiotics. Understanding the biochemical, microbial and reactor-like behavior of the oral cavity is critical for the effective diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of halitosis in clinical and research settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":15306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of breath research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148793650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}