Journal of breath research最新文献

{"title":"Diagnosing melioidosis and tracking treatment outcomes using breath.","authors":"Antao Gao, Mark Mayo, Celeste Woerle, Bart J Currie, Hill E Jane","doi":"10.1088/1752-7163/ae4bfd","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1752-7163/ae4bfd","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Melioidosis is a life-threatening infectious disease caused by<i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i>(<i>Bp</i>). Rapid diagnosis and appropriate antimicrobial treatment are critical to reduce mortality, yet diagnosis is hindered by diverse clinical manifestations, mimicry with other diseases, and reliance on slow culture-based methods. Detecting volatile compounds offers a non-invasive approach for rapid infection detection. In this study, we aim to identify volatile compounds in patients' breath that can aid in diagnosing melioidosis and indicating response to treatment. Breath samples were collected from 17 patients with culture-confirmed melioidosis and eight patients with other febrile illnesses. Longitudinal samples were collected from five of the 17 melioidosis patients over approximately one month of antibiotic treatment. Breath samples were analyzed using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Data analysis involved statistical comparison and machine learning-based feature selection. We identified three breath markers-camphene, 1-butanol, and 3-methylheptyl acetate-that discriminated melioidosis (<i>n</i>= 7) from febrile controls (<i>n</i>= 6) with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 1.00. These three markers correctly classified 11 additional samples from 11 melioidosis patients, with one febrile control misclassified. Separately, we selected four breath markers, three of which were hydrocarbons, that differentiated samples associated with a positive<i>Bp</i>culture from those with a negative<i>Bp</i>culture, with a random forest model developed upon these four markers showing a sensitivity of 98% and specificity of 95%. Moreover, we identified a set of 16 volatile compounds that significantly correlated (correlation coefficient > 0.6) with blood C-reactive protein levels. Lastly, a panel of 144 volatile compounds was identified that corresponded to treatment time, indicating that the breath profile may reflect treatment response or shifts in disease severity. This pilot study reports candidate breath-based markers for diagnosing melioidosis and assessing treatment outcome, supporting further validation in larger studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of breath research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147344195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct sampling of the peripheral lung identifies lung-derived volatile organic compounds detectable in exhaled breath: a feasibility study.","authors":"Renelle Myers, Kristian J Kiland, Dorota M Ruszkiewicz, Crista Bartolomeu, Scott A Borden, Stephen Lam","doi":"10.1088/1752-7163/ae8ffb","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1752-7163/ae8ffb","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exhaled breath (EB) testing holds potential for non-invasive screening and early detection of lung cancer. Development of such a test requires knowledge of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) originating in the lung microenvironment, rather than exogenous sources or non-lung endogenous sources such as the GI tract and oral cavity. Direct evidence linking peripheral lung-derived VOCs to EB is lacking. The peripheral lung air (⩾4th generation airways) of thirty-five participants (9 lung cancers; 26 controls) was sampled during bronchoscopy using micro-thermal desorption-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (<i>µ</i>TD-GC-IMS) for direct on-site analysis and was compared to EB obtained immediately prior. Data processing included signal-normalized background subtraction to evaluate which VOCs originate in the peripheral lung and comparison to EB. Forty-three IMS clusters (features) were determined to originate from the lung microenvironment. All forty-three lung-originating features were detected in EB. Twenty-four out of forty-three features had higher median signal in either the EB or peripheral lung air compared to the environmental background. Some features had higher signal in EB compared to peripheral lung air, while others showed the reverse trend. Direct analysis of peripheral lung air, proximal to the tumour, using<i>µ</i>TD-GC-IMS was clinically feasible. These findings help address a key translational barrier in breath-based respiratory biomarker development and support the feasibility of non-invasive approaches for lung cancer screening grounded in lung-specific VOC biology, and will inform larger clinical trials directed at breath biomarker discovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":15306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of breath research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148584457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to comment on 'case-control study related to the use of L-cysteine in the differential diagnosis of oral halitosis'.","authors":"Guilherme Simpione, Verônica Caroline Brito Reia, Natalia Garcia Santaella, Gustavo Maluf Dib Valerio, Paulo Sérgio da Silva Santos","doi":"10.1088/1752-7163/ae97fc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1752-7163/ae97fc","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of breath research","volume":"20 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148808790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on 'case-control study related to the use of L-cysteine in the differential diagnosis of oral halitosis'.","authors":"Xiao Xian Qian","doi":"10.1088/1752-7163/ae97fb","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1752-7163/ae97fb","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of breath research","volume":"20 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148808800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel approach to non-invasive lung cancer screening via exhaled breath analysis using proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry.","authors":"Maribel Hernández-Camarillo, Joshua Campos-González, Fernando Vera-Núñez, A Enrique Hernández-López, Rogelio Pérez-Padilla, Jimena Alejandra Hernández Estrada, Robinson Emmanuel Robles-Hernández, Jesús Ramón Sosa-Chombo, Anna C Neville, Pawel K Misztal, Omar Amador-Muñoz","doi":"10.1088/1752-7163/ae8ffc","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1752-7163/ae8ffc","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lung cancer (LC) remains a global public health problem. To minimize late diagnosis, new detection techniques are needed. The analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in human breath (the volatilome) represents a non-invasive alternative to current methods for the early detection of LC. In this study, VOCs were determined in the breath of individuals with LC (<i>N</i>= 22) and without LC (non-LC,<i>N</i>= 21) using proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were conducted on a subset of 54 VOC ions (out of 180). Twenty-one of the 54 VOC ions were detected in exhaled breath. CH₄O₃H⁺and C₈H₇NH⁺were found only in participants without cancer. Among the 19 common ions present in both cohorts, the intensities of 8 ions were statistically different. The LC/non-LC ratios were observed for C₄H₈O₂H⁺, followed by C₃H₄OH⁺, C₂H₂OH⁺, C₂H₃ONH⁺, C₃H₄H⁺, C₃H₂H⁺, C₄H₈H⁺, and C₆H₈H⁺. Spearman correlation analysis could be used to differentiate metabolic processes or pathways between cohorts. Diagnostic ratio is a potential tool to classify individuals with or without LC. This study provides exploratory evidence for exhaled VOCs as potential LC biomarkers and positions them as a complement to current diagnostic pathways, with a potential role in supporting early triage and clinical decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":15306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of breath research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148584529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of fetal DNA in biological samples derived from maternal exhaled breath.","authors":"Erkam Dolapci, Asli Tetik Vardarli, Ismet Hortu, Turkan Turkut Tan, Selma Ferda Dalar, Cumhur Gunduz, Esra Isik, Su Ozgur, Mustafa Nuri Deniz, Asuman Sargin, Tahir Atik, Ozgur Cogulu","doi":"10.1088/1752-7163/ae8ffa","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1752-7163/ae8ffa","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objective.</i>Detection of cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) in maternal plasma has paved the way for non-invasive prenatal testing. The ability to detect cffDNA in various body fluids has increased interest in alternative sampling methods. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a non-invasive specimen that allows analysis of genetic materials such as DNA and RNA. This study aimed to investigate the presence of fetal DNA in EBC samples from pregnant women.<i>Materials And Methods.</i>Thirty pregnant women carrying male fetuses as confirmed by routine ultrasonography were included in the study. EBC samples were collected, and DNA was extracted. The presence of the SRY gene was analyzed using digital droplet PCR.<i>Results.</i>The mean maternal age was 30.1 years, mean gestational age was 37 weeks, and mean DNA concentration was 17 ng<i>µ</i>l^-1. The SRY gene was detected in 11-30 samples (36.6%). All newborns were phenotypically male.<i>Conclusion.</i>This study demonstrates the detectability of fetal DNA in EBC samples from pregnant women and supports the feasibility of EBC as a novel non-invasive sampling matrix for prenatal genetic analysis. Although further methodological optimization is required, these findings highlight the potential of EBC as an alternative source of fetal genetic material for future prenatal testing applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":15306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of breath research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148584513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifactorial assessment of halitosis in systemically and orally healthy orthodontic patients: airway dimensions, breathing pattern, and comparison with a portable breath analyzer.","authors":"İsmail Ongun, Şehrazat Erensoy, İbrahim Erhan Gelgör","doi":"10.1088/1752-7163/ae8f6b","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1752-7163/ae8f6b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Halitosis is a multifactorial condition influenced by airway-related factors and breathing patterns. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between airway dimensions, craniofacial morphology, and breathing type with halitosis in orthodontic patients. In addition, the agreement between the portable breath analyzer and the organoleptic method, as well as the role of self-reported and physiological halitosis, was investigated. This cross-sectional study included 113 systemically and orally healthy orthodontic patients. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were used to assess the sagittal and vertical skeletal patterns and pharyngeal airway dimensions. Halitosis was evaluated using an organoleptic method as the reference standard and a portable breath analysis device for comparison. Oral hygiene habits, breathing type, and perception of halitosis were recorded using a structured questionnaire. Statistical analyses included appropriate parametric and nonparametric tests as well as multivariate logistic regression. Agreement was assessed using Cohen's kappa coefficient. The overall prevalence of halitosis was 8.9% based on organoleptic assessment. Tooth brushing frequency (<i>p</i>= 0.041) and oral dryness (<i>p</i>= 0.004) were significantly associated with halitosis, whereas airway dimensions, skeletal patterns, and breathing types were not (<i>p</i>> 0.05). Physiological halitosis (<i>p</i>= 0.003) and oral dryness (<i>p</i>= 0.047) were significant predictors of self-reported halitosis. The agreement between the self-reported and objective measurements was weak (<i>κ</i>= 0.264;<i>p</i>< 0.001). A statistically significant and substantial level of agreement was observed between the portable device and the organoleptic assessment (<i>κ</i>= 0.698). Airway-related parameters were not identified as significant determinants of halitosis. Within the limitations of this study, halitosis was more closely associated with self-reported oral dryness and tooth-brushing frequency than with airway morphology. Portable breath analyzers may serve as practical adjunctive tools for clinical assessments when used under standardized conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of breath research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148578682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From dysbiotic gut to malodorous mouth: targeting microbial metabolism for gastrointestinal type halitosis.","authors":"Xin Liang, Yuqing Deng, Long Zhao, Xin Zhou, Zhi Li, Guohui Xiao, Shanshan Chen","doi":"10.1088/1752-7163/ae8b14","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1752-7163/ae8b14","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article reviews the microbiological mechanisms of halitosis, the oral-gut axis, the role of the gut microbiome, related metabolic pathways, and their associations with gastrointestinal diseases, and explores intervention strategies based on microbial regulation. Halitosis is primarily caused by volatile sulfur compounds produced by oral microorganisms, especially gram-negative anaerobic bacteria, and volatile organic compounds in most extraoral etiologies. Studies have found that intestinal microbial dysregulation can affect the composition of oral flora through the oral-gut axis and aggravate bad breath. Gastrointestinal diseases, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease,<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>infection, ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome can directly or indirectly promote the occurrence of bad breath by changing the intestinal microenvironment and microbial metabolic pathways, such as protein spoilage or short-chain fatty acids imbalance, etc. For microbial interventions, traditional Chinese medicine can not only systemically regulate the oral-gut axis balance, but also effectively alleviate bad breath by targeting sterilization and inhibiting the metabolic activity of pathogenic bacteria. This review focuses on elucidating the complex links between halitosis and the gut microbiome, its metabolic pathways, and gastrointestinal diseases, emphasizing the key role of microbial metabolites in pathological mechanisms. It reveals the importance of the oral-gut axis in systemic health and provides a rationale for developing personalized halitosis management strategies based on microbiome regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of breath research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148455979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry-assisted breath analysis for disease diagnosis.","authors":"Xin Guolin, Zhai Zhenyu, Liu Yaqian, Bi Zhe, Wu Hai","doi":"10.1088/1752-7163/ae7ab0","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1752-7163/ae7ab0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) has emerged as a transformative tool in breath analysis, enabling real-time, high-sensitivity profiling of volatile organic compounds down to the pptv level without sample preparation. This review critically examines the technological evolution of PTR-MS, from fundamental ion-molecule kinetics to advanced configurations, including time-of-flight analyzers and switchable reagent ion technologies. We systematically evaluate the clinical potential of PTR-MS for identifying volatile signatures associated with pulmonary malignancies, infectious diseases, and systemic metabolic disorders. Despite these advances, the transition of PTR-MS from exploratory studies to routine clinical application remains limited by three major challenges: insufficient metrological traceability in quantification, qualitative ambiguity arising from isomeric overlap, and poor inter-study comparability caused by non-standardized sampling workflows. To bridge this trust gap, we propose a validation framework centered on traceable calibration, standardized breath sampling, and confidence-ranked qualitative confirmation. In particular, we advocate the use of matrix-matched reference materials for absolute quantification and the development of a standardized PTR-MS spectral atlas integrating GC retention information and reagent-ion-dependent fragmentation behavior. Such a metrological and harmonization-oriented strategy is essential for improving reproducibility, cross-platform comparability, and the clinical translation of PTR-MS in precision medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":15306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of breath research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148211384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Welding activities: is EBC a reliable indicator for assessing metal exposure or early biological effects? A systematic review.","authors":"Veruscka Leso, Salvatore Della Notte, Andrea Spinazzè, Daniele Schena, Carolina Zellino, Maria Primavera Lettieri, Mauro Fedele, Andrea Cattaneo, Domenico Maria Cavallo, Ivo Iavicoli","doi":"10.1088/1752-7163/ae7c27","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1752-7163/ae7c27","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Welding processes generate complex aerosols containing fine and ultrafine particulate matter, metal fumes, and gaseous by-products that may pose significant respiratory risks for exposed workers. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) has emerged as a promising non-invasive matrix for human biomonitoring, offering the opportunity to assess exposure directly at the pulmonary target site and to evaluate early biological responses. This study systematically reviewed the scientific literature available in PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science to examine the role of EBC in exposure and effect biomonitoring among welders. Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Overall, the evidence indicates that EBC is a suitable matrix for assessing occupational exposure in welding activities. Several studies reported increased concentrations of metals-including Manganese, Nickel, Iron, and Chromium in welders compared to unexposed controls, as well as higher post-shift levels compared with pre-shift samples across the workweek. Associations between cumulative exposure to inhalable dust and metal concentrations in EBC were also observed, even at low exposure levels. EBC has additionally shown potential for detecting early-effect biomarkers, such as indicators of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, protein and nucleic acid oxidation, and inflammatory mediators. These findings provide insight into biochemical alterations occurring in the airway lining fluid of welders. Despite encouraging findings, key methodological issues persist. The lack of standardized protocols for EBC collection, storage, and analysis hampers comparability across studies. Indeed, further research should elucidate EBC production and dilution kinetics and clarify metal toxicokinetics to fully establish EBC as a reliable biomonitoring matrix for occupational health research and practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":15306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of breath research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148225476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}