Journal of breath research最新文献

{"title":"Halitosis in oral lichen planus patients.","authors":"Guangzhao Guan, Vicky Tjhang, Sally Sun, Ajith Polonowita, Li Mei","doi":"10.1088/1752-7163/ad8ee7","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1752-7163/ad8ee7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To investigate the halitosis level in oral lichen planus (OLP) patients and OLP-free participants. This cross-sectional study recruited 70 participants at the New Zealand's National Centre for Dentistry. Halitosis was determined using the objective measurements (parts per billion (ppb) volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) in the exhaled air) and subjective measurement (self-reported halitosis questionnaire). The VSCs values of OLP participants (mean ± SD: 144.64 ± 23.85 ppb) were significantly greater than that in the OLP-free participants (105.52 ± 22.31ppb) (mean difference: 39.12 ppb;<i>p</i>< 0.05; 95% CI: 27.95, 50.29). The VSCs value of hyperplastic (mean difference: 34.11; 95% CI: 20.07, 48.15;<i>p</i>< 0.05) and erosive/ulcerative (mean difference: 57.47; 95% CI: 34.19, 80.76;<i>p</i>< 0.05) OLP participants were statistically greater than that of OLP-free participants. No statistical significance was found between hyperplastic and erosive/ulcerative OLP (<i>p</i>> 0.05). 'Type (OLP-free/OLP)' has a significant effect on the dependent variable VSCs. 78.6% of OLP and 90.5% of OLP-free brushed their teeth at least twice daily, with a statistically significant observation (Mean square: 1.61; F: 13.13;<i>p</i>< 0.05). The levels of VSCs were greater in participants with hyperplastic and erosive/ulcerative OLP than that in the OLP-free participants.</p>","PeriodicalId":15306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of breath research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142581608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of a sensor system for the measurement of breath ammonia using selected-ion flow-tube mass spectrometry.","authors":"Michal Wagner, Saliha Saad, Anthony J Killard","doi":"10.1088/1752-7163/ad8e7d","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1752-7163/ad8e7d","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The measurement of trace breath gases is of growing interest for its potential to provide non-invasive physiological information in health and disease. While instrumental techniques such as selected-ion flow-tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) can achieve this, these are less suitable for clinical application. Sensitive sensor-based systems for breath ammonia could be more widely deployed, but have proven challenging to develop. This work demonstrates the sequential analytical validation of an electrochemical impedance-based sensor system for the measurement of ammonia in breath using SIFT-MS. Qualitative and relative responses between the two methods were comparable, although there were consistent differences in absolute concentration. When tested in artificial breath ammonia, sensors had a relative impedance sensitivity of 3.43 × 10^-5ppbv^-1for each breath in the range of 249-1653 ppbv (<i>r</i>²= 0.87,<i>p</i>< 0.05). When correlated with SIFT-MS using human breath (<i>n</i>= 14), ammonia was detected in the range of 100-700 ppbv (<i>r</i>= 0.78,<i>p</i>< 0.001), demonstrating acceptable sensitivity, reproducibility and dynamic range for clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":15306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of breath research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142576102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic efficacy of a probiotic preparation on idiopathic halitosis: a retrospective observational study.","authors":"Ye Kan Li, Fu Yuan Mou, Xiao Xian Qian","doi":"10.1088/1752-7163/ad8e7e","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1752-7163/ad8e7e","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Idiopathic halitosis is an unusual condition of unclear causes, which has never been thoroughly investigated. We aimed to explore the role of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) in the pathogenesis of idiopathic halitosis, and to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of a probiotic preparation on this condition. This retrospective observational study included 162 idiopathic halitosis patients and 198 healthy controls (HCs). Halitosis was diagnosed using the organoleptic test, and idiopathic halitosis was diagnosed by excluding known causes. SIBO was identified through the hydrogen/methane lactulose breath test, and accordingly, patients were identified as SIBO-positive or SIBO-negative. Idiopathic halitosis patients were treated with the probiotic preparation<i>Bifidobacterium</i>triple viable capsule for two months, followed by re-evaluation of halitosis and SIBO. This study found that all cases of idiopathic halitosis were extra-oral. The SIBO positivity rate in idiopathic halitosis patients was significantly higher than that in HCs (74.69% [121/162] vs 3.03% [6/198],<i>P</i>< 0.001), with an odds ratio of 94.44% (95% CI: 39.99%-211.35%). After treatment, 80.17% (97/121) of the SIBO-positive patients became SIBO-negative. Moreover, 87.60% (106/121) of the SIBO-positive patients experienced improved halitosis, a rate significantly higher than that observed in SIBO-negative patients (2.75%, 3/41) (<i>P</i>< 0.001). In addition, 98.97% (96/97) of the post-treatment SIBO-negative patients experienced improved halitosis, a rate significantly higher than that of post-treatment sustained SIBO-positive patients (41.67%, 10/24) (<i>P</i>< 0.001). Our findings suggest that idiopathic halitosis is an extra-oral condition which mostly originates from the small intestine. SIBO is one of its underlying causes. The probiotic preparation can effectively improve idiopathic halitosis, probably through its impact on SIBO.</p>","PeriodicalId":15306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of breath research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142576098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying viral infections through analysis of head space volatile organic compounds.","authors":"E Sanmark, P Marjanen, J Virtanen, K Aaltonen, S Tauriainen, P Österlund, M Mäkelä, S Saari, A Roine, T Rönkkö, V A Vartiainen","doi":"10.1088/1752-7163/ad89f0","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1752-7163/ad89f0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by human respiratory cells reflect metabolic and pathophysiological processes which can be detected with the use of modern technology. Analysis of exhaled breath or indoor air may potentially play an important role in screening of upper respiratory tract infections such as COVID-19 or influenza in the future. In this experimental study, air samples were collected and analyzed from the headspace of an<i>in vitro</i>cell culture infected by selected pathogens (influenza A H1N1 and seasonal coronaviruses OC43 and NL63). VOCs were measured with a real-time proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer and a differential mobility spectrometer. Measurements were performed every 12 h for 7 d. Non-infected cells and cell culture media served as references. In H1N1 and OC43 we observed four different VOCs which peaked during the infection. Different, individual VOCs were also observed in both infections. Activity began to clearly increase after 2 d in all analyses. We did not see increased VOC production in cells infected with NL63. VOC analysis seems to be suitable to differentiate the infected cells from those which are not infected as well as different viruses, from another. In the future, this could have practical value in both individual diagnostics and indoor environment screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":15306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of breath research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142501150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impaction-based exhaled breath sampling for substance monitoring: a prospective pilot study (Drugxhale).","authors":"Lutea A A de Jong, Erik J H Olyslager, Jan A Wieferink, Maarten Keizer, Tobias Cornielje, Robbert P Zuidema","doi":"10.1088/1752-7163/ad80b6","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1752-7163/ad80b6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For decades, intake monitoring of drugs using urine as the matrix of choice is the gold standard in drug treatment centers. A properly conducted urine drug test can identify recent use of prescribed, non-prescribed and illicit drugs. However, issues like adulteration, substitution and privacy issues have driven the search for alternative matrices. This prospective pilot study evaluates the use of an impaction-based breath sampling device, Breath Explor^®, as an alternative to traditional urine-based drug monitoring. Breath samples were analyzed using a validated 32-component liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. Recovery data represent the efficiency of extracting the analytes from the breath devices. Both automated and manual processing of the Breath Explor® devices showed mean recovery rates ranging from 39.5% to 55.4% for the 32 analytes. Despite the small number of subjects, breath analysis proved to be a convenient and easy-to-use methodology. An overall kappa-values of 0.5 indicated a moderate level of agreement with urine analysis, underscoring its potential as a complementary diagnostic tool. All participants tested positive in their breath sample for methadone (70% methadone and 100% EDDP), while a significant portion (90%) tested positive for 6-monoacetylmorphine. This innovative approach offers several advantages, including non-invasiveness, reduced risk of adulteration, and the ability to perfom repeated automated sampling and confirmation testing. These findings suggest that breath-based substance monitoring could complement or even replace traditional urine-based methods in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":15306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of breath research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142347484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid detection of depression by volatile organic compounds from exhalation.","authors":"Tao Chen, Mengqi Jin, Liqing Chen, Xi Xuan Cai, Yilin Huang, Keqing Shen, Yi Li, Xing Chen, Liying Chen","doi":"10.1088/1752-7163/ad7eef","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1752-7163/ad7eef","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Depression is a pervasive and often undetected mental health condition, which poses significant challenges for early diagnosis due to its silent and subtle nature. To evaluate exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as non-invasive biomarkers for the detection of depression using a virtual surface acoustic wave sensors array (VSAW-SA). A total of 245 participants were recruited from the Hangzhou Community Health Service Center, including 38 individuals diagnosed with depression and 207 control subjects. Breath samples were collected from all participants and subjected to analysis using VSAW-SA. Univariate and multivariate analyses were employed to assess the relationship between VOCs and depression. The findings revealed that the responses of virtual sensor ID 14, 44, 59, and 176, which corresponded respectively to ethanol, trichloroethylene or isoleucine, octanoic acid or lysine, and an unidentified compound, were sensitive to depression. Taking into account potential confounders, these sensor responses were utilized to calculate a depression detection indicator. It has a sensitivity of 81.6% and a specificity of 81.6%, with an area under the curve of 0.870 (95% CI = 0.816-0.923). Conclusions: exhaled VOCs as non-invasive biomarkers of depression could be detected by a VSAW-SA. Large-scale cohort studies should be conducted to confirm the potential ability of the VSAW-SA to diagnose depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":15306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of breath research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142347485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel System for Removing Examinee's Exhaled Air Using an Open, Lightweight Non-Sealing Facemask - a Proof-of-Concept Study.","authors":"Danial Abu Shkara, Yoav Keynan, Shay Brikman, Guy Dori","doi":"10.1088/1752-7163/ad836d","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1752-7163/ad836d","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients with respiratory infections (e.g., COVID-19, antimicrobial resistant bacteria) discharge pathogens to the environment, exposing healthcare workers and inpatients to deleterious complications. This study tested the performance of SPEAR-P1 (synchronized personal exhaled air removal system - prototype 1), which actively detects expiration and removes exhaled air using an open, non-sealing lightweight facemask connected to a deep vacuum generating unit (DVGU). Fourteen healthy examinees practiced breathing through facemasks at 30, 25 and 20 breaths per minute; oxygen and nebulized saline were added at later steps. To test the efficacy of removing exhaled air, CO2 was used as a proxy and its level was measured from the outer surface of the open facemask. Compared to the baseline recording, SPEAR-P1 reduced CO2 escaping from the facemask by 66% on average for all study steps and respiratory rates (p<0.001), reaching 85.55% on average at 20 breaths per minute (p<0.001). This study shows that removing exhaled air from examinees using an open, non-sealing lightweight facemask is feasible. Future development of this system will enhance its efficacy and provide a method to remove a patient's contaminating aerosol without the need to \"seal\" the patient, especially in settings where isolation rooms are not readily available.</p>","PeriodicalId":15306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of breath research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142375462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring exhaled breath volatile organic compounds in occupational asthma: A pilot cross-sectional study.","authors":"Hilde Heiro,Tonje Trulssen Hildre,Amy Craster,Liam Grimmett,Matteo Tardelli,Bato Hammarström","doi":"10.1088/1752-7163/ad7b6a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1752-7163/ad7b6a","url":null,"abstract":"Occupational asthma (OA) is divided into allergic asthma (AA) and irritant-induced asthma (IIA). IIA can be divided further into three different phenotypic subtypes. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath can reflect metabolic changes in the body, and a wide range of them have been associated with various diseases in the last two decades. This is the first known study to explore breath VOCs in subjects with OA, aimed to identify potential biomarkers to distinguish OA from healthy controls, as well as between different OA subgroups. In a cross-sectional investigation, exhaled breath from 40 patients with OA and 45 respiratory healthy healthcare workers were collected with ReCIVA® Breath Sampler. Samples were analyzed through an untargeted approach using thermal desorption-gas chromatography mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS), and VOCs were identified according to tier classification. The data underwent analysis using both non-parametric and parametric statistical methods. 536 VOCs were identified. Significance (p<0.05) was observed in several emitted VOCs. Among these, compounds such as 1-hexadecanol, 2,3-butanediol, xylene, phenol, acetone, 3-methylhexane, methylcyclohexane, and isoprene have biological implications or are associated with exposures linked to OA. These VOCs may reflect metabolic changes in the body and the microbiome, as well as external exposures due to occupation.&#xD;In particular, 1-hexadecanol, 2,3-butanediol, xylene and phenol are associated with reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mechanisms that can be linked to asthmatic diseases and therefore suggests its potential as biomarkers. This study demonstrates that VOCs detected in exhaled breath could serve as indicators of occupational exposure and enhance diagnostic accuracy for asthma.&#xD.","PeriodicalId":15306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of breath research","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142261936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in respiratory diseases: Recent advances, and future perspectives in the age of Omic sciences.","authors":"Mauro Maniscalco,Claudio Candia,Salvatore Fuschillo,Pasquale Ambrosino,Debora Paris,Andrea Motta","doi":"10.1088/1752-7163/ad7a9a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1752-7163/ad7a9a","url":null,"abstract":"Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is used as a promising noninvasive diagnostic tool in the field of respiratory medicine. EBC is achieved by cooling exhaled air, which contains aerosolized particles and volatile compounds present in the breath. This method provides useful information on the biochemical and inflammatory state of the airways. In respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cystic fibrosis, EBC analysis can reveal elevated levels of biomarkers such as hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide and various cytokines, which correlate with oxidative stress and inflammation. &#xD;Furthermore, the presence of certain volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in EBC has been linked to specific respiratory conditions, potentially serving as disease-specific fingerprints. The noninvasive nature of EBC sampling makes it particularly useful for repeated measures and for use in vulnerable populations, including children and the elderly. Despite its potential, the standardization of collection methods, analytical techniques and interpretation of results currently limits its use in clinical practice. &#xD;Nonetheless, EBC holds significant promise for improving the diagnosis, monitoring and therapy of respiratory diseases.&#xD;In this tutorial we will present the latest advances in EBC research in airway diseases and future prospects for clinical applications of EBC analysis, including the application of the Omic sciences for its analysis.&#xD.","PeriodicalId":15306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of breath research","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142262032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid point-of-care breath test predicts breast cancer and abnormal mammograms in symptomatic women.","authors":"Michael Phillips,Therese Bevers,Linda Larsen,Nadine Pappas,Sonali Pathak","doi":"10.1088/1752-7163/ad7a20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1752-7163/ad7a20","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies have reported volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the breath as biomarkers of breast cancer. These biomarkers may be derived from cancer-associated fibroblasts, in which oxidative stress degrades polyunsaturated fatty acids to volatile alkanes and methylated alkane derivatives that are excreted in the breath. We evaluated a rapid point-of-care test for breath VOC biomarkers as predictors of breast cancer and abnormal mammograms.&#xD;Methods: We studied 593 women aged ≥ 18 yr referred to three sites for mammography for a symptomatic breast-related concern (e.g. breast mass, nipple discharge). A rapid point-of-care breath testing system collected and concentrated alveolar breath VOCs on a sorbent trap and analyzed them with gas chromatography and surface acoustic wave detection in < 6 min. Breath VOC chromatograms were randomly assigned to a training set or to a validation set. Monte Carlo analysis identified significant breath VOC biomarkers of breast cancer and abnormal mammograms in the training set, and these biomarkers were incorporated into a multivariate algorithm to predict disease in the validation set. &#xD;Results: Prediction of breast cancer: 50 women had biopsy-proven breast cancer (invasive cancer 41, ductal non-invasive cancer 9)&#xD;Unsplit data set: Breath VOCs identified breast cancer with 83% accuracy (area under curve of receiver operating characteristic), 82% sensitivity and 77.1% specificity.&#xD;Split data sets: Training set breath VOCs identified breast cancer with 80.3% accuracy, 84% sensitivity and 74.3% specificity. Corresponding values in the validation set were 68%% accuracy, 72.4% sensitivity and 61.5% specificity.&#xD;Prediction of BIRADS 4 and 5 mammograms (versus BIRADS 1, 2 and 3): &#xD;Unsplit data set: Breath VOCs identified abnormal mammograms with 76.2% accuracy.&#xD;Split data sets: Breath VOCs identified abnormal mammograms with 74.2% accuracy, 73.3% sensitivity and 60% specificity. Corresponding values in the validation set were 60.5% accuracy, 64.2% sensitivity and 51% specificity.&#xD;Conclusions: A rapid point-of-care test for breath VOC biomarkers predicted risk of breast cancer and abnormal mammograms in women with breast-related symptoms.&#xD;&#xD.","PeriodicalId":15306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of breath research","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142261935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}