Journal of breath research最新文献

{"title":"Fecal gas time curve analysis for health monitoring.","authors":"Ju-Young Park, Su-Hyeon Park, Jung-Ho Lee, Young-Chun Park","doi":"10.1088/1752-7163/ae7b77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1752-7163/ae7b77","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human feces are metabolic waste products that emit a wide range of volatile organic compounds, the result of dynamic interactions between gut microbiota and the host physiology. Fecal gas profiles are recognized as potential indicators of an individual's health status; however, most analyses rely on expensive laboratory equipment such as gas chromatography. In contrast, studies utilizing low-cost gas sensors for stool gas analysis remain limited, partly due to the high sensitivity of gas concentration data to environmental variables such as stool weight and ambient conditions. In this study, gas concentration data (ppm) were converted into normalized gas reduction ratio curves (%), referred to here as time curves, so that temporal gas-release patterns could be compared across samples with reduced influence from absolute signal differences. Fifteen stool samples were collected from four individuals and analyzed according to the Bristol stool scale. Time curves corresponding to the same Bristol stool type showed reproducible convergence into representative temporal profiles, where different stool types exhibited distinguishable gas-decay patterns. These findings suggest that time curve analysis may be useful for characterizing stool-type-related temporal gas patterns while reducing the influence of environmental variability in low-cost fecal gas sensing.</p>","PeriodicalId":15306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of breath research","volume":"20 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148446798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-invasive prediction of uterine contractions vies electronic nose and oral microbiota profiling.","authors":"Yueyue Li, Chuyang Bao, Jiaming Liu, Biao Yu, Xue Du, Yali Bi, Xuefeng Hu, Qianqian Cui, Tengteng Li, Saihu Lu, Yuanyuan Yang, Yunxia Cao, Wei Zhang, Zongzhi Yin","doi":"10.1088/1752-7163/ae8326","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1752-7163/ae8326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background.</i>Accurate and non-invasive prediction of uterine contractions is essential for optimizing obstetric care and improving perinatal outcomes. We aimed to develop and validate a diagnostic model that combines exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) patterns and oral microbiota profiles to predict contraction status in term pregnancy.<i>Methods</i>. We prospectively enrolled 84 third-trimester pregnant women and analyzed exhaled breath samples by electronic nose (E-nose). A convolutional neural network (CNN) was used to develop a predictive model of uterine contraction status. Subsequently paired saliva samples from a subset of 15 participants underwent 16 S rRNA gene sequencing to explore potential microbial sources of breath VOCs patterns.<i>Results</i>. The CNN-based E-nose model achieved an area under the curve of 0.63 (95% CI: 0.56-0.71) for differentiating non-contractions from irregular contractions, with performance improving to 0.79 (95% CI: 0.72-0.89) for latent-phase contractions and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.77-0.87) during first-stage labor. Concordant with these findings, 16 S rRNA analysis revealed significant enrichment of specific oral taxa in the contraction group, including<i>Streptococcus sanguinis</i>(<i>P</i>= 0.0016),<i>Lactobacillus</i>(<i>P</i>= 0.0263),<i>Lautropia</i>(<i>P</i>= 0.0453), and<i>Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group</i>(<i>P</i>= 0.0408). Bacterial interaction network analysis revealed enhanced synergistic relationships among microbial taxa.<i>Conclusion.</i>These preliminary findings suggest that E-nose profiling of exhaled breath may be capable of non-invasively predicting uterine contraction status in late pregnancy, pending validation in larger cohorts. The integration of microbial data provides hypothetical biological insights into the breath VOCs changes, suggesting that breath analysis could eventually support personalized obstetric monitoring after further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of breath research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148338598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exhaled particle size and phospholipid composition of the respiratory tract lining fluid following moderate-intensity exercise in sub-zero conditions.","authors":"Helen Hanstock, Angelos Gavrielatos, Iluta Ratkevica, Per Larsson, Anna-Carin Olin, Nikolai Stenfors","doi":"10.1088/1752-7163/ae7fb0","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1752-7163/ae7fb0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) commonly develops after exercise in cold, dry environments, but the effects of acute exercise in the cold on airway physiology remain incompletely understood. Exhaled particle (PEx) analysis offers a novel, non-invasive approach to assess respiratory tract lining fluid (RTLF) composition and may provide mechanistic insights into airway responses before clinically detectable changes occur. This study investigated the PEx response to moderate-intensity exercise in sub-zero conditions among healthy atopic and non-atopic individuals. Eighteen participants (14 male, 29 ± 6 years) performed two moderate-intensity exercise trials (30 and 90 min duration) in a climate chamber at -15 °C. PEx samples were collected using the PExA® method, before and 30 min after exercise to assess particle mass and count across eight size bins (0.4-5<i>µ</i>m) and for subsequent lipidomic analysis. Exercise induced a significant increase in smaller PEx (0.4-0.7<i>μ</i>m;<i>p</i>< 0.01). Three lipid species were altered after 30 min exercise, and 11 after 90 min exercise. Phosphatidylethanolamine PE(16:1_18:0) was the only lipid that consistently increased across both exercise durations (30 min:<i>p</i>= 0.023; 90 min:<i>p</i>= 0.044;<i>g</i>= 0.97). Three specific lipid species showed differential exercise responses between atopic and non-atopic participants, including an oxidised phosphatidylcholine species PC(16:0_9:0;O) (<i>p</i>= 0.006,<i>q</i>= 0.59,<i>g</i>= 0.86). These results provide preliminary insight into airway surfactant responses to exercise in a cold climate and contribute to the growing understanding of how the PExA® method can be applied as a non-invasive tool for respiratory health assessment in an acute setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":15306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of breath research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148283903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age differences in overnight breath hydrogen dynamics and their association with sleep physiology.","authors":"Naoya Okumura, Keito Kiriyama, Kentaro Taniguchi","doi":"10.1088/1752-7163/ae7ca2","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1752-7163/ae7ca2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oxidative stress increases with aging and may influence both sleep physiology and gut microbial activity. Molecular hydrogen, produced by intestinal fermentation, acts as an endogenous antioxidant and can be measured noninvasively in exhaled breath. However, age- and sex-related differences in nocturnal changes of breath hydrogen remain unclear. We analyzed breath hydrogen and methane levels in 166 healthy adults aged 20-85 years. Participants self-collected end-alveolar breath samples at home before sleep and immediately after waking. Breath hydrogen and methane levels were determined by gas chromatography. The older group (<i>n</i>= 91) showed significantly lower breath hydrogen levels after waking compared with the non-older group (<i>n</i>= 75), despite no differences before sleep. No significant sex-related differences were observed. The older group also reported more frequent nocturnal awakenings. These findings suggest that age-related changes in hydrogen dynamics may be associated with sleep-related physiological processes. The overnight change in breath hydrogen was significantly greater in the older group compared with the non-older group, indicating a larger overnight reduction in hydrogen levels in older adults. No significant differences in breath methane levels were observed between groups. Age-related alterations in gut microbiota, gastrointestinal motility, and redox balance may contribute to reduced morning hydrogen levels. Breath hydrogen measurement represents a simple, noninvasive biomarker for assessing physiological changes associated with aging and sleep.</p>","PeriodicalId":15306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of breath research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148239514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exhaled breath performance in diagnosing ischemic heart disease utilizing a machine learning model.","authors":"Basheer Abdullah Marzoog, Anastasia Stroeva, Malika Mustafina, Peter Chomakhidze, Artemiy Silantyev, Afina Bestavashvili, Natalia Kuznetsova, Aleksander Suvorov, Philipp Kopylov","doi":"10.1088/1752-7163/ae6f44","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1752-7163/ae6f44","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains the leading global cause of mortality and morbidity. Current diagnostic approaches face significant limitations in accessibility, cost, invasiveness, and accuracy, creating an urgent need for innovative non-invasive screening methods. To evaluate the ability of a machine learning (ML) model based on dynamic exhaled breath volatile organic compound (VOC) patterns to detect stress-induced myocardial perfusion defects, used here as the study reference outcome related to IHD. This prospective single-center study enrolled 80 participants (31 with stress-induced myocardial perfusion defects confirmed by multidetector computed tomography with perfusion assessment and 49 controls). All participants underwent real-time breath analysis using PTR-TOF-MS-1000 at rest and after bicycle ergometry stress testing. ML models were developed using delta changes in VOC patterns between baseline and post-exertion measurements, with rigorous leave-one-out cross-validation and comprehensive performance metrics. The weighted ensemble classifier achieved an AUC of 0.743 (95% CI: 0.622-0.840), with a sensitivity of 0.774 (95% CI: 0.600-0.905) and a specificity of 0.633 (95% CI: 0.500-0.760). Feature importance analysis identified specific VOCs, particularly those with m/z 94.053731, 90.951122, and 60.055305, which demonstrated consistent diagnostic significance across different temporal measurement points (delta10). This study demonstrates the feasibility of dynamic exhaled breath analysis combined with ML for the detection of IHD. However, the present findings should be considered preliminary and exploratory, as the model was validated internally only. Given the current sensitivity, the approach is not suitable as a standalone screening tool, but may serve as a non-invasive adjunctive or triage-support tool. External validation in independent cohorts is required before clinical implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of breath research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147972833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors influencing the recovery of Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, and cannabinol from a breath sampling device.","authors":"Jennifer L Berry, Mary E Gregg, Kavita M Jeerage","doi":"10.1088/1752-7163/ae6d2c","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1752-7163/ae6d2c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cannabinoids can be captured from breath after cannabis use, but sample processing varies between studies, even when using the same sampling device. The BreathExplor impaction filter device has been used to capture Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in breath after cannabis use in multiple studies, but processing differed in solvent type, keeper addition, and concentration method. In this study we test the effect that container material, vacuum concentration, keeper, elution solvent, cannabinoid mass, agitation, and elution time have on the recovery of THC, cannabidiol, and cannabinol from spiked breath samples. Only container material and keeper had a significant impact on recovery, although limiting the use of plastic vials, one of the two container materials studied, did have some mitigating effects. Despite these two factors having a significant effect, the recovery of cannabinoids remained relatively low. Further investigation showed that our process for the preparation of spiked breath samples, specifically the complete evaporation of a small volume of spike solvent, leads to large cannabinoid losses. As recently published high-accuracy vapor pressure data indicates that these cannabinoids should be considered semi-volatile, a microelution process was additionally explored as it requires less solvent and therefore no concentration is necessary during sample processing. The microelution process resulted in similar or higher recoveries of cannabinoids as compared to the large volume elution process, suggesting that it is a superior processing method in terms of recovery and processing time.</p>","PeriodicalId":15306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of breath research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147930000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility study on training dogs to detect lung cancer: findings of a retrospective evaluation.","authors":"Christian Grah, Shiao Li Oei, Steven Ngandeu Schepanski, Hannah Wüstefeld, Katarzyna Blazejczyk, Julia Kalinka-Grafe, Georg Seifert","doi":"10.1088/1752-7163/ae6fdd","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1752-7163/ae6fdd","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early detection is critical for lung cancer patients. One lung cancer detection method under study is using sniffer dogs. This study aimed to evaluate, retrospectively, the sensitivity and specificity of the<b>C</b>ancer<b>D</b>etection<b>D</b>og<b>C</b>ollective (CDDC®) method under training conditions. A team of five trained sniffer dogs analyzed breath samples from lung cancer patients and cancer-free volunteers, and a cancer sample is positive if at least three dogs indicate it. Dog handlers and experimental observers were blinded to sample identity, and detection accuracy was assessed. Primary endpoint was sensitivity, and specificity and confounding factors were also assessed. Samples were collected in 2024 from 824 volunteers, including 111 with a confirmed diagnosis of lung cancer (mean age 60, range 34-80, 18% early-stage cancer, 46% not yet oncological treated). A total of 11 900 breath samples were tested with 125 test runs per dog. Each of the five dogs demonstrated a detection performance with a sensitivity between 82% and 89%, a specificity over 95%, and an accuracy over 94%. The CDDC® dog team's corporate decision revealed a sensitivity of at least 95.5%. The cancer-free volunteers were primarily young, healthy individuals. According to the CDDC® decision rules, none of these control samples were identified as false positives by more than two dogs. Analysis of potential confounding factors revealed that weather conditions and supervisor skills were associated with the dogs' performance. The CDDC® method showed high consistency in training scenarios. Further studies should evaluate this method in a controlled clinical study alongside lung cancer screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":15306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of breath research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147972868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating short-term lung inflammation using exhaled breath VOCs from exposure to candles: a randomized controlled crossover study among young mild asthmatics.","authors":"Karin Rosenkilde Laursen, Tilly Woodland, Chad Schaber, Kirsten Østergaard, Owen Birch, Brett O'Brien, Daniel Mead, Søren K Kjærgaard, Max Allsworth, Billy Boyle, Frederik-Jan van Schooten, Agnieszka Smolinska, Torben Sigsgaard","doi":"10.1088/1752-7163/ae6687","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1752-7163/ae6687","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lung inflammation is associated with a response to pollution or irritants and is reported to release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in breath, that can be monitored non-invasively. An approach to studying short-term lung inflammation is exposure to environmental emissions. This study used brief exposure to PM₂.₅ emissions from two types of burning candles to evaluate potential differences in airway inflammation among mildly asthmatic individuals. The aim was to explore VOCs linked to lung inflammation by exposure to candle emissions; emissions from candle A, a newly developed candle with a smaller emission to the surroundings and candle B, a well-characterised commercially available candle. Seventeen non-smoking asthmatics (11 female) with a mean age of 21.9 years participated in a randomised controlled double-blind crossover study including two exposure sessions: i) air with candle A emissions (mean PM_2.554.1<i>µ</i>g m^-3), and ii) air with candle B emissions (mean PM_2.598.4<i>µ</i>g m^-3). Participants underwent two five-hour, double-blind exposure sessions in a controlled climate chamber, each involving emissions from one of two candle types. Exhaled breath was collected at baseline (0 h), immediately post-exposure (5 h), and the following morning (24 h). VOCs were analysed using both a targeted panel of 23 predefined compounds and an untargeted workflow, which yielded 21 breath-derived VOCs after ambient-blank filtering. Statistical comparisons used Wilcoxon signed-rank tests with Benjamini-Hochberg correction. Across both exposure sessions, ten exhaled VOCs showed significant changes between baseline and immediate post-exposure (5 h), including increases in several aldehydes and decreases in selected sulfur-containing compounds. These changes were not present at 24 h, where samples resembled baseline profiles. The ten VOCs were identified from a combined dataset of 23 targeted compounds and 21 untargeted breath-derived VOCs; only the untargeted analysis yielded significant findings after correction. PCA demonstrated clear separation between baseline and 5 h samples, particularly for candle B, for which 0 h, 5 h and 24 h samples formed distinct clusters. This candle-specific response produced a multi-VOC signature capable of distinguishing individuals immediately after exposure, suggesting that exhaled VOCs can reflect short-term airway inflammatory responses. The findings suggest that an emission-specific, exhaled breath, multi-VOC profile can detect individuals exposed to inflammation triggers, such as candles. This indicates that VOCs could serve as biomarkers for detecting short-term airway inflammation, as evidenced by the systematic difference in VOCs observed 5 h after exposure to candle B. This research contributes to the advancing field of VOC-based health monitoring and might affect public health implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":15306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of breath research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147772657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of low-biomass exhaled breath microbiome sequencing using a PDC-sampler in febrile and healthy individuals.","authors":"Weihao Li, Manman Lv, Mengqing Cheng, Yemin Han, Haotian Yu, Yan Huang, Dianhuai Meng, Xinping Xu, Longhua Sun, Zuhong Lu, Quanjun Liu","doi":"10.1088/1752-7163/ae5a51","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1752-7163/ae5a51","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exhaled breath is a noninvasive and repeatable biological matrix offering new opportunities for respiratory microbiome analysis, yet its extremely low microbial biomass limits current high-throughput applications. Building on our previously developed phase-change drywall cyclone sampler (PDC-sampler), which integrates condensational growth with dry-wall cyclone separation, we established a validated workflow for efficient aerosol collection and multi-Omics sequencing of exhaled breath. Using this platform, exhaled breath from 15 febrile patients and 6 healthy volunteers was analyzed via shotgun metagenomic and 16 S rRNA sequencing to assess microbial composition, diversity, and functional features. The PDC-sampler significantly increased microbial DNA yield, enabling stable detection of bacterial taxa dominated by<i>Pseudomonadota, Bacillota, Bacteroidota</i>, and<i>Actinomycetota</i>. Functional annotations and diversity metrics revealed distinct microbial and metabolic patterns between individuals, confirming the platform's analytical sensitivity and biological representativeness. This work experimentally validates the feasibility of exhaled breath microbiome sequencing using the PDC-sampler, providing a practical and generalizable framework for noninvasive respiratory microecology studies and future diagnostic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":15306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of breath research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147592459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating off-line exhaled breath sampling techniques: a comparative study of practices for clinical implementation.","authors":"Thibault Massenet, Pauline Bosman, Florence Schleich, Julien Guiot, Gregory Gridelet, Monique Henket, Stéphanie Hody, Adeline Rosu, Françoise Guissard, Salman Siddiqui, Jérôme Vial, Jean-François Focant, Pierre-Hugues Stefanuto","doi":"10.1088/1752-7163/ae541b","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1752-7163/ae541b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exhaled breath analysis represents a promising non-invasive approach for disease monitoring through volatile organic compounds (VOCs) detection. However, the lack of standardized sampling methods do not enable direct clinical translation. This study compared three widely used offline breath sampling techniques (Tedlar® bags, BioVOC-2®, and ReCIVA®) using the established peppermint benchmarking protocol and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC × GC-MS). Seven healthy participants completed the peppermint experiment, with breath samples collected at multiple time points following capsule ingestion. Washout curves for targeted terpenoid compounds were analyzed to assess analytical performance, reproducibility, and background contamination across devices. Clinical feasibility was evaluated through focus groups with clinicians, researchers, and study participants. Tedlar® bags demonstrated reliable performance with lowest overall pooled relative standard deviations, though sensitive to exogenous contamination. ReCIVA® showed higher overall variability, superior selectivity and reduced background interference compared to Tedlar® bags (<i>p</i>< 0.01). However, ReCIVA® showed higher complexity, cost, reduced comfort and potential for saliva contamination during extended sampling. BioVOC-2® offered operational simplicity but was limited by small sampling volume (129 ml) reducing its sensitivity and manual handling variability. No single device emerged as universally optimal. Tedlar® bags, when accompanied by rigorous standard operating procedures, remain most suitable for large-scale studies, BioVOC-2® for rapid targeted screening, and ReCIVA® for controlled research requiring high selectivity. Successful clinical implementation will require balancing analytical performance with practical considerations including patient comfort, cost-effectiveness, and workflow integration. These findings support ongoing standardization efforts within the breathomics community and extend peppermint database for exhaled breath sampling.</p>","PeriodicalId":15306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of breath research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147480748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}