Journal of Biomedical Optics最新文献

{"title":"Noninvasive holographic sensor system for measuring stiffness of soft micro samples.","authors":"Hasan Berkay Abdioğlu, Yağmur Işık, Merve Sevgi, Ali Anil Demircali, Ufuk Gorkem Kirabali, Gokhan Bora Esmer, Huseyin Uvet","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.3.036501","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.3.036501","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Significance</b>: Measuring cell stiffness is essential in cellular biomechanics, particularly in understanding disease progression, including cancer metastasis and tissue mechanics. However, conventional techniques such as atomic force microscopy and optical stretching present limitations, including invasiveness, low throughput, and complex sample preparation. These factors restrict their applicability in dynamic and sensitive biological environments. <b>Aim</b>: This study introduces a noninvasive holographic sensor system for evaluating the stiffness of soft microscale samples. <b>Approach</b>: The proposed system integrates holographic imaging with acoustic stimulation using an off-axis Mach-Zehnder interferometer combined with bulk acoustic waves. This setup allows for label-free, high-throughput measurements while preserving sample integrity. The system was validated with polyacrylamide beads engineered to mimic cellular stiffness, ensuring precise and repeatable stiffness assessments. <b>Results</b>: Measurement errors caused by spatial variations were minimized through a structured imaging approach and a calibration strategy, improving uniformity across different regions. These corrections enhanced the consistency and reliability of stiffness assessments. Experimental validation demonstrated stable stiffness measurements regardless of sample size variations. Repeatability tests further confirmed the system's robustness, producing consistent results across multiple trials. <b>Conclusion</b>: The findings highlight the potential of this holographic sensor system in advancing cell biomechanics research, cancer diagnostics, and mechanobiology. By offering a noninvasive, high-throughput alternative for mechanical property assessments in biological samples, this method contributes to improved characterization of cellular stiffness in biomedical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"30 3","pages":"036501"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11907929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143648535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative evaluation of the site-dependent cell viability in three-dimensional hepatocyte spheroids based on dynamic optical coherence tomography.","authors":"Ling Wang, Chang Wang, Qiansen Li, Rongzhen Fu, Chen Xu, Mingen Xu","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.3.035003","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.3.035003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Hepatocyte spheroids (HCSs) are three-dimensional (3D) <i>in vitro</i> models that exhibit a multilayered structure with site-dependent cell viability. The non-invasive identification of HCS structure and viability variation is essential in fully exploiting the potential of HCS as a model for liver disease research.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aim to achieve long-term, non-invasive monitoring and quantification of HCS cell viability based on dynamic optical coherence tomography (D-OCT) and enhance visualization of HCS internal activity with D-OCT pseudo-color images.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>We employed D-OCT based on power spectrum analysis with an appropriate optical coherence tomography time-series image acquisition rate to obtain the motion frequency distribution of cells within HCS, thus distinguishing and segmenting the viable and necrotic cell layers based on the average frequency of cellular activity, and quantify the tissue activity using the pixel ratio of the segmented viable region to the total spheroid region. Meanwhile, we used the hue saturation value color mapping method to enable enhanced visualization and high-precision segmentation of viable and necrotic cell layers in HCS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The feasibility of the D-OCT method was verified experimentally with three sets of HCS samples (HCS-2000, HCS-5000, and HCS-10000) by comparison with a confocal laser scanning microscope. The cells in C3A-HCS were found to be active mainly in the range of 8 to 13 Hz by D-OCT detection. 3D D-OCT pseudo-color images of HCS with a maximum diameter of <math><mrow><mn>450</mn> <mtext>  </mtext> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>m</mi></mrow> </math> were displayed, and the 3D structures of necrotic and viable cell layers were identified by mask segmentation based on the average cell activity frequency threshold (10.5 Hz). The longitudinal necrotic process of three sets of HCS samples with differing inoculated cell numbers was monitored and quantified over 29 days.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The employed D-OCT method can be used to quantitatively evaluate the site-dependent cell viability in HCS and possesses the potential for long-term, non-invasive monitoring and quantification of HCS viability.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"30 3","pages":"035003"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11934154/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustained real-time and video-rate interventional optical ultrasound imaging.","authors":"Robert M Stafford-Williams, Richard J Colchester, Semyon Bodian, Seán Cardiff, Efthymios Maneas, Edward Z Zhang, Paul C Beard, Manish K Tiwari, Adrien E Desjardins, Erwin J Alles","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.3.036005","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.3.036005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Minimally invasive surgery offers improved recovery times and reduced complication risk compared with open surgery. However, effective image acquisition probes suitable for deployment in clinical workflows are key to the success of such procedures. Fiber-optic optical ultrasound (OpUS) offers strong potential for interventional image guidance due to its small lateral probe dimensions and high imaging resolution, but to date, such miniature imaging probes have only yielded M-mode (single image line) or still images.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>Here, we present a motorized actuation approach to fiber-optic interventional OpUS imaging that enables sustained and video-rate imaging while retaining its small form factor.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>A fabrication method utilizing a commercial laser cutter is presented that yields partially forward-emitting OpUS sources ideally suited for interventional image guidance. These transmitters were incorporated into a miniature imaging probe with a width of just <math><mrow><mn>600</mn> <mtext>  </mtext> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>m</mi></mrow> </math> (1.8 mm with protective encapsulation) and combined with a linear actuator to synthesize an imaging aperture at the distal end of the probe through manipulation at its proximal end.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The presented imaging paradigm achieved real-time, two-dimensional OpUS imaging at frame rates of up to 7 Hz and was capable of high-resolution imaging ( <math><mrow><mn>94</mn> <mtext>  </mtext> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>m</mi></mrow> </math> axial and <math><mrow><mn>241</mn> <mtext>  </mtext> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>m</mi></mrow> </math> lateral). The imaging performance of the presented imaging system was assessed using various imaging phantoms, and its clinical suitability was confirmed by emulating endobronchial OpUS imaging through a commercial bronchoscope.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results constitute the first-ever sustained, real-time dynamic imaging using a side-viewing single-element OpUS probe via rapid actuation, which enables a wide range of applications in minimally invasive surgical guidance.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"30 3","pages":"036005"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-time multispectral imaging for intraoperative monitoring of coronary artery bypass graft patency.","authors":"Jens De Winne, Danilo Babin, Hiep Luong, Siri Luthman, Aleksandar M Milosavljević, Živojin Jonjev, Jan Hrubik, Lazar Velicki","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.3.036001","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.3.036001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for 16% of all deaths. A common treatment is coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), though up to 12% of bypass grafts fail during surgery. Early detection of graft failure by intraoperative graft patency assessment could prevent severe complications.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aim to evaluate multispectral imaging (MSI) as a non-invasive, contrast-free method for assessing graft patency during CABG surgery.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>MSI was conducted at video rate during three CABG surgeries and two control surgeries. Two multispectral snapshot cameras captured images in the visible and near-infrared range. Tissue oxygenation and perfusion were derived using linear spectral unmixing and spectral indices.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant increases in both oxygenation ( <math><mrow><mn>12.22</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>10.24</mn> <mo>%</mo></mrow> </math> , <math><mrow><mi>p</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>0.001</mn></mrow> </math> ) and perfusion index ( <math><mrow><mn>4.50</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>1.79</mn></mrow> </math> , <math><mrow><mi>p</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>0.001</mn></mrow> </math> ) were observed after CABG, with no significant changes in control surgeries (oxygenation: <math><mrow><mo>-</mo> <mn>0.36</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>2.57</mn> <mo>%</mo></mrow> </math> , <math><mrow><mi>p</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.041</mn></mrow> </math> ; perfusion: <math><mrow><mn>0.41</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>1.33</mn></mrow> </math> , <math><mrow><mi>p</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.482</mn></mrow> </math> ). These findings demonstrate the ability of MSI to indicate graft patency, in which the bypass graft restores oxygen-rich blood flow.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MSI could offer a valuable tool for surgeons, helping to reduce the risk of graft failure and improve patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"30 3","pages":"036001"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11897914/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143615569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of photodynamic therapy efficacy against <i>Escherichia coli</i>-<i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> biofilms using optical coherence tomography.","authors":"Valentin V Demidov, Matthew C Bond, Natalia Demidova, Ida Leah Gitajn, Carey D Nadell, Jonathan Thomas Elliott","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.3.036003","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.3.036003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>In orthopedic trauma surgery, spatially structured biofilm ecosystems of bacteria that colonize orthopedic devices account for up to 65% of all healthcare infections, including tens of millions of people affected in the United States. These biofilm infections typically show increased resistance to antibiotics due to their structure and composition, which contributes significantly to treatment failure. Anti-biofilm approaches are needed together with clinically usable microscopic-resolution imaging techniques for treatment efficacy assessment.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been recently proposed to combat clinically relevant biofilms (chronic wound infections, dental biofilms, etc.) using photosensitizers excited with visible light to generate reactive oxygen species that can kill bacteria residing within pathogenic biofilms. We aim to assess the efficacy of this treatment for eradication of biofilms typically present on surfaces of orthopedic devices (e.g., intramedullary nails and osseointegrated prosthetic implants).</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>In the first phase reported here, we test aPDT <i>in vitro</i> by growing biofilms of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> bacteria (two of the seven most common pathogens found in orthopedic trauma patients) inside soft lithography-fabricated microfluidic devices. We treat these biofilms with 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-based aPDT, evaluate treatment efficacy with optical coherence tomography, and compare with regular clinical antibiotic treatment outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The antibacterial efficiency of 5-ALA-based aPDT showed nonlinear dependence on the photosensitizer concentration and the light power density, with low parameters ( <math><mrow><mn>30</mn> <mtext>  </mtext> <mi>J</mi> <mo>/</mo> <msup><mrow><mi>cm</mi></mrow> <mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow> </msup> </mrow> </math> light dose, <math><mrow><mn>100</mn> <mtext>  </mtext> <mi>mg</mi> <mo>/</mo> <mi>mL</mi></mrow> </math> 5-ALA concentration) being significantly more effective than antibiotic-treated groups ( <math><mrow><mi>p</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>0.01</mn></mrow> </math> ), reaching 99.98% of bacteria killed at <math><mrow><mn>150</mn> <mtext>  </mtext> <mi>J</mi> <mo>/</mo> <msup><mrow><mi>cm</mi></mrow> <mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow> </msup> </mrow> </math> light dose and <math><mrow><mn>200</mn> <mtext>  </mtext> <mi>mg</mi> <mo>/</mo> <mi>mL</mi></mrow> </math> 5-ALA concentration setting.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Performed experiments enable the translation of this portable treatment/imaging platform to the second phase of the study: aPDT treatment response assessment of biofilms grown on orthopedic hardware.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"30 3","pages":"036003"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11905920/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143624897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning-based classification of spatially resolved diffuse reflectance and autofluorescence spectra acquired on human skin for actinic keratoses and skin carcinoma diagnostics aid.","authors":"Valentin Kupriyanov, Walter Blondel, Christian Daul, Martin Hohmann, Grégoire Khairallah, Yury Kistenev, Marine Amouroux","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.3.035001","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.3.035001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>The incidence of keratinocyte carcinomas (KCs) is increasing every year, making the task of developing new methods for KC early diagnosis of utmost medical and economical importance.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aim to evaluate the KC diagnostic aid performance of an optical spectroscopy device associated with a machine-learning classification method.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>We present the classification performance of autofluorescence and diffuse reflectance optical spectra obtained <i>in vivo</i> from 131 patients on four histological classes: basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), actinic keratosis (AK), and healthy (H) skin. Classification accuracies obtained by support vector machine, discriminant analysis, and multilayer perceptron in binary- and multi-class modes were compared to define the best classification pipeline.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The accuracy of binary classification tests was <math><mrow><mo>></mo> <mn>80</mn> <mo>%</mo></mrow> </math> to discriminate BCC or SCC from H. For AK versus other classes, the classification achieved a 65% to 75% accuracy. In multiclass (three or four classes) classification modes, accuracy reached 57%. Fusion of decisions increased classification accuracies (up to 10 percentage point-increase), proving the interest of multimodal spectroscopy compared with a single modality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Such levels of classification accuracy are promising as they are comparable to those obtained by general practitioners in KC screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"30 3","pages":"035001"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11877879/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143557093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small intestinal bleeding prediction by spectral reconstruction through band selection.","authors":"Hsin-Yu Kuo, Riya Karmakar, Arvind Mukundan, Chu-Kuang Chou, Tsung-Hsien Chen, Chien-Wei Huang, Kai-Yao Yang, Hsiang-Chen Wang","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.3.036004","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.3.036004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>The identification of gastrointestinal bleeding holds significant importance in wireless capsule endoscopy examinations, primarily because bleeding is the most prevalent anomaly within the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, gastrointestinal bleeding serves as a crucial indicator or manifestation of various other gastrointestinal disorders, including ulcers, polyps, tumors, and Crohn's disease. Gastrointestinal bleeding may be classified into two categories: active bleeding, which refers to the presence of continuing bleeding, and inactive bleeding, which can potentially manifest in any region of the gastrointestinal system. Currently, medical professionals diagnose gastrointestinal bleeding mostly by examining complete wireless capsule endoscopy images. This approach is known to be demanding in terms of labor and time.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This research used white-light images (WLIs) obtained from 100 patients using the PillCam™ SB 3 capsule endoscope to identify and label the areas of bleeding seen in the WLIs.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>A total of 152 photographs depicting bleeding and 182 images depicting non-bleeding were selected for analysis. In addition, hyperspectral imaging was used to transform WLI into hyperspectral images using spectral reconstruction through band selection. These images were then categorized into WLIs and hyperspectral images. The training set consisted of seven datasets, each including six spectra. These datasets were used to train the Visual Geometry Group-16 (VGG-16) model, which was developed using a convolutional neural network. Subsequently, the model was tested, and its diagnostic accuracy was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The accuracy rates for the respective measures are 83.1%, 65.8%, 66.2%, 72.2%, 73.7%, and 88%. The respective precision values are 78.5%, 47.5%, 30.6%, 59.5%, 77.7%, and 80.2%. The recall rates for the relevant data points are 83.3%, 67.9%, 86%, 74.2%, 68.6%, and 92.4%. The initial dataset comprises an image captured under white-light conditions, whereas the final dataset is the most refined spectral picture data.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings suggest that employing spectral imaging within the wavelength range of 405 to 415 nm can enhance the accuracy of detecting small intestinal bleeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"30 3","pages":"036004"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11922165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In vivo</i> evaluation of burn severity in skin tissue of rats using hemoglobin parameters estimated by red-green-blue imaging.","authors":"Rokeya Khatun, Kaisei Okura, Md Anowar Parvez, Kazuhiro Yashiro, Yuki Nagahama, Yasuyuki Tsunoi, Satoko Kawauchi, Daizoh Saitoh, Shunichi Sato, Izumi Nishidate","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.3.036006","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.3.036006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Burn injuries are a global public health problem and are estimated to cause more than 150,000 deaths annually. Even non-fatal burns result in prolonged hospitalization, disfigurement, and disability. The depth of the burn injury is crucial information for selecting adequate treatment for burns. The most common, convenient, and widely used method for assessing burn severity is visual examination, but the accuracy of this method is insufficient, at only 60% to 75%. Rapid and accurate assessment of burn severity is critical for optimal management and treatment of burn patients. Methods of burn severity assessment that are inexpensive, simple, rapid, non-contact, and non-invasive are thus needed.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aim to propose an approach to visualize the spatial distribution of burn severity using hemoglobin parameters estimated from a snapshot red-green-blue (RGB) color image and to demonstrate the feasibility of this proposed approach for differentiating burn severity in a rat model of scald burn injury.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>The approach to creating a spatial map of burn severity was based on canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) of total hemoglobin concentration, tissue oxygen saturation, and methemoglobin saturation as estimated from RGB color images. Burns of two different degrees of severity were created in rat dorsal skin by 10-s exposure to water maintained at 70°C and 78°C. RGB color images for the dorsal regions were acquired under anesthesia before burn injury and at 24, 48, and 72 h after injury.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most areas of images in the groups with skin exposed to 70°C, 78°C, and 37°C water were classified as 70°C burn, 78°C burn, and non-burned normal skin, respectively, over 48 to 72 h. In contrast, classification images of the skin group exposed to 70°C water for 24 h showed a mixture of non-burned normal skin and 70°C burned areas, suggesting that burn severity was heterogeneous.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The proposed approach combining RGB color imaging and CDA appears promising for differentiating 78°C burns from 70°C burns and non-burned normal skin and non-burned normal skin from 70°C and 78°C burns at 24 to 72 h after burn injury in a rat model of scald burn injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"30 3","pages":"036006"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11931295/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fiftieth anniversary of fiber optic-based fluorometry of brain mitochondrial NADH redox state monitored <i>in vivo</i>.","authors":"Avraham Mayevsky","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.S2.S23902","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.S2.S23902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>It is well known and accepted that the normal mitochondrial function in all cells in any organism is critical for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. The development of <i>in vivo</i> technology to monitor mitochondrial function using nicotine-amide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) fluorescence started in the early 1950s. Until the early 1970s, the technology used for the light transfer between the light source and the monitored tissue as well as the detection system was very rigid and complicated. Monitoring of mitochondrial NADH redox states <i>in vivo</i> using the fluorescence approach could use a few techniques to transmit the light between the fluorometer and the monitored tissue.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>I describe the introduction of optical fibers as a tool to illuminate the monitored tissue as well as the light emitted from the tissue. I also present the advantages of using optical fibers.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>I describe in detail the introduction of ultraviolet (UV) transmitting optical fibers into the NADH monitoring system using various experimental protocols. The contact between the fiber optic probe and the monitored brain tissue was done by a special cannula cemented to the skull after removing a disk of bone in the parietal bone of the skull. In the same brain cannula, stainless steel electrodes, for electrocortical activity monitoring, were embedded in the wall of the light guide holder. The light guide holder was cemented to the skull by dental acrylic cement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using the fiber optic probe to monitor NADH fluorescence together with microcirculatory blood flow measured by laser Doppler flowmeter provided the new very unique types of results not published before.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The introduction of UV-transmitting optical fibers, 50 years ago, to monitor tissue mitochondrial redox state opened up a new era in understanding the energy metabolism of tissues under <i>in vivo</i> conditions and in real time.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"30 Suppl 2","pages":"S23902"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11836542/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143458078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical imaging of metabolic dynamics in ALS under methionine regulation.","authors":"Khang Hoang, Sirasit Prayotamornkul, Chan-Yu Kuo, Hongje Jang, Lingyan Shi","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.S2.S23906","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.S2.S23906","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) in dysfunctional mitochondria, combined with inefficient antioxidant defenses, can drive amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) progression. L-methionine (Met) can neutralize ROS by modulating metabolism and activating antioxidants; however, its impact on ALS remains unknown.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aim to investigate the influence of excess Met on cellular metabolism and ROS accumulation and its role in ALS using multimodal optical imaging techniques.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>We applied deuterium oxide-probed stimulated Raman scattering imaging to study metabolic changes of lipids, proteins, and cytochrome <math><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow> </math> and two-photon excitation fluorescence imaging to assess mitochondrial redox state (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide ratio) in ALS cellular models under excess Met treatment. With three-dimensional (3D) image reconstruction, we investigated morphological changes of lipid droplets (LDs) and stress granules (SGs) in ALS models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Excess Met not only promoted syntheses of lipids and unsaturated lipid membranes but also reduced protein synthesis, cytochrome <math><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow> </math> oxidation, and oxidative stress. Moreover, 3D image reconstruction showed that LDs increased in volume and number to promote cellular repair, whereas SGs decreased in volume but increased in number in response to reduced cellular stress.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Excess Met offers a protective mechanism against oxidative stress and promotes cellular repair in ALS.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"30 Suppl 2","pages":"S23906"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12102500/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}