Journal of Biomedical Optics最新文献

{"title":"Deep-learning-enabled spatial frequency domain imaging of the spatiotemporal dynamics of skin physiology.","authors":"Guowu Huang, Yansen Hu, Weihao Lin, Chenfan Shen, Jianmin Yang, Zhineng Xie, Yifan Ge, Xin Jin, Xiafei Qian, Min Xu","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.4.046008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.30.4.046008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) is an emerging optical imaging modality for visualizing tissue absorption and scattering properties. This approach is promising for noninvasive wide field-of-view (FOV) monitoring of biophysiological processes <i>in vivo</i>.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aim to develop deep-learning-enabled spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI-net) for real-time large FOV imaging of the optical, structural, and physiological properties and demonstrate its application for probing the spatiotemporal dynamics of skin physiology.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>SFDI-net, based on mapping of a two-layer structure into an equivalent homogeneous medium for spatially modulated light and with a convolutional neural network architecture, produces two-dimensional maps of optical, structural, and physiological parameters for bilayered tissue, including cutaneous hemoglobin concentration, oxygen saturation, scattering properties (reduced scattering coefficient and scattering power), melanin content, surface roughness, and epidermal thickness, with visible spatially modulated light at the camera frame rate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with traditional approaches, SFDI-net achieves a real-time inversion speed and significantly improves image quality by effectively suppressing noise while preserving tissue structure without oversmoothing. We demonstrate the application of the SFDI-net for monitoring the spatiotemporal dynamics of forearm skin physiology in reactive hyperemia and rhythmic respiration and reveal their intricate patterns in hemodynamics.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Deep-learning-enabled spatial frequency domain imaging and SFDI-net may offer insights into the cardiorespiratory system and have promising clinical utility for disease diagnosis, surveillance, and therapeutic assessment. Future hardware and software advancements will bring SFDI-net to clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"30 4","pages":"046008"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12014942/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144036408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imaging the <i>ex-vivo</i> human cochlea using 1.3-<i>μ</i>m and 1.7-<i>μ</i>m optical coherence tomography.","authors":"Jack C Tang, Dorothy W Pan, John S Oghalai, Brian E Applegate","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.4.046007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.30.4.046007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>There is no clinical imaging method to visualize the soft tissues of the human cochlea, which are crucial for sound transduction and are damaged in sensorineural hearing loss. Although optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been effective in small animal models, we show for the first time that it can image through the full thickness of the <i>ex-vivo</i> human otic capsule and resolve cochlear microstructures despite increased scattering.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aim to investigate whether OCT could image the cochlea through the otic capsule. We compared 1.7 and <math><mrow><mn>1.3</mn> <mtext>  </mtext> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>m</mi></mrow> </math> OCT to test if the reduced scattering at <math><mrow><mn>1.7</mn> <mtext>  </mtext> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>m</mi></mrow> </math> provided any appreciable advantage for imaging the cochleae.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>OCT interferometers were built for both 1.3 and <math><mrow><mn>1.7</mn> <mtext>  </mtext> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>m</mi></mrow> </math> wavelengths, using identical sample and reference arm optics in both systems. Imaging was performed on two fixed human temporal bones with intact cochleae. The interferometers were designed to allow seamless switching between 1.3 and <math><mrow><mn>1.7</mn> <mtext>  </mtext> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>m</mi></mrow> </math> OCT without disrupting the temporal bone during imaging.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We took volumetric OCT images at the base, apex, and hook regions of fixed <i>ex-vivo</i> human cochleae and compared the images taken at <math><mrow><mn>1.3</mn> <mtext>  </mtext> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>m</mi></mrow> </math> with those taken at <math><mrow><mn>1.7</mn> <mtext>  </mtext> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>m</mi></mrow> </math> . At both wavelengths, we could see through the otic capsule and identify cochlear structures. In some cases, <math><mrow><mn>1.7</mn> <mtext>  </mtext> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>m</mi></mrow> </math> OCT resulted in clearer images of the lateral wall, interior scala, and fine cochlear structures due to reduced multiple scattering at depth compared with <math><mrow><mn>1.3</mn> <mtext>  </mtext> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>m</mi></mrow> </math> .</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We conclude that both <math><mrow><mn>1.7</mn> <mtext>  </mtext> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>m</mi></mrow> </math> and <math><mrow><mn>1.3</mn> <mtext>  </mtext> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>m</mi></mrow> </math> OCT can image through the human otic capsule, offering the potential for direct measurement of cochlear vibrometry or blood flow in living humans. Using <math><mrow><mn>1.7</mn> <mtext>  </mtext> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>m</mi></mrow> </math> light, we observed reduced multiple scattering in the otic capsule, leading to enhanced contrast of cochlear structures compared with <math><mrow><mn>1.3</mn> <mtext>  </mtext> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>m</mi></mrow> </math> . However, these improvements were marginal and came with trade-offs.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"30 4","pages":"046007"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12005953/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144020248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing optical coherence tomography to detect occult spermatozoa in rat testis after induced non-obstructive azoospermia.","authors":"Luyang Yu, Yanhe Lue, Hang Yang, Junze Liu, Carlos Vega, Kevin Ho, Jacob Rajfer, Christina Wang, Ronald Swerdloff, B Hyle Park","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.4.046005","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.4.046005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>The ability to detect and localize sperm in the testes is crucial for the treatment of non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA), a condition where sperm retrieval is challenging due to the lack of visible sperm. Enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of sperm detection can significantly improve the outcomes of microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) procedures in NOA patients.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aim to use optical coherence tomography (OCT) to detect the presence or absence of sperm in the imaged areas of the testes and to localize sperm-containing seminiferous tubules in a rat model of NOA.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>Volumetric OCT scanning was performed on 180 distinct regions from the testes of two control and 15 busulfan-treated rats to mimic NOA. Following scanning, excised tubules were observed under a dissecting microscope with transillumination to confirm the presence of sperm. The OCT data were processed by first delineating the tubule lumen and then evaluating the calibrated intensity and attenuation coefficient within the lumen. These quantifications, along with outer tubule diameter, were evaluated to identify sperm by comparison with the results of the microscope examination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our OCT results revealed a significant correlation between the presence of sperm and high attenuation coefficients in a rat model of NOA. The accuracy of sperm detection by OCT is 97.8% when compared with microscopic identification. In addition, OCT data were utilized for color-coded processing to automatically distinguish regions with a greater likelihood of the presence of sperm, which may assist surgeons in locating occult sperm in NOA patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>By providing high-resolution, non-invasive, automatic capture, and color-coded images, OCT has the potential to significantly enhance the efficiency of identification of tubules with spermatozoa during micro-TESE.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"30 4","pages":"046005"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11978465/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical coherence tomography for label-free detection and characterization of methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> biofilms.","authors":"Natalia Demidova, Jason R Gunn, Ida Leah Gitajn, Ilya Alex Vitkin, Jonathan Thomas Elliott, Valentin V Demidov","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.4.046003","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.4.046003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Orthopedic implant-associated infections cause serious complications primarily attributed to bacterial biofilm formation and are often characterized by increased antibiotic resistance and diminished treatment response. Yet, no methods currently exist to identify biofilms intraoperatively-surgeons rely solely on their eyes and hands and cannot detect or differentiate infected tissue to determine the location and extent of contamination.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>As the first step in addressing this unmet clinical need, here, we develop an optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based imaging method capable of detection <i>in situ</i> and quantification of one of the most dangerous orthopedic biofilms formed by methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA).</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>Growing biofilms on orthopedic hardware, we identify MRSA distinct optical signature through histogram-based multi-parametric texture analysis of OCT images and support the findings with bioluminescence imaging and scanning electron microscopy. Under identical experimental conditions, we identify an optical signature of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) biofilms and use it to distinguish and quantify both species within MRSA-<i>E. coli</i> biofilms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The developed OCT-based methodology was successfully tested for (1) MRSA colonies delineation, (2) detection of metal hardware (an important feature for clinical translation where the metal surface of most orthopedic hardware is not flat), (3) automated quantification of biofilm thickness and roughness, and (4) identification of pores and, therefore, ability to evaluate the role of porosity-one of the critical biological metrics in relation to biofilm maturity and response to treatment. For the first time, we demonstrated complex pore structures of thick ( <math><mrow><mo>></mo> <mn>100</mn> <mrow><mtext>  </mtext></mrow> <mrow><mtext>microns</mtext></mrow> </mrow> </math> ) MRSA biofilms <i>in situ</i> with an unprecedented level of detail.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The proposed rapid noninvasive detection/quantification of MRSA biofilms on metal surfaces and delineation of their complex network of pores opens new venues for label-free MRSA detection in preclinical models of trauma surgery, expansion to other bacterial strains, and further clinical translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"30 4","pages":"046003"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11960790/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical coherence tomography needle probe for real-time visualization of temperature-induced phase changes within subcutaneous fatty tissue.","authors":"Hinnerk Schulz-Hildebrandt, Michael Wang-Evers, Naja Meyer-Schell, Daniel Karasik, Malte J Casper, Tim Eixmann, Felix Hilge, Reginald Birngruber, Dieter Manstein, Gereon Hüttmann","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.3.035002","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.3.035002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Significance</b>: Selective cryolipolysis is a widely used aesthetic procedure that cools subcutaneous adipose tissue to temperatures as low as <math><mrow><mo>-</mo> <mn>11</mn> <mo>°</mo> <mi>C</mi></mrow> </math> to induce fat cell destruction. However, real-time monitoring techniques are lacking, limiting the ability to optimize safety and efficacy. Traditional imaging methods either fail to provide adequate penetration depth or lack the resolution necessary for visualizing subcutaneous fatty tissue dynamics. <b>Aim</b>: This paper aims to demonstrate that an optical coherence tomography (OCT) needle probe can be used for real-time observation of temperature-induced changes in subcutaneous fatty tissue, potentially enhancing the assessment and optimization of cryolipolysis procedures. <b>Approach</b>: We developed a side-viewing OCT-based needle probe designed for subcutaneous imaging. The probe consists of a fiber-optic system encased in a transparent, biocompatible polymer catheter with an outer diameter of <math><mrow><mn>900</mn> <mtext>  </mtext> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>m</mi></mrow> </math> . A 49-degree angled fiber enables imaging, while a piezoelectric scanning system moves the fiber transversely within the catheter. The probe achieves a lateral resolution of <math><mrow><mo><</mo> <mn>15</mn> <mtext>  </mtext> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>m</mi></mrow> </math> , a working distance of <math><mrow><mn>600</mn> <mtext>  </mtext> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>m</mi></mrow> </math> , and a lateral field of view dictated by the scanning system length. OCT imaging was performed on porcine skin with a subcutaneous fat layer >3 cm thick during controlled heating and cooling. <b>Results</b>: OCT imaging revealed increased optical scattering in subcutaneous fatty tissue during cooling, corresponding to the phase transition from liquid to solid. This effect was reversible upon warming, indicating that OCT can dynamically monitor adipocyte crystallization in real time. The observed transition temperatures varied, likely due to differences in lipid composition. <b>Conclusions</b>: OCT-based needle imaging enables direct, high-resolution visualization of adipocyte crystallization, offering a potential tool for optimizing selective cryolipolysis treatments. This technology could improve safety and efficacy by providing real-time feedback on tissue response, facilitating a better understanding of the cooling-induced fat reduction process.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"30 3","pages":"035002"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11895999/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143605128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remote sensing of alcohol consumption using machine learning speckle pattern analysis.","authors":"Doron Duadi, Avraham Yosovich, Marianna Beiderman, Sergey Agdarov, Nisan Ozana, Yevgeny Beiderman, Zeev Zalevsky","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.3.037001","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.3.037001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Alcohol consumption monitoring is essential for forensic and healthcare applications. While breath and blood alcohol concentration sensors are currently the most common methods, there is a growing need for faster, non-invasive, and more efficient assessment techniques. The rationale for our binary classification relates to law enforcement applications in countries with strict limits on alcohol consumption such as China, which seeks to prevent driving with even the smallest amount of alcohol in the bloodstream.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We propose a remote optical technique for assessing alcohol consumption using speckle pattern analysis, enhanced by machine learning for binary classification. This method offers remote and fast alcohol consumption evaluation without requiring before and after comparisons.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>Our experimental setup includes a laser directed toward the subject's radial artery, a camera capturing defocused speckle pattern images of the illuminated area, and a computer. Participants consumed alcohol and were tested periodically. We developed a machine learning classification model that performs automatic feature selection based on temporal analysis of the speckle patterns. The model was evaluated using various labeling schemes: classification with five labels, consolidation to three labels by merging similar labels, and three different binary classifications cases (\"Alcohol\" or \"No alcohol\").</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our classification models showed improving accuracy as we reduced the number of labels. The initial five-label model achieved 61% accuracy. When consolidated into three labels, the models achieved accuracies of 74% and 85% for the two cases. The binary classification models performed best, with model A achieving 91% accuracy and 97% specificity, model B achieving 83% accuracy, and model C achieving 88% accuracy with 99% sensitivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our binary classification model C can successfully distinguish between pre- and post-alcohol consumption with high sensitivity and accuracy. This performance is particularly valuable for clinical and forensic applications, where minimizing false negatives is crucial.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"30 3","pages":"037001"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11877390/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143557094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light-based therapy of infected wounds: a review of dose considerations for photodynamic microbial inactivation and photobiomodulation.","authors":"Nidhi Singh, Lothar Lilge","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.3.030901","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.3.030901","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Chronic or surgical wound infections in healthcare remain a worldwide problem without satisfying options. Systemic or topical antibiotic use is an inadequate solution, given the increase in antimicrobial-resistant microbes. Hence, antibiotic-free alternatives are needed. Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) has been shown to be effective in wound disinfection. Among the impediments to the wide utility of aPDI for wounds is the high variability in reported photosensitizer and light dose to be effective and unintentional detrimental impact on the wound closure rates. Additionally, the time required by the healthcare professional to deliver this therapy is excessive in the present form of delivery.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We reviewed the dose ranges for various photosensitizers required to achieve wound disinfection or sterilization while not unintentionally inhibiting wound closure through concomitant photobiomodulation (PBM) processes.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>To allow comparison of aPDI or PBM administered doses, we employ a unified dose concept based on the number of absorbed photons per unit volume by the photosensitizer or cytochrome C oxidase for aPDI and PBM, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One notes that for current aPDI protocols, the absorbed photons per unit volume for wound disinfection or sterilization can lead to inhibiting normal wound closure through PBM processes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Options to reduce the dose discrepancy between effective aPDI and PBM are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"30 3","pages":"030901"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11803141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visible light polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography with balanced detection.","authors":"Bahar Baradaran, Adam J Black, Sarah R Heilbronner, Taner Akkin","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.3.036002","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.3.036002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>We introduce a visible-light polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) system that operates in the spectral domain with balanced detection (BD) capability. While the BD improves the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the use of shorter wavelengths improves spatial resolution and birefringence sensitivity.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aim to implement a new optical design, characterize its performance, and investigate the imaging potential for biological tissues.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>The design utilizes a unique interferometer and a custom spectrometer that captures four highly aligned spectra with a single area/multi-line camera. Each pair of spectral lines is highly aligned, and their subtraction yields balanced detected spectra of the PS-OCT channels. The resulting channels provide multiple imaging contrasts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We measured the axial resolution and quantified the BD performance within the imaging depth. We also used a variable retarder to characterize the phase retardance and optic axis orientation measurements. Imaging results demonstrate the expected improvements for biological tissue.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We successfully implemented BD for a high-resolution visible-light PS-OCT. Improved SNR and birefringence sensitivity allow better delineation of birefringent structures in biological tissues. This opens up new opportunities in the biomedical imaging field, especially for resolving structures and fibers that exhibit birefringence.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"30 3","pages":"036002"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11896081/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of skin fibrosis in a murine model of systemic sclerosis with multifunctional optical coherence tomography.","authors":"Harshdeep Singh Chawla, Yanping Chen, Minghua Wu, Pavel Nikitin, Jessica Gutierrez, Chandra Mohan, Manmohan Singh, Salavat R Aglyamov, Shervin Assassi, Kirill V Larin","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.3.036007","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.3.036007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic idiopathic disease that causes immune dysregulation, vasculopathy, and organ fibrosis that affects more than 3 million people in the US alone. The modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS) is the current gold standard for diagnosing and staging skin fibrosis in SSc. However, mRSS is subjective, requires extensive training, and has high observer variability.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aim to provide a quantitative method for the assessment of fibrosis.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>We utilized optical coherence tomography (OCT), its extensions, optical coherence elastography (OCE), and OCT angiography (OCTA) to evaluate SSc-like fibrosis and therapy response in a mouse model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We showed stiffness differences between fibrotic and normal mouse skin by week 4 ( <math><mrow><mi>p</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.02</mn></mrow> </math> ) during the longitudinal study. In the treatment response study, OCE recorded higher elastic wave velocity in untreated fibrotic skin ( <math><mrow><mi>p</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.04</mn></mrow> </math> ). Treated fibrotic skin stiffness was between normal and fibrotic levels. OCTA indicated significantly dilated microvasculature in fibrotic skin versus control ( <math><mrow><mi>p</mi> <mo>≪</mo> <mn>0.01</mn></mrow> </math> ), with more dilation in the treatment group ( <math><mrow><mi>p</mi> <mo>≪</mo> <mn>0.01</mn></mrow> </math> ) than in normal skin.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results indicate that OCT and its extensions effectively analyze dermal fibrosis. OCE revealed increased stiffness in fibrotic skin, OCTA showed vessel dilation, and OCT noted morphological changes in fibrosis tissue.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"30 3","pages":"036007"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11949416/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and preclinical evaluation of an endonasal Raman spectroscopy probe for transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma surgery.","authors":"Victor Blanquez-Yeste, Félix Janelle, Trang Tran, Katherine Ember, Guillaume Sheehy, Frédérick Dallaire, Eric Marple, Kirk Urmey, Moujahed Labidi, Frédéric Leblond","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.3.035004","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.3.035004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>For most patients with pituitary adenomas, surgical resection represents a viable therapeutic option, particularly in cases with endocrine symptoms or local mass effects. Diagnostic imaging, including MRI and computed tomography, is employed clinically to plan pituitary adenoma surgery. However, these methods cannot provide surgical guidance information in real time to improve resection rates and reduce risks of damage to normal tissue during tumor debulking.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>Here, we present the development of a handheld Raman spectroscopy system that can be seamlessly integrated with transsphenoidal surgery workflows to allow live discrimination of all normal intracranial anatomical structures, including the pituitary gland, and potentially tissue abnormalities such as adenomas.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>A fiber-optic probe was developed with a form factor compatible with endoscopic systems for endonasal surgeries. The instrument was evaluated in an <i>ex vivo</i> experimental protocol designed to assess its ability to distinguish normal intracranial structures. A total of 274 <i>in situ</i> spectroscopic measurements were acquired from six lamb heads, targeting key anatomical structures encountered in surgery. Support vector machine models were developed to classify tissue types based on their spectral signatures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Binary classification models successfully distinguished the pituitary gland from other tissue structures with a sensitivity and a specificity of 100%. In addition, a four-class predictive model enabled <math><mrow><mo>></mo> <mn>95</mn> <mo>%</mo></mrow> </math> accuracy <i>in situ</i> discrimination of four structures of most importance during pituitary adenoma tumor resection, i.e., the pituitary gland, the sella turcica (ST) bone, the optic chiasm, and the ST dura mater.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This work sets the stage for the clinical deployment of Raman spectroscopy as an intraoperative real-time decision support system during transsphenoidal surgery, with future work focused on clinical integration and the generalization of the approach to include the detection of tissue abnormalities, such as pituitary adenomas.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"30 3","pages":"035004"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11924674/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}