Journal of Biology and Life Science最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of Knowledge of Breaking Bad News among Doctors and Nurses in Tertiary Care Hospitals Across Pakistan","authors":"Sanum Kashif, Khalid Mehmood","doi":"10.37185/lns.1.1.257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37185/lns.1.1.257","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To establish the knowledge and skill of breaking bad news (BBN) among doctors and nurses in tertiary care hospitals of Pakistan.Study Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study.Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out on doctors and nurses in tertiary care hospitals across Pakistan from 20th March 2021 to 21st May 2021.Materials and Methods: A total of 60 responders from different tertiary care hospitals completed a questionnaire-based survey on the knowledge and skill of breaking bad news. The questionnaire was designed with the help of the guidance of experts of the Shaheen palliative care project, and its reliability and validity were checked by SPSS.For data collection, convenience sampling was used and to present the distribution of responses, frequencies and percentages were used. The sample size was calculated from the previous study using the WHO sample size calculator (2.2a for population proportions). Data was entered in Excel and analyzed using SPSS version 16.Results: Of the total participants, almost all 59 (98.3%) had the experience of breaking bad news to patients, 32 (53.3%) knew SPIKES protocol, whereas only 10 (18.2%) followed SPIKES model in delivering bad news.Conclusion: Among Pakistani doctors and nurses, the knowledge and skill of delivering breaking bad news is not satisfactory. Although breaking bad news is a part of training at different levels, it should be a part of the curriculum at all doctors and nurses to improve their communication skills, especially in terminal care.","PeriodicalId":15254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biology and Life Science","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77345558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio-Demographic and General Physical Risk Factors of Pre-Eclampsia in Pakistan","authors":"Bushra Iftikhar, Syed Imran Ali Shah, Mirza Ameer Faizan Ali, M. Iftikhar, Mehwish Rana","doi":"10.37185/lns.1.1.309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37185/lns.1.1.309","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Multiple factors are known to increase the risk of developing pre-eclampsia, a major obstetric complication, but local data are limited. The present study was conducted to determine the risk factors of pre-eclampsia in pregnant women from the local population.Study Design: Cross-sectional study.Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in Lahore, Pakistan, at University of Health Sciences and partnering institutes from 1st July 2017 to 30th October 2021.Materials and Methods: Pregnant females with pre-eclampsia (study group, n=45) and healthy pregnant women (control group, n=45) whose gestational age was between 30-34 weeks were selected. Socio-demographic and general physical characteristics were noted. Mean ± Standard Deviation (SD) and Median ± Inter Quartile Range (IQR) were given based on normality distribution, and group comparisons were made using normality-appropriate statistical tests. Categorical variables were expressed as frequencies and percentages. The chi-square test was applied to observe an association between categorical variables. A p-value of < 0.05 was analyzed as significant.Results: Pre-eclamptic women had higher mean weight (kg, 73.48±6.35 vs.70.48±5.45, p= 0.018) and BMI (kg/m2, 28.8±1.42 vs. 27.5±1.48, p =0.000). Similarly, blood pressures (mmHg)-both systolic and diastolic were also elevated in study females (systolic 156.86±8.27 vs. 112.8±10.62, p=0.000; diastolic 106.9±11.66 vs. 74.0±10.27, p=0.000). Living in an extended family, being a housewife, less outdoor activity, insufficient dairy consumption, the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus in the family, and proteinuria and edema were significantly more frequent in the study group.Conclusion: Multiple risk factors related to social standing, demography, and anthropometry are associated with pre-eclampsia. There is a need for social and health policies aimed at eliminating these risk factors to reduce the incidence of pre-eclampsia and related health-economic burdens in the local population.","PeriodicalId":15254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biology and Life Science","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86941240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caudal Epidural Block versus Combined Ilioinguinal and Iliohypogastric Nerve Block for Post-Operative Analgesia in Pediatric Surgeries Below the Umbilicus","authors":"Amna Zaheer, F. Hussain, Rizwan Raheem Ahmed, W. Niazi, M. Aziz, Abid F Khan","doi":"10.37185/lns.1.1.336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37185/lns.1.1.336","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To compare the duration and effectiveness of postoperative analgesia provided by caudal block versus combined Ilioinguinal and Iliohypogastric nerve block in pediatric infra-umbilical surgeries.Study Design: Quasi-experimental.Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Anesthesia Department of Pak Emirates Military Hospital (PEMH) Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from June 2021 to December 2021.Materials and Methods: Sample size was calculated from the WHO sample size calculator using the population size received in 6 months. The sample size was filtered down by purposive sampling to 80 (children aged 5-10 years) using a pre-defined inclusion/exclusion criterion scheduled for below umbilicus surgeries. They were alternatively divided into two equal groups (n=40) where Group-C received a caudal block and Group-I received ultrasound-guided Ilioinguinal and Iliohypogastric nerve block. Both groups underwent the same general anesthesia technique with I-gel and similar medications at inductions. Our primary outcome measure was the duration of analgesia using the Revised Faces Pain Scale, where p-value <0.05 was considered significant. The secondary outcomes measured were motor block and urinary retention.Results: Median revised Faces Pain Score (FPS-R) immediately after surgery was 1.50(1) for Group-C and 0.00(1) for Group I, respectively. At 4 hours postoperatively, the median FPS-R in Group-C was 4.00(2), and in Group I, it was 2.00(0). After 8 hours, Group-C had a median FPS-R of 6.50(1) and Group-I had pain scores of 3.00(1).  Median pain scores of Group-C and Group-I at 12 hours postoperatively were 8.00(1) and 5.00(1), respectively. The demographic characteristics of the patients were comparable in both groups with similar duration of surgery. Group-C reported some cases of side effects, such as motor block and urinary retention, while Group-I did not have any of these effects. All anesthetic procedures did not otherwise have any adverse events.Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that combined Ilioinguinal and Iliohypogastric nerve block furnished efficient post-operative analgesia while requiring smaller amounts of local anesthetics and avoiding the adverse effects of the caudal block. It is an ideal regional block technique for infra-umbilical surgeries in pediatric populations at busy centres.","PeriodicalId":15254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biology and Life Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79626377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypoglycemia with Beta-Blocker in Patients with Type II Diabetes","authors":"Rehmat Wali, N. Muhammad, Naseem-Ur- Rahman, T. Khan, Muhammad Waqas, Muhammad Umair Khan","doi":"10.37185/lns.1.1.340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37185/lns.1.1.340","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To ascertain the frequency of hypoglycemia in diabetic patients using beta blockers.Study Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study.Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the Department of Nephrology and Medicine, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar, Pakistan, from 10th October 2021 to 10th April 2022.Materials and Methods: The total number of diabetic patients with hypoglycemia was 196, who were included in this study. The patients’ medical record was assessed, and the use of beta-blocker was noted and recorded.Results: This study included those patients whose ages ranged from 30 to 70 years, with a mean age of 51.964±6.38 years. The average duration of diabetes was 7.989±2.74 years, and an average weight of 87.178 kg. Male patients were 71.9%, and females were 28.1%, 43.9% of diabetic patients who had hypoglycemia used beta blockers. Conclusion:  According to this study, diabetic people who take oral beta-blockers have a higher risk of developing hypoglycemia. This research shows that Beta Blocker use causes increased chances of hypoglycemia in people with diabetes.","PeriodicalId":15254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biology and Life Science","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79199587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Anticancer Potential of Phytoconstituents of Cuminum cyminum Effective against Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Computational Approaches","authors":"Hina Majid Khan, Bushra Bibi, Erum Dilshad, R. Rani","doi":"10.37185/lns.1.1.302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37185/lns.1.1.302","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To explore anticancer agents from Cuminum cyminum against hepatocellular carcinoma.Study Design: In-silico approaches using computational tools to determine the anticancer potential of phytoconstituents of cumin against hepatocellular carcinoma.Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted from May 2021 to January 2022 at the Department of Bioinformatics and Biosciences of Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.Materials and Methods: In this study, bioactive compounds of Cuminum cyminum representatives of Flavonoids, Phenolic acids, Terpenes, and Glycosides were selected to determine the anticancer potential of these ligands using an in-silico approach.  Virtual screening of these ligands was carried out against the drug target, which was Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 (VEGFR-2).  To identify novel anticancer bioactive compounds of Cuminum cyminum as potential inhibitors of VEGFR-2, Lipinski rule of five, Pharmacokinetic properties, and molecular docking were performed. Lipinski's rule of five and the Pharmacokinetic properties of ligands were studied through the pkCSM tool. Auto-dock performed molecular docking.Results: From these selected compounds, four ligands showed themselves as hit compounds. Among them, Quercetin was selected as the lead compound in this research against VEGFR-2 because it showed a -10.14 kcal/mol binding score and showed more active results with less toxic effects than the standard drug, which was Lenvatinib. All ligands-protein interaction visualization analyses were performed by PyMol molecular visualization tool and Discovery tool.Conclusion: Quercetin was identified as a lead compound that should be explored as a drug candidate in wet lab analysis to validate its efficacy for the treatment of HCC.","PeriodicalId":15254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biology and Life Science","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82277350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moderating Role of Socio-Economic Status: Health Belief Model and Preventive Measures for COVID-19 Pandemic in Pakistan","authors":"Iram Mansoor Niazi, Zarnish Hussain","doi":"10.37185/lns.1.1.280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37185/lns.1.1.280","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The current study aimed at understanding the health belief model approach about the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan and the assessment of preventive measures against this pandemic. Secondly, the study aimed to examine the role of socioeconomic status as a moderator between the health belief model and preventive measures.Study Design:  Cross-sectional study.Place and Duration of Study: The study was cross-sectional and grounded on data gathered by google forms throughout Punjab province from March 2021 to May 2021.Materials and Methods: For assessment of the health belief model World Health Organization (WHO) Cosmo protocol was adopted, and the preventive strategies questionnaire was implemented through Google Forms. It analyzed how socioeconomic status moderates the influence of the health beliefs of the Pakistani population on preventive behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. Socio-economic status was assessed through the Federal Bureau of Statistic (FBS) data with the addition of four other dimensions (total family members, monthly income, total earning members in the family, residence personal/rent).Results: Results revealed that constructs of the health belief model, Susceptibility (p<.002), Severity (p<.026), Self-efficacy (p<.000), and Knowledge about the disease (p<.006) revealed a statistically predictive relationship with the predictive measures taken by Pakistani population. Furthermore, moderating analysis exposed that although some constructs of the health belief model played a significant role in the use of predictive measures, but role of socioeconomic status as a moderator in their relationship was non-significant.Conclusion: The current study's findings revealed that although different health beliefs like susceptibility, severity, self-efficacy, and knowledge predict the taking of preventive measures, socio-economic status as moderating variable played a non-significant role on the relationship between health beliefs and preventive measures taken by Pakistani population.","PeriodicalId":15254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biology and Life Science","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90555577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of an Auto-stable Bicanaliculus Intubation Stent in the Management of Acquired Punctal Stenosis","authors":"Murtaza Sameen, M. Shahid, Muhammad Adnan, Rebecca ., Muhammad Teyyeb Azeem","doi":"10.37185/lns.1.1.327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37185/lns.1.1.327","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the effectiveness of an autostable bicanaliculus Intubation stent in the management of acquired punctal stenosis in adults.Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried at the Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology (AFIO), Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from April 2022 to November 2022.Materials and Methods: This Quasi-experimental study is being conducted from April 2022 to November 2022 after approval from the hospital ethical review committee. A sum of 16 subjects were included in this study, of which 11 were females, and 4 were males, while one patient did not fulfill the follow-up criteria of our study, so was not included. In adult patients with proximal punctual stenosis, bicanalicular auto-stable self-retaining stents were implanted after performing probing sac syringing. Follow-up was done up to 06 months, and anatomical and functional success was determined with the help of munk score system of epiphora, which states 0 means no epiphora and 5 means constant epiphora.Results: Out of 15 subjects, 11 (73.3%) were females, and 4 (26.7%)) were males, who underwent bicanalicular stents.  In 14 (93.3%) subjects, anatomical and functional success was noticed, while in one (6.7%) patient, extrusion of the tube occurred.Conclusion: The treatment of proximal punctual stenosis in adults can be easily done with the help of bicanalicular auto-stable self-retaining stents which not only improve the anatomical success rate but also improves the functioning of the puncti.","PeriodicalId":15254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biology and Life Science","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87531133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Long-Term Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Serum Magnesium Levels: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Fuad Ahmad Siddiqi, Wasif Anwar, Muhammad Saad Aziz, Muhammad Hammad, Abdul Rehman Arshad, Umer Naseer","doi":"10.37185/lns.1.1.326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37185/lns.1.1.326","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the effect of long-term proton pump inhibitor use on serum magnesium levelsStudy Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study.Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Department of Medicine, Combined Military Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan, from August 2022 to September 2022.Materials and Methods: Individuals from both genders were included with a minimum proton pump inhibitor usage of 1 year. Possible confounders, including patients with a history of smoking and alcohol use, GI disorders, hemodialysis dependence, and supplement use, were excluded. Data were summarized as frequencies and mean using a statistical package for social sciences software version 23. Standard deviation was calculated for quantitative variables.Results: Out of 398 patients included in the study, 72.3% (n=288) were males, and 27.7% (n=110) were females. The mean duration of proton pump inhibitor usage was 3.88±3.79 years. The mean serum magnesium level measured was 0.9548±0.14mmol/L. 2.3% (n=9) individuals had serum magnesium levels <0.7mmol/L, and all of them were using 40mg/day of either of the PPIs, while the remaining 97.7% (n=389) had a serum magnesium level of ≥0.7mmol/L.Conclusion: This study did not find any statistically significant impact of long-term proton pump inhibitor use on Serum Magnesium levels. Dietary magnesium may have a role in preventing this complication.","PeriodicalId":15254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biology and Life Science","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82924216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Substituting Soybean Meal by Unprocessed and Processed Peanut Cake Meal on the Growth, Body Composition and Survival of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)","authors":"Oulimata Seck, J. Fall, Ndeye Codou Mbaye, M. Diouf","doi":"10.5296/jbls.v14i2.21123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/jbls.v14i2.21123","url":null,"abstract":"An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing soybean meal by unprocessed and processed peanut cake meal on the growth, body composition and survival of Nile tilapia fry. Five types of feed were produced: diet 1 containing unprocessed peanut meal (natural NPM), diet 2 toasted peanut meal (toasted TPM), diet 3 fermented peanut meal (fermented FPM), diet 4 steamed peanut meal (steamed SPM) and diet 5 containing soybean meal (SBM). For the diet containing FPM, the fermentation of the mill mixed with yeast lasted 7 days anaerobically. The diet containing SPM was formulated with a steam-treated cake on a couscous steamer held on a kettle. The diet made with TPM underwent heat treatment on a stove. The remaining part of the cake NPM did not undergo any transformation. The experiment was conducted in an open system at the University of Cheikh Anta Diop and lasted nearly for two months. The fish were first subjected to acclimatisation phase prior to the initiation of the trial. The five treatment diets were triplicated and the stocking density was 15 fish per tank with a total of 225 fry with an initial average weight of 0.13 g. The fish were raised in plastic tanks of 50L each and fed three times a day (9 a.m, 1p.m and 5 p.m) at a feeding rate of 8% and 3% of their body weight during the 1st, 2nd to 3rd and 4th 2 weeks respectively. The temperature and dissolved oxygen were monitored in the morning and evening and the culture units were cleaned, siphoned and refilled with water at two third of their capacity prior to the feeding. The results of this study indicated that dietary NPM and TPM could replace SBM without a negative impact on the growth of tilapia. The FCR of the fish fed the diet containing NPM, SPM, TPM are not significantly different with FCR of those fed SBM. There were effects on the body composition of the fish fed diets containing the substitution of soybean meal with processed peanunut cake. The survival rate varied from 93 to 100%. The results of the analysis of the aflatoxin level in the four types of feed containing peanut meal showed that the heat treatment had no effect on the aflatoxin content. The substitution of soybean meal with natural and toasted peanut cake has no adverse effect on growth and feed efficiency of Nile tilapia fry. The authors suggested to use natural or toasted peanut cake for better growth.","PeriodicalId":15254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biology and Life Science","volume":"151 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86731975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat Stress Induces Oxidative Stress and Predisposes Rats to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"Saada M. Mbepera, S. Mshamu, R. Max, J. Malago","doi":"10.5296/jbls.v14i2.21111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/jbls.v14i2.21111","url":null,"abstract":"Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a form of hyperglycemia due to carbohydrate intolerance that begins during pregnancy. This may be due to insulin resistance or impairment of insulin secretion during the pregnancy. Several causes of GDM have been identified which include oxidative stress (OS), however the association of heat stress and GDM development during pregnancy is limited. Therefore, this study aimed at examining the association between heat stress and GDM in rats. Pregnant and non-pregnant Wistar rats were maintained at 41 - 42°C for 21 days. On day 1, 8, 15 and 21 of the experiment, animals were humanely sacrificed. Blood samples for glucose, insulin, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) analyses were collected from the heart. Pancreatic tissues were fixed in neutral buffered formalin, and processed for histopathological studies. The findings demonstrated that, in pregnant rats, heat stress induced a significant increase in glucose linked with a drop in insulin levels than non-pregnant rats (P <0 .05). Also heat treatment was accompanied by an increase in MDA and a drop in GPx levels. Histological examinations of the pancreas revealed damaged β-cells on day 15 and reduction in the number of β-cells by day 21 of the experiment in the pregnant rats. These results suggest that heat stress raises the levels of OS in pregnant rats than non-pregnant rats and increases the chance of GDM as it is associated with β-cell defects in the pancreas.","PeriodicalId":15254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biology and Life Science","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87115956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}