Journal of Biology and Life Science最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of Intercropping and Tobacco Leaf Extract for Management of Fruit Borer (Helicoverpa armigera) and Some Associated Beneficial Insects on Tomato in Eastern Hararghe, Ethiopia","authors":"Belachew Dabalo","doi":"10.5296/jbls.v15i2.22085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/jbls.v15i2.22085","url":null,"abstract":"Tomato production is challenged by different insect pests among these, fruit borer is the most destructing pests of tomato. To tackle these problems, the study was initiated with the objective to evaluate intercropping and tobacco extract on fruit borer and some associated beneficial insects on tomato in Eastern Hararghe. Head cabbage, common bean, onion, tobacco leaf extract and karate were used as treatments. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with four replications. From these results, significant differences were observed between treatments on larval population per plant and infestation per plant for all insect pests tested and also in population reduction. Tobacco leaf extract highly reduced the population occurrence and infestation level of fruit borer next to karate and followed by onion intercropping. The number of branches, number of fruits, and number of damaged fruits, marketable yield, non-marketable yield, and total yield also showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) among the treatments. The number of fruits per plant, marketable yield, and Total yield were the highest on onion intercrops followed by karate and tobacco extracts whereas the lowest number was observed from head cabbage intercrops. Maximum yield and yield traits were recorded on tomato onion intercropping compared to the rests of intercrops while the botanical extract comparably maximized the yields with Karate. Therefore, tomato-onion intercropping and tobacco leaf extract were used as the best alternatives to karate, the synthetic insecticides in the management of tomato fruit borer. ","PeriodicalId":15254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biology and Life Science","volume":" 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141823003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histological study of the sex ratio and reproductive cycle of the mangrove oyster Crassostrea tulipa (Lamarck, 1819) in the Saloum Delta (Senegal)","authors":"I. Thiao, Jeanne Elisabeth Diouf, M. Diouf, Éric Tamigneaux, J. Fall, Abdou Karim Houménou, Pierre-Olivier Fontaine","doi":"10.5296/jbls.v15i2.22079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/jbls.v15i2.22079","url":null,"abstract":"The mangrove oyster Crassostrea tulipa has considerable socio-economic value in Senegal, as in many other West African countries. To better understand its biology, the objective of this study was to determine the sex ratio and the evolution of gonadal development stages of oyster populations in the Saloum Delta. To this end, a monthly sampling of 30 oysters between 34.19 mm and 96.68 mm height was carried out between January 2021 and January 2022. The part of the flesh that encloses the gonads was removed and fixed using Davidson's solution. After dehydration, paraffining and inclusion of the materials, 7 μm thick sections were made using a microtome. These sections were stained with Haris’s hematoxylin and eosin and the slides were observed under an optical microscope (Olympus BX41 microscope).The results showed a predominance of females over males, with a sex ratio of 1 in 2.85. The results also revealed that reproduction was continuous over the year and that spawning was asynchronous: Individuals at the spawning stage were more frequent in the warm season. These results will contribute to a better management of natural stocks and to improve oyster farming.","PeriodicalId":15254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biology and Life Science","volume":" 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141832045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Water Soaked Neem (Azadiarachta indica) Leaf Filtrate on Three Insect Pests on okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] Plants","authors":"Hordzi Wisdom Harrison Kofi","doi":"10.5296/jbls.v15i2.22061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/jbls.v15i2.22061","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the efficacy of neem leaf filtrate on three insect pests of okra in a garden at Winneba, Ghana. In this experiment the garden was demarcated into two equal halves where one half was used as the experimental area whereas the other half used as the control area. Filtrate of 500g of neem leaves soaked in 40 litres of pipe born water left for two weeks was used in spraying okra plants in the experimental area while five litres of ordinary water was used to spray the control area. Ten plants from each area were selected and labelled and the number of Aphis (Aphis gosspii), Thrips (Thrips spp.) and whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) which are common okra insect pests in the area monitored on these plants. Means calculated were compared using t-test and two-way analysis of variance at 0.05 probability. Whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) were the most abundant (48.53%) and the differences among the total numbers for the three insect pests were significant (P<0.05). There were significant differences among the means for the control and experimental groups (F =110.15, df =1, 36; P<0.05). The findings suggest that neem leaf filtrate was effective in reducing the population of the three insect pests on okra. Therefore, neem leaf filtrate may be useful alternative in controlling Aphis gosspii, Thrips spp. and whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) on okra.","PeriodicalId":15254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biology and Life Science","volume":"42 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141658317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Biology and Life Scienc, Vol. 15, No. 1","authors":"Kelvin Lee","doi":"10.5296/jbls.v15i1.21718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/jbls.v15i1.21718","url":null,"abstract":"Journal of Biology and Life Science (JBLS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JBLS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 15, Number 1Bratko Filipic, CIETO, SloveniaHomyra Tasnim, Louisiana State University, BangladeshHui Xiang, Allergan, Inc., USANatalia Tkachuk, T.H. Shevchenko National University “Chernihiv Colehium”, UkraineRagab A. El-Mergawi, National Research Centre, EgyptXusniddin Boymurodov, Samarkand Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Uzbekistan Kelvin LeeEditorial AssistantJournal of Biology and Life Science-------------------------------------------Macrothink Institute5348 Vegas Dr.#825Las Vegas, Nevada 89108United StatesTel: 1-702-953-1852 ext.510Fax: 1-702-420-2900E-mail 1: jbls@macrothink.orgE-mail 2: jbls@macrothink.comURL: http://jbls.macrothink.org","PeriodicalId":15254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biology and Life Science","volume":"82 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139959923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Proteinase and Phospholipases Enzymes Isolated from Pathogenic Candida species from Women Attending Antenatal Clinic at Mbeya Zonal Referral Hospital, Southern Highland Regions of Tanzania","authors":"Y. Chaula, JD Swilla, F. Lyatuu, L. A. Namkinga","doi":"10.5296/jbls.v15i1.21717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/jbls.v15i1.21717","url":null,"abstract":"Fungi are a global cause of vaginal infections, with vaginal candidiasis largely afflicting tropical regions including most parts of sub-Saharan Africa. In Tanzania, baseline studies have established the prevalence of Candida species among symptomatic and asymptomatic pregnant women in Dar es Salaam (Namkinga et al., 2005; Namkinga 2012) and in Mwanza (Mushi et al., 2019). However, no study that has been done to determine the above-mentioned enzymes form Candida species in Southern Highland Regions of Tanzania. Several factors have been reported to contribute to the virulence and pathogenicity of Candida, among others the production of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes, particularly phospholipase and proteinase. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the in vitro production of phospholipases and proteinases enzymes from isolated pathogenic Candida spp from pregnant women.Of the 280 samples collected from symptomatic and asymptomatic pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at Mbeya Zonal Referral Hospital were tested for several microbiological methods such as the wet mount microscopic preparations (hanging drop) and the Gram stained smears for microscopy,  cultures on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar and on Conidia enhancing medium (Corn meal agar), germ tube test, biochemical tests, sugar fermentation-assimilation tests and molecular test to characterize Candida species.Phospholipase production was performed in egg yolk medium while the production of proteinase was done in a medium containing bovine serum albumin. All analyses were performed in triplicates. The results showed that; out of the 280 tested, 155 (74.3%) isolates were phospholipase positive while 201 (96.6%) were positive for proteinase activity. C. albicans was the species with the highest number of positive isolates for proteinase and phospholipase 110 (95.6%), and most strains of C. albicans produce both enzymes (phospholipases and proteinases). The non-albicans Candida isolates were also producers of hydrolytic enzymes that, consequently, might be able to cause infections as favorable conditions arises.","PeriodicalId":15254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biology and Life Science","volume":"85 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139959648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Different Eggs Portions from Commercial Layers and Local Chickens Affected Differently, the Levels of Blood Lipids, and Abdominal and Liver Fat in Treated Wistar Rats","authors":"L. Mwangengwa, Frida Richard Mgonja","doi":"10.5296/jbls.v15i1.21184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/jbls.v15i1.21184","url":null,"abstract":"The presented study investigated whether egg portions from commercial layers and local chickens may have different effects on the levels of blood lipids and visceral fat in consumers using Wistar rats as an experimental model. Prepared egg portions included the whole egg (mixture of Egg white + yolk), Egg white and egg yolk. Then, 35 rats were randomized into seven groups (n = 5). Group 1 (control) received tap water. Groups 2, 3 and 4 received by gavaging 10mg/gBW of the commercial layer sourced whole egg, egg yolk and Egg white respectively. Groups 5, 6 and 7 consumed the same amount of similar egg portions from local chickens. Also, all groups were maintained on broiler mash and adlib water (without restriction). Treatment covered 28 days, then, rats were sacrificed after sedation in ether. Blood was collected to analyze blood lipids. The abdominal fat and Liver were dissected and weighed. Hepatic fat infiltration was assessed by histological examination.Rats eating the whole egg from either the commercial layer or local chickens had their abdominal fat and Liver’s weights increased significantly compared to the control. Also, rats eating the whole egg or only the egg yolk from either commercial layers or local chickens showed a significantly elevated serum TG, HDL-C and LDL-C compared to the control. Moreover, the effects caused by the commercial layer egg fractions exceeded significantly those caused by egg portions from local chickens. Moreover, the rats’ Liver histology indicated numerous fat-infiltrated, enlarged hepatocytes in rats that were orally gavaged by the whole egg or only the yolk from commercial layers. Also, regardless of the egg source, the egg white showed no significant effects on visceral fats and blood lipids of the treated rats.In conclusion, feeding the egg whites had no significant effect on the visceral fat and blood cholesterol of the treated rats. However, the whole egg or egg yolk from commercial layers exceeded significantly similar egg portions from local chickens in increasing the levels of viscera fat and blood cholesterols in the treated rats.","PeriodicalId":15254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biology and Life Science","volume":"5 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139600491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Sex Hormones and Race Disparities in Meningioma Incidence: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Anjana Bharathiraja","doi":"10.5296/jbls.v15i1.21286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/jbls.v15i1.21286","url":null,"abstract":"Meningiomas, a  slow-growing tumor originating from the meninges, affect a considerable proportion of individuals worldwide and account for approximately one-third of all brain tumors. But limited research has been conducted on meningiomas, particularly regarding the role of sex hormones and race disparities in tumor incidence and prognosis. The current review summarizes  the significance of sex hormones, age, and race in meningioma development and therapy. Women have a higher risk of developing meningiomas when compared to men suggesting the potential benefit of personalized treatment approaches based on sex hormone levels.Additionally, there are age-related disparities in meningioma risk, older persons have a higher risk of tumor development. Black Americans also have a higher incidence in meningiomas when compared to Americans of other races; contrary to the lower incidence rates observed in other African populations possibly due to differences in environmental and socio-economic factors. Further research is required to better understand the complex interplay between sex hormones, age, race, environmental and social factors in meningioma development.  Collaborative research is crucial to address the current knowledge gaps in meningioma management and develop personalized strategies to manage this prevalent brain tumor.","PeriodicalId":15254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biology and Life Science","volume":"120 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139390724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Epigenetic Regulation on the Pathogenesis and Inheritance of Rheumatoid Arthritis","authors":"Ahana Vora, Cindy Xin Wen Zhang","doi":"10.5296/jbls.v15i1.21440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/jbls.v15i1.21440","url":null,"abstract":"Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that causes joint and bone damage through inflammation. This chronic condition is often linked to genetic and environmental factors. With advancements in the field of epigenetics, increased speculation has arisen to understand the impact of DNA methylation, microRNAs, and histone modifications on the progression of RA. Studies have indicated that dysregulation in epigenetics significantly contributes to the pro-inflammatory landscape of RA. Furthermore, separate lines of evidence have shown that altered epigenetic patterns due to the disease can be inherited. This literature review aims to compile all available evidence regarding how epigenetic mechanisms contribute to the pathogenesis and inheritance of RA.","PeriodicalId":15254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biology and Life Science","volume":"29 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138946714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the Factors behind the Lack of Human Anatomy Knowledge in Traditional Chinese Medicine","authors":"Luwen Zhang","doi":"10.5296/jbls.v15i1.21476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/jbls.v15i1.21476","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is a holistic approach to healthcare that has been practiced for thousands of years. TCM offers effective treatments for a wide range of health conditions. However, in comparison to modern medicine, TCM places less emphasis on human anatomy in its diagnostic and treatment practices and has not developed a comprehensive system of human anatomy. By delving into the history, traditions, religion, and practice of TCM, the factors that have limited the development of human anatomy in TCM are identified.  Firstly, reverence for tradition and religion may have suppressed motivation for advancement in this area.  Secondly, the subjective nature of diagnosis and evaluating treatment outcomes in TCM reduces the necessity of studying human anatomy. Thirdly, the traditional education system in China had hindered the integration of human anatomy into TCM. Finally, cultural perspectives that prioritize the body as an integrated whole have also influenced the development of TCM. The findings of this study offer valuable insights into the unique perspectives and values associated with TCM. Bridging the gap between ancient wisdom and modern science will allow TCM to evolve while retaining its core principles. The integration of human anatomy into TCM will rejuvenate the whole research field by providing new insights into the mechanisms of TCM and maximize its potential in treating a wider range of diseases. TCM has made tremendous contributions to human health in the past and will continue to do so in the present and future.","PeriodicalId":15254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biology and Life Science","volume":"133 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139262419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Methanol Extract of Albizia lebbeck Leaves on the Body Weight, Hematological Parameters and Histological Structures of Digestive Organs in Rats (Rattus norvegicus)","authors":"Gwakisa Aroni, Remmy Assey, Lusekelo Mwangengwa","doi":"10.5296/jbls.v15i1.21453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/jbls.v15i1.21453","url":null,"abstract":"Due to its use in traditional medication and its leaves and pods being considered as potential fodder for livestock the toxicity of Albizia lebbeck needs to be thoroughly explored. The study evaluated the effects of 70% methanol extract of Albizia lebbeck leaves on body weight, hematological parameters and histopathology of digestive organs in Wistar rats. Twenty-one healthy adult female rats were experimented with and divided into two groups of six and fifteen animals. Six rats were randomly subdivided into two groups of three rats each for plant extract LD50 determination at 2000 mg/kg and 5000 mg/kg dosages, respectively. Fifteen rats were randomly sub-allotted into three groups of five animals. Group I the control received distilled water by gavaging. Groups II and III received 100mg/kg and 400mg/kg of the extract, respectively—treatment covered 30 days. On day 31, the body weight of each rat was recorded before being sacrificed under chloroform. Blood was collected for hematological analysis. The liver and stomach were trimmed and processed for histopathology. The results revealed the LD50 of the extract to begreater than 5000 mg/kg. Extract treatment had no significant effects on the rat’s body weight. A significant (P<0.05) increase in WBC, Eosinophils, RBC, and Hematocrit was revealed at 100 mg/kg of extract treatment. A dosage of 400 mg/kg of the extract caused a significant increase in Eosinophils and Lymphocytes. However, the plant extract caused a significant (P<0.05) decrease in Mean Platelet Volume and Platelet Distribution Width at both doses, Monocytes and Neutrophils at 400 mg/kg and Mean Corpuscular Volume and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin at 100 mg/kg compared with the control. Both doses of the extract treatments caused lesions in the liver characterized by, necrosis, sinusoidal dilatation and inflammatory cell infiltration with no significant lesions in the stomach. In conclusion, the extract of Albizia lebbeck leaves caused a significant decrease in some hematological parameters and some lesions in the liver at 100 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg.","PeriodicalId":15254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biology and Life Science","volume":"33 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135036655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}