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Foreign Direct Investments in the Russian Federation in 2017 2017年俄罗斯联邦外商直接投资情况
Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal Pub Date : 2018-06-27 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3203301
Y. Zaitsev
{"title":"Foreign Direct Investments in the Russian Federation in 2017","authors":"Y. Zaitsev","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3203301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3203301","url":null,"abstract":"An increase in the incoming foreign direct investments (FDI) in the Russian Federation in 2016 and the first three quarters of 2017 gave way to a decrease in the capital inflow in Q4 2017. This reflects change for the worse in foreign investors’ sentiments due to negative expectations of new sanctions to be introduced by the US, as well as a drop in demand on Russian state bonds.","PeriodicalId":152062,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132862990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Devil is in the Details: Growth, Polarization, and Poverty Reduction in Africa in the Past Two Decades 细节决定成败:过去二十年非洲的增长、两极分化和减贫
Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal Pub Date : 2018-06-25 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8494
F. Clementi, Michele Fabiani, Vasco Molini
{"title":"The Devil is in the Details: Growth, Polarization, and Poverty Reduction in Africa in the Past Two Decades","authors":"F. Clementi, Michele Fabiani, Vasco Molini","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-8494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-8494","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the distributional changes that limited pro-poor growth in the past two decades in Sub-Saharan Africa; these changes went undetected by standard inequality measures. By developing a new decomposition technique based on a nonparametric method -- the relative distribution -- the paper finds a clear distributional pattern affecting almost all the analyzed countries. Nineteen of 24 countries experienced a significant increase in polarization, particularly in the lower tail of the distribution, and this distributional change lowered the pro-poor impact of growth substantially. Without this change, poverty could have decreased an additional 5-6 percentage points during the past decade.","PeriodicalId":152062,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal","volume":"06 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127283833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Measuring Unfair Inequality: Reconciling Equality of Opportunity and Freedom from Poverty 衡量不公平的不平等:协调机会平等和摆脱贫困
Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.5282/UBM/EPUB.71660
P. Hufe, R. Kanbur, A. Peichl
{"title":"Measuring Unfair Inequality: Reconciling Equality of Opportunity and Freedom from Poverty","authors":"P. Hufe, R. Kanbur, A. Peichl","doi":"10.5282/UBM/EPUB.71660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5282/UBM/EPUB.71660","url":null,"abstract":"Rising income inequalities are widely debated in public and academic discourse. In this paper, we contribute to this debate by proposing a new family of measures of unfair inequality. To do so, we acknowledge that inequality is not bad per se, but that its underlying sources need to be taken into account. Thereby, this paper is the first to reconcile two prominent fairness principles, namely equality of opportunity and freedom from poverty, into a joint measure of unfair inequality. Two empirical applications provide important new insights on the development of unfair inequality both over time (in the US) and across countries (in Europe). First, unfair inequality shows different time trends and country rankings compared to total inequality. Second, average unfair inequality doubles when complementing the ideal of an equal opportunity society with poverty aversion. Furthermore, we show that an exclusive focus on top incomes may misguide fairness judgments.","PeriodicalId":152062,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132279343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 21
Issues of Poverty in Kazakhstan 哈萨克斯坦的贫困问题
Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal Pub Date : 2018-05-11 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3177260
Balgyn Kaliiaskarova
{"title":"Issues of Poverty in Kazakhstan","authors":"Balgyn Kaliiaskarova","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3177260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3177260","url":null,"abstract":"One of the problems that developing nations face today is the issues connected with poverty. Kazakhstan is a developing country that has high aspirations to be among competitive countries. However, the current socio-economic situation needs improvements. Poverty in Kazakhstan is reported as a minor issue, but what citizens say and what statistics declare seem to diverge. This paper reviews critically the current situation on poverty in Kazakhstan. Some implications are proposed to improve the situation.","PeriodicalId":152062,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115281452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Household Expenditure and Poverty Measures in 60 Minutes: A New Approach with Results from Mogadishu 60分钟内的家庭支出和贫困措施:从摩加迪沙取得成果的新方法
Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal Pub Date : 2018-05-03 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8430
U. Pape, J. Mistiaen
{"title":"Household Expenditure and Poverty Measures in 60 Minutes: A New Approach with Results from Mogadishu","authors":"U. Pape, J. Mistiaen","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-8430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-8430","url":null,"abstract":"In fragile states and areas beset by insecurity and conflict, the time available for a face-to-face interview is typically limited. That prevents administering the lengthy household consumption expenditure surveys used for measuring poverty. This paper presents a new approach to obtain unbiased estimates of poverty when the time to conduct interviews is a binding constraint. The finite list of consumption recall items is partitioned selectively into a core module and algorithmically into nonoverlapping optional modules. Each household is systematically assigned the core module and randomly assigned one of the optional modules. Multiple imputation techniques are then used to estimate total household consumption. Based on ex post simulations, the approach is demonstrated to yield reliable estimates of per capita consumption and poverty using data from a regular household budget survey collected in Hargeisa, Somaliland. The approach is then applied to a survey conducted in Mogadishu where interview time could not exceed 60 minutes.","PeriodicalId":152062,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal","volume":"170 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116124505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 23
Transplanting Corporate Culture Across International Borders: Foreign Direct Investment and Female Employment in Japan 跨国企业文化的移植:日本的外商直接投资与女性就业
Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal Pub Date : 2018-05-01 DOI: 10.1111/twec.12612
Naomi Kodama, B. Javorcik, Yukiko Abe
{"title":"Transplanting Corporate Culture Across International Borders: Foreign Direct Investment and Female Employment in Japan","authors":"Naomi Kodama, B. Javorcik, Yukiko Abe","doi":"10.1111/twec.12612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.12612","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the effect of foreign ownership on gender†related employment outcomes and work practices in Japan. The data indicate that the proportion of females among workers, managers, directors and board members is higher in foreign affiliates than in domestic firms of comparable size operating in the same industry. Foreign affiliates are also more likely to offer flexible working arrangements, telecommuting and childcare subsidies as well as employ foreign workers. These effects are visible almost exclusively in older affiliates. The analysis of foreign acquisitions combining propensity score matching with a difference in differences suggests that increase in the female labour share takes place a few years after the ownership change. All these patterns are in line with the view that it takes time to transplant corporate culture to an overseas affiliate.","PeriodicalId":152062,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128512333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 40
Economic Resources, Financial Aid and Remittances 经济资源、财政援助和汇款
Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal Pub Date : 2018-05-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3193306
Simon Pierre Boulanger Martel, Lisa Pelling, Eskil Wadensjo
{"title":"Economic Resources, Financial Aid and Remittances","authors":"Simon Pierre Boulanger Martel, Lisa Pelling, Eskil Wadensjo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3193306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3193306","url":null,"abstract":"According to the World Bank, in 2017, an estimated 450 billion US dollars in remittances were sent to Low and Middle Income Countries. This means that the sum of remittances is more than three times larger than the sum of the world's total official aid to the same countries. The practice of sending remittances can be seen as one specific thing that migrants do as part of sustaining ties with their countries of origin. Remittances can be personal gifts, but are often sent in order to support family members and friends in their country of origin living under more difficult economic conditions. Remittances may also be a form of investment or repayments of loans. In this study we use data from the latest Swedish level of living survey LNU-UFB to study the factors influencing the propensity to remit. Using probit estimations, we find that the economic situation of the migrant, demographic variables and the migrants' ties to the home country are important. The propensity to remit also varies by country of origin. With an increasing number of migrants, the propensity to remit will have growing policy implications. It will have implications for Sweden as a donor country, raising issues of complementarity between remittances and official development aid. Migrants' propensity to remit will also be increasingly relevant for Sweden's integration policies, as the motives to remit might shape immigrants' decisions and priorities while settling in Sweden.","PeriodicalId":152062,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123045861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Global Macrofinancial Model 全球宏观金融模型
Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal Pub Date : 2018-04-01 DOI: 10.5089/9781484350706.001
F. Vitek
{"title":"The Global Macrofinancial Model","authors":"F. Vitek","doi":"10.5089/9781484350706.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781484350706.001","url":null,"abstract":"This paper documents the theoretical structure and empirical properties of the latest version of the Global Macrofinancial Model (GFM). This dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model of the world economy, disaggregated into forty national economies, was developed to support multilaterally consistent macrofinancial policy, risk and spillover analysis. It features a range of nominal and real rigidities, extensive macrofinancial linkages, and diverse spillover transmission channels. These macrofinancial linkages encompass bank and capital market based financial intermediation, with financial accelerator mechanisms linked to the values of the housing and physical capital stocks. A variety of monetary policy analysis, fiscal policy analysis, macroprudential policy analysis, spillover analysis, and forecasting applications of the GFM are demonstrated. These include quantifying the monetary, fiscal and macroprudential policy transmission mechanisms, accounting for business cycle fluctuations, and generating relatively accurate forecasts of inflation and output growth.","PeriodicalId":152062,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117187111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
The Effect of the Sectoral Composition of Economic Growth on Rural and Urban Poverty 经济增长的行业构成对城乡贫困的影响
Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal Pub Date : 2018-04-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3305033
Rui Benfica, H. Henderson
{"title":"The Effect of the Sectoral Composition of Economic Growth on Rural and Urban Poverty","authors":"Rui Benfica, H. Henderson","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3305033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3305033","url":null,"abstract":"We examine the relationship between the sectoral composition of economic growth and the rural-urban composition of poverty. To this end, we use a new cross-country panel dataset consisting of 146 rural and urban poverty spells for 71 low- and middle-income countries. We find that rural (urban) poverty is highly responsive to agricultural (non-agricultural) productivity growth. The effect of agricultural productivity growth on rural poverty is particularly strong for countries with little dependence on natural resources. We also find that growth in the share of employment in the non-agricultural sector (i.e., structural transformation) reduces rural poverty, most notably for countries with a low initial level of development. These findings are robust to changes in key assumptions, including using alternative poverty lines. Finally, we use our estimates to examine the historical contribution of different sources of economic growth to rural and urban poverty reduction. Acknowledgement : We acknowledge the International Fund for Agricultural Development for supporting this research.","PeriodicalId":152062,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121407300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Comparative Study of the Microcredit operations of the Mann Deshi Mahila Sahkari Bank and the Bandhan Bank mandeshi Mahila Sahkari银行和Bandhan银行小额信贷业务的比较研究
Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal Pub Date : 2018-03-24 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3811223
H. Khare, Ajit Kumar, Dr Ashish Srivastava
{"title":"Comparative Study of the Microcredit operations of the Mann Deshi Mahila Sahkari Bank and the Bandhan Bank","authors":"H. Khare, Ajit Kumar, Dr Ashish Srivastava","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3811223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3811223","url":null,"abstract":"Empowering people by providing access to affordable banking services is the basic objective of financial inclusion. Microcredit plays a significant role in the process. The focus of this study was to understand the importance of the scale and delivery models on the cost of microcredit and to examine the interest rates charged from the point of view of financial viability. The study finds that notwithstanding the cost of funds which was the largest component of the overall cost of microcredit, what really mattered was to have a lower per borrower operating cost and a higher ratio of high-yield assets to the total assets. The study demonstrates that microcredit is a viable, sustainable, and profitable business not only from the social point of view but also from a commercial angle and it is possible to provide affordable lending under the microcredit model. To be able to do that, it is important for banks operating in this area to be nimble in the use of resources and with a certain scale of operations and financial acumen, it is possible to successfully run a microcredit business. This study provides useful insights about the microcredit operations and identifies certain benchmarks which could be used for developing suitable business strategies in this area.","PeriodicalId":152062,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122357578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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