Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal最新文献

A Social-Psychological Reconstruction of Amartya Sen’s Measures of Inequality and Social Welfare 阿马蒂亚·森不平等与社会福利测度的社会心理学重构

Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal Pub Date : 2021-09-06 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3924088

O. Stark, Wiktor Budziński

{"title":"A Social-Psychological Reconstruction of Amartya Sen’s Measures of Inequality and Social Welfare","authors":"O. Stark, Wiktor Budziński","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3924088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3924088","url":null,"abstract":"The Gini coefficient features prominently in Amartya Sen’s 1973 and 1997 seminal work on income inequality and social welfare. We construct the Gini coefficient from social-psychological building blocks, reformulating it as a ratio between a measure of social stress and aggregate income. We determine when as a consequence of an income gain by an individual, an increase in the social stress measure dominates a concurrent increase in the aggregate income, such that the magnitude of the Gini coefficient increases. By integrating our approach to the construction of the Gini coefficient with Sen’s social welfare function, we are able to endow the function with a social-psychological underpinning, showing that this function, too, is a composite of a measure of social stress and aggregate income. We reveal a dual role played by aggregate income as a booster of social welfare in Sen’s social welfare function. Quite surprisingly, we find that a marginal increase of income for any individual, regardless of the position of the individual in the hierarchy of incomes, improves welfare as measured by Sen’s social welfare function.","PeriodicalId":152062,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128683961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On the Benefits of Repaying 论还款的好处

Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3922715

Francesca Caselli, Matilde Faralli, P. Manasse, U. Panizza

{"title":"On the Benefits of Repaying","authors":"Francesca Caselli, Matilde Faralli, P. Manasse, U. Panizza","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3922715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3922715","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies whether countries benefit from servicing their debts during times of widespread sovereign defaults. Colombia is typically regarded as the only large Latin American country that did not default in the 1980s. Using archival research and formal econometric estimates of Colombia's probability of default, we show that in the early 1980s Colombia's fundamentals were not significantly different from those of the Latin American countries that defaulted on their debts. We also document that the different path chosen by Colombia was due to the authorities' belief that maintaining a good reputation in the international capital market would have substantial long-term payoffs. We show that the case of Colombia is more complex than what it is commonly assumed. Although Colombia had to re-profile its debts, high-level political support from the US allowed Colombia do to so outside the standard framework of an IMF program. Our counterfactual analysis shows that in the short to medium run, Colombia benefited from avoiding an explicit default. Specifically, we find that GDP growth in the 1980s was higher than that of a counterfactual in which Colombia behaved like its neighboring countries. We also test whether Colombia's behavior in the 1980s led to long-term reputational benefits. Using an event study based on a large sudden stop, we find no evidence for such long-lasting reputational gains.","PeriodicalId":152062,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129952180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

In Sri Lanka Economic and Poverty Impact of COVID-19 2019冠状病毒病对斯里兰卡经济和贫困的影响

Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal Pub Date : 2021-08-29 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3913480

Y. Nisansala

{"title":"In Sri Lanka Economic and Poverty Impact of COVID-19","authors":"Y. Nisansala","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3913480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3913480","url":null,"abstract":"The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has upended the lives of children and their families as health systems buckle, borders close, and schools and businesses shutter. Also, this is a new virus was unknown before the outbreak in Wuhan, China in December 2019 (WHO, 2019) Furthermore, The Special Focus section of this edition discusses the impact of COVID-19 on poverty. The economic contraction in the wake of COVID-19 has reversed past progress, at least temporarily. Poverty is expected to have risen since the onset of the pandemic mostly due to widespread job and earning losses. The study also observes the in Sri Lanka Economic and Poverty Impact during the pandemic period. The Special Focus section of this edition discusses the impact of COVID-19 on poverty. The economic contraction in the wake of COVID-19 has reversed past progress, at least temporarily. Poverty is expected to have risen since the onset of the pandemic mostly due to widespread job and earning losses. Simulations suggest that job losses were more likely to occur in urban areas and among private sector and own-account workers. Job losses were concentrated in the lower-middle of the income distribution: workers most vulnerable to job loss are located between the 2percentiles percentiles of the pre-pandemic earnings distribution. Temporary absence from work and job losses occurred less frequently than declines in earnings. While informal workers are more likely to suffer earnings losses, formal workers have been affected as well, for example in the export-oriented apparel industry.","PeriodicalId":152062,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128260527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Subtle Art of Hosting a Postponed Olympics 推迟举办奥运会的微妙艺术

Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal Pub Date : 2021-08-23 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3909587

M. Mukhopadhyay

引用次数: 0

Key differences between methods of measuring foreign direct investor involvement in service industries – case study of Poland 衡量外国直接投资者参与服务业的方法之间的主要差异——以波兰为例

Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal Pub Date : 2021-07-27 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3894314

Andżelika Kuźnar

{"title":"Key differences between methods of measuring foreign direct investor involvement in service industries – case study of Poland","authors":"Andżelika Kuźnar","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3894314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3894314","url":null,"abstract":"Polish enterprises (or registered in Poland) are increasingly investing abroad, as shown by the data of the National Bank of Poland. Their investments have increased significantly since Poland’s accession to the European Union in 2004. This indicates the attractiveness of foreign markets (mainly European) for Polish companies, as well as their ability to take advantage of the opportunities offered by the freedom of capital movement in the EU. Due to the growing role of services in the economy, I investigate what part of these investments goes to services. The answer to this question seems simple, due to the availability of data on FDI, published by the central bank, but the specifics of service provision make the analysis of this phenomenon much more complex. The aim of this paper is to indicate different methods of measuring the involvement of direct investors in service industries abroad, on the example of Poland. The added value of the paper is the comparison of all these methods, as many papers use diverse sources, not always indicating the differences between them. The lack of a uniform method makes the studies de facto incomparable, although internally consistent. The involvement of Polish direct investors abroad can be analyzed either basing on the balance of payments data or on the Foreign Affiliates Trade in Services Statistics (FATS) system specially designed for the examining of trade in services. In 2019 the WTO has released one more collection useful for research on trade in services by mode of supply, namely the TISMOS (Trade in Services data by Mode of Supply) dataset. This database uses estimates, in addition to trade data from countries’ balance of payments and FATS, where data are not available. However, these are not comparable data sets because of the important methodological differences underlying their production. I outlined the key differences between the ways of collecting information on direct investment abroad in the paper and presented data for Poland","PeriodicalId":152062,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115964613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Sectoral Investments Impact On Foreign Direct Investment In India 部门投资对印度外国直接投资的影响

Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal Pub Date : 2021-07-08 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3882614

Dr. R S Ch Murthy Chodisetty

{"title":"The Sectoral Investments Impact On Foreign Direct Investment In India","authors":"Dr. R S Ch Murthy Chodisetty","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3882614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3882614","url":null,"abstract":"The study covers several aspects of FDI in the country, ranging from FDI patterns and FDI drivers to FDI relations, growth and exports, taking into account several factors such as the formation of raw equities, macroeconomic stability, institutional capital and human capital. In recent years, the FDI has increased so greatly that it has surpassed all other metrics of economic transactions. Countries are bidding for the highest levels of FDI, as they are the cheapest foreign funding. The FDI rate has increased to the developed countries in the last two decades, compared to the previous trend. There may have been a surprising rise of Asia as big FDI recipients. In the 2014 industry review, the highest FDI for the service sector was found. In the fields of training, accounting, infrastructure and telecoms, most of the FDI inflows are generated. The self-employed industries authorize government investments in chemical, metallurgical, automobile, Pharmaceutical and tourism sectors. The main recipient is FDI, but FDI flows are subject to policy constraints. Despite the lack of restrictions on FDI inflows in metallurgical, chemical, automotive, pharmaceutical and tourism industries, FDI growth in those sectors was much lower than in the FDI markets for utilities and telecoms.The study focuses on Foreign Direct investment (FDI) flows impact on select sectoral growth in India.","PeriodicalId":152062,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134036825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Would Mexican Migrants be Willing to Guarantee Americans a Basic Income? 墨西哥移民愿意保证美国人的基本收入吗?

Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal Pub Date : 2021-06-22 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3872728

Michael Lokshin, M. Ravallion

引用次数: 0

Where Do Formal and Local Land Institutions Matter More in Malawi? 在马拉维，正规和地方土地制度在哪里更重要?

Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal Pub Date : 2021-06-20 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3870714

T. Nakanwagi

引用次数: 0

Foreign Direct Investment, Governance and Inclusive Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa 撒哈拉以南非洲地区的外国直接投资、治理和包容性增长

Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal Pub Date : 2021-06-06 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3861251

I. K. Ofori, S. Asongu

{"title":"Foreign Direct Investment, Governance and Inclusive Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"I. K. Ofori, S. Asongu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3861251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3861251","url":null,"abstract":"Motivated by the projected rebound of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow to sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) following the implementation of the AfCFTA and the finalization of the Africa Investment Protocol, we examine how FDI modulates the effects of various governance dynamics on inclusive growth in SSA. We do this by testing two hypotheses– first, whether unconditionally FDI and various governance indicators (rule of law, control of corruption, regulatory quality, governance effectiveness, political stability, and voice and accountability) foster inclusive growth in SSA; and second, whether these governance dynamics engender positive synergy with FDI on inclusive growth in SSA. Using data from the World Bank’s World Governance Indicators and the World Development Indicators for the period 1990–2020, we employ several fixed effects, random effects, and the system GMM estimators for the analysis. First, we find that FDI and all our governance dynamics are significant inclusive growth enhancers in SSA. Second, though FDI amplifies the effects of all our governance dynamics on inclusive growth in SSA, governance effectiveness, voice and accountability, and political stability are keys. Policy recommendations are provided.","PeriodicalId":152062,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131554313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

Foreign Aid Movements in Nepal 尼泊尔的外援运动

Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal Pub Date : 2021-04-08 DOI: 10.47992/IJMTS.2581.6012.0135

Anjay Kumar Mishra, P. Aithal

{"title":"Foreign Aid Movements in Nepal","authors":"Anjay Kumar Mishra, P. Aithal","doi":"10.47992/IJMTS.2581.6012.0135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47992/IJMTS.2581.6012.0135","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Development needs fund and foreign aid is one of the majour source of fund for developing countries. The Paper aims to analyse the trends and composition of foreign aids with case reference to the Swiss aid. \u0000Design/Methodology/Approach: The study is based on secondary data from 2001/02 to 2014/15.Descriptive statistics has been applied to develop the trends and compositions. \u0000Findings/Result: In FY 2014/15, the total foreign aid commitment increased by totaling to Rs.1195.5 million as compared to Rs.2125.9 million in FY 2014/15. Of the total commitment in FY 2014/15 the contribution of bilateral aid was totaling and multilateral aid contributed. While categorizing the total foreign aid the share of grant assistance constituted and loan assistance million. In FY 2014/15 the foreign grant assistant subsequently increased by whereas foreign loan assistance decreased. The bilateral aid disbursement was out of total bilateral aid commitment. Multilateral aid disbursement was 56 percent. The amount of loan is increasing in the economy. This condition also indicates that in future debt burden in budgetary system is directly reducing the development expenditure which decreases the flow of budget in poverty reduction sectors. In amount Swiss aid is much less but is efficiency is widespread in increasing people's living standard. Due to 100% grant Swiss aid doesn't create fiscal burden in the economy. \u0000Originality/Value: it is an empirical research to signify the urgency of increasing Swiss aid and Swiss project in Nepal for sustained and broad-based economic development.\u0000Paper Type: Analytical Policy Research","PeriodicalId":152062,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115246469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21