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Essai des indices FGT d’incidence, de profondeur et de sévérité de l’informalité en RDC (Test of Indices FGT of Incidence, Depth and Severity of the Informality in DRC) 刚果民主共和国非正式性发生率、深度和严重程度的FGT指数检验(刚果民主共和国非正式性发生率、深度和严重程度的FGT指数检验)
Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal Pub Date : 2016-10-25 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2859219
I. Akhenaton
{"title":"Essai des indices FGT d’incidence, de profondeur et de sévérité de l’informalité en RDC (Test of Indices FGT of Incidence, Depth and Severity of the Informality in DRC)","authors":"I. Akhenaton","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2859219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2859219","url":null,"abstract":"French Abstract: Ayant pour objectif de saisir, en termes chiffres, la profondeur et la perte de ressources fiscales qu’occasionne le secteur informel, ce papier part d’une definition empirique du secteur informel basee sur le critere d’enregistrement au registre de commerce. De la, nous avions developpe l’approche de l’informalite par imposition a partir de laquelle les indices d’incidence, de profondeur et de severite de l’informalite ont ete developpes a l’instar des indices FGT de la pauvrete. Les resultats des indices ci-haut developpes pourvoient que 68.31% des UPI urbaines ne paient pas d’impot, soit 2.300.000 UPI urbaines, et le manque a gagner est enorme estime a 12% de recettes fiscales perdues chaque annee suite au poids du secteur informel urbain.English Abstract: On the basis of the objective to seize, in quantified terms, the depth and the loss of tax resources that causes the informal sector, this paper starts from an empirical definition of the informal sector based on the criterion of recording to the register of trade. From there, we had developed the approach of informality per imposition from which the indices of incidence, depth and severity of the informality were developed starting from indices FGT of poverty. The results of indices here high developed provide that 68.31% of the urban informal enterprises do not pay a tax, that is to say 2,300,000 urban informal enterprises, and the loss of earnings enormous is estimated at 12% of lost revenues from taxes each year following the weight of the urban informal sector.","PeriodicalId":152062,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131078052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
World FDI, an ‘Unequal Partners’ and ‘Concentric Circles’ Design Part VII Other Actors that Play the Same. Studying Asia. Its Regions and Countries 世界外国直接投资，一个“不平等伙伴”和“同心圆”的设计。第七部分:扮演同样角色的其他行动者。亚洲研究。地区和国家
Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal Pub Date : 2016-10-07 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2849606
D. Andrei, L. Andrei
{"title":"World FDI, an ‘Unequal Partners’ and ‘Concentric Circles’ Design Part VII Other Actors that Play the Same. Studying Asia. Its Regions and Countries","authors":"D. Andrei, L. Andrei","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2849606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2849606","url":null,"abstract":"This article continues the previously promised series to focus on FDI & DIA, as unitary fluid substance world owned, and so flows and stocks and country actors carrying these, but respective amounts unevenly distribute on these country actors. It was already found that Western Europe does feed the whole continental block that is Eurasia and this territory is found as a kind of autonomous international capital market place. In this article Asia (except near East) comes to be FDI&DIA described by its regions and countries, after having been viewed by total and its countries in the previous article (Andrei & Andrei 2016f).","PeriodicalId":152062,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124862067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
What Do We Know About the Global Financial Safety Net? Rationale, Data and Possible Evolution 我们对全球金融安全网了解多少?理论基础、数据和可能的演变
Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal Pub Date : 2016-09-15 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2843608
Beatrice Scheubel, Livio Stracca
{"title":"What Do We Know About the Global Financial Safety Net? Rationale, Data and Possible Evolution","authors":"Beatrice Scheubel, Livio Stracca","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2843608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2843608","url":null,"abstract":"This paper critically reviews the theoretical basis for the provision of the global financial safety net (GFSN) and provides a comprehensive database covering four elements of the GFSN (foreign exchange reserves, IMF financing, central bank swap lines and regional financing arrangements) for over 150 countries in the sample period 1960-2015. This paper also presents some key stylised facts regarding the provision of GFSN financing and compares macroeconomic outcomes in capital flow reversal episodes depending on how much GFSN financing was available to countries. Finally, this paper concludes with some avenues for further research on the possible evolution of the GFSN. JEL Classification: F32, F33, F34, G01, H87","PeriodicalId":152062,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128064821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 32
Updating Poverty Estimates in the Absence of Regular and Comparable Consumption Data: Methods and Illustration with Reference to a Middle-Income Country 在缺乏定期和可比消费数据的情况下更新贫困估计:参考中等收入国家的方法和说明
Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal Pub Date : 2016-09-15 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2624531
Hai-Anh H. Dang, P. Lanjouw, U. Serajuddin
{"title":"Updating Poverty Estimates in the Absence of Regular and Comparable Consumption Data: Methods and Illustration with Reference to a Middle-Income Country","authors":"Hai-Anh H. Dang, P. Lanjouw, U. Serajuddin","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2624531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2624531","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring poverty trends on a timely and consistent basis is a priority for policymakers. These objectives are difficult to achieve in practice when household consumption (income) data are neither frequently collected, nor collected using consistent criteria. This paper develops and applies a simple framework for survey-to-survey poverty imputation in an attempt to overcome these obstacles. The framework introduced here imposes few restrictive assumptions, works with simple variance formulas, provides general guidance on the selection of control variables for model building, and can be applied to imputation involving surveys with either the same, or differing, sampling designs. Results from combining Jordan’s Household Expenditure and Income Survey (HEIS) with its Unemployment and Employment Survey (LFS) are quite encouraging, with imputation-based poverty estimates closely tracking direct estimates of poverty.","PeriodicalId":152062,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132091584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
Quality of Match for Statistical Matches Used in the Development of the Levy Institute Measure of Time and Consumption Poverty (LIMTCP) for Ghana and Tanzania 用于加纳和坦桑尼亚利维研究所时间和消费贫困测量(LIMTCP)开发的统计匹配的匹配质量
Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal Pub Date : 2016-09-13 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2838475
F. Ríos‐Avila
{"title":"Quality of Match for Statistical Matches Used in the Development of the Levy Institute Measure of Time and Consumption Poverty (LIMTCP) for Ghana and Tanzania","authors":"F. Ríos‐Avila","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2838475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2838475","url":null,"abstract":"This document presents a description of the quality of match of the statistical matches used in the LIMTCP estimates prepared for Ghana and Tanzania. For Ghana, the statistical match combines the Living Standards Survey Round 6 (GLSS6) with the Ghana Time Use Survey (GTUS) 2009, and for Tanzania it combines the Household Budget Survey (THBS) 2012 with the time-use data obtained from the Integrated Labor Survey Module (ILFS) 2006. In both cases, the alignment of the two datasets is examined, after which various aspects of the match quality are described. Despite the differences in the survey years, the quality of match is high and the synthetic dataset appropriate for the time poverty analysis.","PeriodicalId":152062,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal","volume":"172 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116328185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
A Varying Coefficient Model for Assessing the Returns to Growth To Account for Poverty and Inequality 考虑贫困和不平等的增长回报评估变系数模型
Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal Pub Date : 2016-08-30 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3347758
Max Köhler, S. Sperlich, Jisu Yoon
{"title":"A Varying Coefficient Model for Assessing the Returns to Growth To Account for Poverty and Inequality","authors":"Max Köhler, S. Sperlich, Jisu Yoon","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3347758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3347758","url":null,"abstract":"Various papers demonstrate the importance of inequality, poverty and the size of the middle class for economic growth. When explaining why these measures of the income distribution are added to the growth regression, it is often mentioned that poor people behave different which may translate to the economy as a whole. However, simply adding explanatory variables does not reflect this behavior. By a varying coefficient model we show that the returns to growth differ a lot depending on poverty and inequality. Furthermore, we investigate how these returns differ for the poorer and for the richer part of the societies. We argue that the differences in the coefficients impede, on the one hand, that the means coefficients are informative, and, on the other hand, challenge the credibility of the economic interpretation. In short, we show that, when estimating mean coefficients without accounting for poverty and inequality, the estimation is likely to suffer from a serious endogeneity bias.","PeriodicalId":152062,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115591651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Don't Cry for Argentina (or Other Sovereign Borrowers): Lessons from a Previous Era of Sovereign Debt Contract Enforcement 不要为阿根廷(或其他主权借款人)哭泣:从主权债务合同执行的上一个时代的教训
Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal Pub Date : 2016-07-03 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2804293
B. Chabot, V. Santarosa
{"title":"Don't Cry for Argentina (or Other Sovereign Borrowers): Lessons from a Previous Era of Sovereign Debt Contract Enforcement","authors":"B. Chabot, V. Santarosa","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2804293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2804293","url":null,"abstract":"Recent court rulings effectively barred Argentina from international capital markets until she honored previous sovereign debt contracts. These rulings have been criticized by some in the legal community for possibly harming New York’s standing as a preeminent capital market and hindering developing countries’ ability to borrow. This article asks whether such criticism is warranted and notes that a similar enforcement mechanism was employed by the London Stock Exchange before World War I to deny sovereign borrowers in breach of their contracts access to international capital markets.The pre-World War I era provides us with clues into how the sovereign debt market could evolve in the wake of the Argentina rulings. In contrast to the dire warnings, capital markets have historically worked well when sovereign borrowers face sanctions. The existence of sanctions gave sovereign borrowers the means to credibly signal their intent to repay. By including contract clauses that made default costly, historical sovereign borrowers of less than pristine reputation were able to signal their good intentions and enjoy the benefits of cheap access to world capital markets.","PeriodicalId":152062,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121027549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
‘When Poverty Comes in at the Door, Love Flies Out the Window’ The Influence of Eurozone Reforms Upon The Social Dimension of the EU – And Vice Versa? 欧元区改革对欧盟社会维度的影响——反之亦然?
Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal Pub Date : 2016-07-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2849599
Ulla B. Neergaard
{"title":"‘When Poverty Comes in at the Door, Love Flies Out the Window’ The Influence of Eurozone Reforms Upon The Social Dimension of the EU – And Vice Versa?","authors":"Ulla B. Neergaard","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2849599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2849599","url":null,"abstract":"The economic crisis has brought the intriguing question of its effects on Social Europe sharply into focus. Th is contribution therefore goes to the heart of the puzzles and explores the mutual influence of Eurozone reforms and broader Union social policies with an additional focus on pointing out the most pertinent challenges in that regard. Thus, the analysis anchors around the following issues: the social dimension of the EU and the Eurozone respectively; comparison; mutual influence; and challenges. A recurring theme is thus the tension between the overall construction of the EU and the internal construction of the Eurozone, which is growing, but not really focused on. It is, inter alia, concluded that the Eurozone reforms bring Social Europe in a new – also viewed by many as a dangerous, illegitimate and undemocratic – direction detached from the prevailing intentions in the EU as such.","PeriodicalId":152062,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal","volume":"199 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127438944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The End of Cheap Labour: Are Foreign Investors Leaving China? 廉价劳动力的终结:外国投资者正在离开中国吗?
Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal Pub Date : 2016-07-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2815476
Julian Donaubauer, Christian Dreger
{"title":"The End of Cheap Labour: Are Foreign Investors Leaving China?","authors":"Julian Donaubauer, Christian Dreger","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2815476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2815476","url":null,"abstract":"China's government is promoting the shift towards a consumption-based economy since a few years. The explicit goal to significantly raise the percentage of wages in the national household income is integral part of the 12th Five-Year Plan (2011-15). The changes in the economic strategy are likely to affect the attractiveness of the country to foreign investors. In this paper, we raise the hypothesis that soaring wages negatively affect FDI inflows to China and alter the distribution of FDI over Chinese provinces. In addition, low-wage countries in the geographical surrounding might benefit from the changed direction of FDI inflows. By performing panel models with spatial effects for both Chinese provinces and developing ASEAN countries, regional dependencies are explicitly addressed. We provide strong and robust evidence that the wage increases change the distribution of FDI within China. In addition, we show that the changes in China's economic strategy improve the chances of its low-income neighbours to attract FDI.","PeriodicalId":152062,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126498373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
The Prospects and Problems of an IGAD Regional Development Bank 伊加特区域开发银行的前景和问题
Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal Pub Date : 2016-06-25 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2790661
Bryane Michael
{"title":"The Prospects and Problems of an IGAD Regional Development Bank","authors":"Bryane Michael","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2790661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2790661","url":null,"abstract":"A multilateral development finance institution for the Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD) region represents the chance to create a strong pro-developmental actor – and energize the IGAD itself. Yet, the IGAD senior officials will need to look beyond the traditional development banking model if they hope to make an impact of the scale needed to drag these poorest of countries out of their poverty. In this paper, we argue for the design of a development bank modelled after successful role models – like the China Development Bank – instead of proven failures. A mix of government and private sector participation, a widely disbursed capital base, and a temporary base in London, will help ensure the proposed IGAD Communities Development Bank acts as bridge and vector of pro-developmental capitalism in the IGAD region.","PeriodicalId":152062,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: International Development Efforts & Strategies eJournal","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121361158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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