Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease最新文献

{"title":"High-Risk Plaque Characteristics in Patients with Suspected Stable Coronary Artery Disease and Impaired Glucose Tolerance: A Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography Study.","authors":"Thomas Rueskov Andersen, Katrine Schultz Overgaard, Laurits Juhl Heinsen, Roda Abdulkadir Mohamed, Freja Sønder Madsen, Helle Precht, Jess Lambrechtsen, Søren Auscher, Kenneth Egstrup","doi":"10.3390/jcdd12020037","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jcdd12020037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), a prediabetic state, is a known risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Low-attenuation plaque (LAP) lesions are associated with a high risk of coronary events. We aimed to evaluate high-risk plaque characteristics in LAP lesions between patients with IGT and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) in patients suspected for stable CAD. Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) identified LAP lesions and assessed plaque volumes, burdens, and high-risk plaque features. Glycemic tolerance was stratified using oral glucose tolerance tests. Among 148 patients, 202 LAP lesions were identified, with 93 patients classified as NGT and 55 as IGT. Patients with IGT had a significantly higher prevalence of LAP lesions compared with NGT (<i>p</i> = 0.007). LAP volume was higher in IGT (16.46 ± 12.52 mm³) compared with NGT (12.66 ± 9.72 mm³, <i>p</i> = 0.01), but this association did not persist in multivariate analysis. The LAP burden was greater in IGT (10.79 ± 6.84%) than NGT (8.62 ± 5.93%, <i>p</i> = 0.02), and the napkin-ring sign was more frequent in IGT (12%) versus NGT (5%, <i>p</i> = 0.02); these associations remained significant in multivariate analysis. Patients with IGT had a higher LAP burden and higher frequency of napkin-ring signs. These findings may help explain the common occurrence of prediabetes in patients with acute myocardial infarction.</p>","PeriodicalId":15197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11856177/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From a Few Cardiovascular Risk Factors to the Prediction of Age at Death: The Shifting Interests of Cardiovascular Epidemiologists.","authors":"Alessandro Menotti, Paolo Emilio Puddu","doi":"10.3390/jcdd12020035","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jcdd12020035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We describe the changing research interests and goals of the responsible investigators of the Italian Rural Areas (IRA) of the Seven Countries Study of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) during a period of 60 years, dealing with a cohort of middle-aged men. Our initial interest was to discover the basic risk factors of coronary heart disease (CHD). Subsequently, the same problem was tackled regarding stroke and heart diseases of uncertain etiology. Later on, cancer deaths also became an end-point for which risk factors were investigated. The long duration of the study and the fact that CVD and cancer fatalities already cover 70% of all-cause mortality prompted the idea to focus on all-cause mortality, and particularly on age-at-death when the follow-up period reached 61 years together with the extinction of the cohort. At that point, a larger number of risk factors measured at baseline, including those which were unable to predict CVD, became the determinants of all-cause mortality and age-at-death, a metric that summarizes the life-span of health and disease. This study is supported by the presentation of data derived from published papers.</p>","PeriodicalId":15197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11856209/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coronary Artery Disease in Very Young Women: Risk Factors and Prognostic Insights from Extended Follow-Up.","authors":"Samuel Pintos-Rodríguez, Víctor Alfonso Jiménez Díaz, César Veiga, Carlos Martínez García, Francisco Caamaño Isorna, Andrés Íñiguez Romo, Pablo Juan-Salvadores","doi":"10.3390/jcdd12020034","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jcdd12020034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coronary artery disease (CAD) is usually associated with the elderly, but an increase in its incidence has been recently reported among young people, including very young women. The aim of this study is to assess the associations between different clinical variables and the risk of early CAD and occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) during follow-up. Our cohort consists of women ≤40 years referred for coronary angiography due to suspicion of CAD; a nested case-control study was conducted among these patients. In total, 19,321 coronary angiographies were performed between 2006 and 2015, of which 2.6% were in patients ≤40 years old; 52 women were finally included. Family history of CAD was strongly associated with the early onset of the disease [OR 5.94, 95%CI (1.13-31.15); <i>p</i> = 0.035] in young women. The incidence of MACE was also associated with depression [HR 8.20 95%CI (1.03-65.17); <i>p</i> = 0.047] and Castelli Index [HR 11.49, 95%CI (1.40-94.51); <i>p</i> = 0.023]. Primary prevention focused on genetic analysis for high-risk women with a family history of CAD and secondary prevention, targeting a better cholesterol management and mental health assistance must be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":15197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11856672/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ontogeny of Fetal Cardiometabolic Pathways: The Potential Role of Cortisol and Thyroid Hormones in Driving the Transition from Preterm to Near-Term Heart Development in Sheep.","authors":"Reza Amanollahi, Stacey L Holman, Melanie R Bertossa, Ashley S Meakin, Kent L Thornburg, I Caroline McMillen, Michael D Wiese, Mitchell C Lock, Janna L Morrison","doi":"10.3390/jcdd12020036","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jcdd12020036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding hormonal and molecular changes during the transition from preterm to near-term gestation is essential for investigating how pregnancy complications impact fetal heart development and contribute to long-term cardiovascular risks for offspring. This study examines these cardiac changes in fetal sheep, focusing on the changes between 116 days (preterm) and 140 days (near term) of gestation (dG, term = 150) using Western blotting, LC-MS/MS, and histological techniques. We observed a strong correlation between cortisol and T₃ (Triiodothyronine) in heart tissue in near-term fetuses, highlighting the role of glucocorticoid signalling in fetal heart maturation. Protein expression patterns in the heart revealed a decrease in multiple glucocorticoid receptor isoforms (GRα-A, GR-P, GR-A, GRα-D2, and GRα-D3), alongside a decrease in IGF-1R (a marker of cardiac proliferative capacity) and p-FOXO1(Thr24) but an increase in PCNA (a marker of DNA replication), indicating a shift towards cardiomyocyte maturation from preterm to near term. The increased expression of proteins regulating mitochondrial biogenesis and OXPHOS complex 4 reflects the known transition from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation, essential for meeting the energy demands of the postnatal heart. We also found altered glucose transporter expression, with increased pIRS-1(ser789) and GLUT-4 but decreased GLUT-1 expression, suggesting improved insulin responsiveness as the heart approaches term. Notably, the reduced protein abundance of SIRT-1 and SERCA2, along with increased phosphorylation of cardiac Troponin I(Ser23/24), indicates adaptations for more energy-efficient contraction in the near-term heart. In conclusion, these findings show the complex interplay of hormonal, metabolic, and growth changes that regulate fetal heart development, providing new insights into heart development that are crucial for understanding pathological conditions at birth and throughout life.</p>","PeriodicalId":15197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11856455/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spinal Cord Stimulation for Refractory Angina Pectoris: Current Status and Future Perspectives, a Narrative Review.","authors":"Roberto Gazzeri, Jacopo Mosca, Felice Occhigrossi, Marco Mercieri, Marcelo Galarza, Matteo Luigi Giuseppe Leoni","doi":"10.3390/jcdd12010033","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jcdd12010033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Refractory angina pectoris (RAP) is a clinical syndrome characterized by persistent chest pain caused by myocardial ischemia that is unresponsive to optimal pharmacological therapy and revascularization procedures. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has emerged as a promising therapeutic option for managing RAP, offering significant symptom relief and improved quality of life. A systematic literature review was conducted to evaluate the clinical effectiveness, mechanisms of action, and safety profile of SCS in treating RAP. Comprehensive searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies published between 1990 and 2023. Of 328 articles identified, 6 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria for final analysis. The included studies consistently demonstrated that SCS significantly reduces the frequency of anginal episodes and nitroglycerin use while improving exercise capacity and quality of life. Proposed mechanisms include modulation of pain signals via the gate control theory, enhancement of autonomic balance, and redistribution of myocardial perfusion. Novel stimulation modalities, including high-frequency, Burst, and Differential Target Multiplexed (DTM), show potential advantages in enhancing patient comfort and clinical outcomes. Nevertheless, long-term studies are necessary to validate these findings and establish the comparative efficacy of these advanced technologies. SCS is a safe and effective therapy for patients with RAP who are unsuitable for surgical interventions. Innovations in neurostimulation, including closed-loop systems and personalized treatment strategies have the potential to further optimize outcomes. Rigorous clinical trials are needed to consolidate the role of SCS as a cornerstone therapy for the management of RAP.</p>","PeriodicalId":15197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11766387/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143032936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal Outcomes of Patients with Aortic Stenosis Stratified by Sex: An Asian Perspective.","authors":"Joy Y S Ong, Aloysius S T Leow, Chun Yi Ng, Poay Huan Loh, Swee Chye Quek, William K F Kong, Tiong Cheng Yeo, Ching Hui Sia, Kian Keong Poh","doi":"10.3390/jcdd12010032","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jcdd12010032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Severe aortic stenosis (AS) stratified by sex has been increasingly studied in the European population. Sex-specific outcomes in Asian patients with AS remain poorly defined. Hence, we aimed to study the clinical characteristics and impact of sex in moderate-to-severe AS, undergoing both invasive and conservative interventions in an Asian cohort over 10 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Consecutive data with echocardiographic diagnoses of AS were stratified according to gender in a tertiary academic center between 2011 and 2021. Demographics, comorbidities, and clinical outcomes were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven hundred and three (703) patients were included (56%, <i>n</i> = 397 were female). Calcific AS was the dominant etiology in both genders. Females had higher incidences of anemia (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and chronic kidney disease (<i>p</i> = 0.026); although, females had lower incidences of cardiovascular complications of coronary artery disease (CAD) (<i>p</i> = 0.002) and prior acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (<i>p</i> = 0.015). Echocardiographically, females had a smaller left ventricular outflow tract diameter (LVOTd) (<i>p</i> < 0.001), LV mass (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and left ventricle end diastolic volume (LVEDV) (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Conversely, the left atrial (LA) area (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and volume index (LAVI) (<i>p</i> < 0.001) were larger in females. Females had higher average E/e' (<i>p</i> = 0.010) ratios compared to males. The mean follow-up duration between genders was 4.1 ± 3.3 years. Upon univariate analysis, a greater proportion of female AS patients encountered cardiovascular (CV) hospitalization during follow-up (female: 27.5%, <i>n</i> = 109 vs. male: 18.3%, <i>n</i> = 56; <i>p</i> = 0.005) compared to male patients, but there were no significant differences for the outcomes of heart failure (<i>p</i> = 0.612), stroke (<i>p</i> = 0.664), and all-cause mortality (<i>p</i> = 0.827). Fewer females underwent aortic valve (AV) intervention compared to males (21.2% vs. 27.8%, <i>p</i> = 0.042), albeit with a longer duration to AV intervention (3.6 years ± 2.4 vs. 2.6 years ± 2.3, <i>p</i> = 0.016). In the severe AS cohort, female sex remained an independent predictor for subsequent heart failure (aHR 2.89, 95% CI 1.01-8.29, <i>p</i> = 0.048) and CV hospitalization (aHR 20.0, 95% CI 1.19-335, <i>p</i> = 0.037) after adjustments for age, ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and AV intervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There was no difference in heart failure, stroke, and all-cause mortality outcomes between male and female Asian patients with moderate-to-severe AS. However, there were more cardiovascular hospitalizations, with fewer and longer duration to AV intervention in females compared to males in our cohort.</p>","PeriodicalId":15197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11766203/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143032598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct Axillary Artery Cannulation as Standard Perfusion Strategy in Minimally Invasive Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.","authors":"Christian Sellin, Ahmed Belmenai, Volodymyr Demianenko, Marius Grossmann, Hilmar Dörge","doi":"10.3390/jcdd12010031","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jcdd12010031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) via the right axillary artery (RAA) has become an alternative perfusion strategy, especially in complex aortic procedures. This study delineates our technique and outcome with direct axillary cannulation utilizing the Seldinger technique, which we adopted as the standard perfusion strategy in the sternum-sparing minimally invasive total coronary revascularization via left anterior thoracotomy (TCRAT) using CPB.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From November 2019 to December 2023, a total of 413 consecutive patients underwent nonemergent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) via left anterior minithoracotomy on CPB with peripheral cannulation via the RAA and cardioplegic cardiac arrest, using this technique as a default strategy in the daily routine. All patients had multivessel coronary artery disease. The primary outcome was intraoperative cannulation-related complications (bleeding, revision, ischemia, wound healing complications). The secondary outcome was cannulation-related events during follow-up (blood pressure differences, incidence of brachial plexus injury, clinical signs of circulatory problems of arm and hand, re-interventions). Mean midterm follow-up was 18.7 ± 12.3 [1.1-51.2] months. During follow-up, 16 patients died. Overall, a total of 397 patients (344 male; 67.6 ± 9.7 [32-88]) were included for follow-up (100%).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The RAA was successfully cannulated in 100% of patients. A cannula size of 16 Fr was used in 34.6%, 18 Fr in 63.9% and 20 Fr in 1.5% of all patients. There was no intraoperative bleeding complication. In two patients, intraoperative revision of the RAA was required, necessitating a venous patch repair. At follow-up, there were no differences between the systolic and diastolic blood pressure or the pressure gradients between the right and left arm. Transient numbness of the right hand was observed in two patients. Permanent numbness was not observed. No patient needed further intervention or surgical revision of the RAA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The right axillary cannulation is feasible and safe in terms of vascular injury and brachial plexus injury with excellent in-hospital and follow-up outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":15197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11766195/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143032258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computed Tomography Angiography in the Catheterization Laboratory: A Guide Towards Optimizing Coronary Interventions.","authors":"Eirini Beneki, Kyriakos Dimitriadis, Nikolaos Pyrpyris, Alexios Antonopoulos, Konstantinos Aznaouridis, Panagiotis Antiochos, Christos Fragoulis, Henri Lu, David Meier, Konstantinos Tsioufis, Stephane Fournier, Constantina Aggeli, Georgios Tzimas","doi":"10.3390/jcdd12010028","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jcdd12010028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiac computed tomography (CT) has become an essential tool in the pre-procedural planning and optimization of coronary interventions. Its non-invasive nature allows for the detailed visualization of coronary anatomy, including plaque burden, vessel morphology, and the presence of stenosis, aiding in precise decision making for revascularization strategies. Clinicians can assess not only the extent of coronary artery disease but also the functional significance of lesions using techniques like fractional flow reserve (FFR-CT). By providing comprehensive insights into coronary structure and hemodynamics, cardiac CT helps guide personalized treatment plans, ensuring the more accurate selection of patients for percutaneous coronary interventions or coronary artery bypass grafting and potentially improving patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11766008/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interindividual Variability Response to Resistance and High-Intensity Interval Training on Blood Pressure Reduction in Hypertensive Older Adults.","authors":"Johnattan Cano-Montoya, Nicolas Hurtado, Carolina Núñez Vergara, Sebastián Báez Vargas, Marcela Rojas-Vargas, Sergio Martínez-Huenchullán, Cristian Alvarez, Mikel Izquierdo","doi":"10.3390/jcdd12010030","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jcdd12010030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study evaluated the effects of resistance training (RT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in hypertensive older adults undergoing pharmacological therapy over four and eight weeks. We compared the efficacy of RT and HIIT in reducing non-responders (NRs) between weeks 4 and 8 and analyzed time-course adaptations in NRs and responders (Rs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-nine participants were randomized into RT-G (<i>n</i> = 13), HIIT-G (<i>n</i> = 13), or control (CG, <i>n</i> = 13) groups. RT utilized elastic bands, and HIIT involved cycle ergometers, with three weekly 30 min sessions for 8 weeks. SBP and DBP were measured before intervention and at weeks 4 and 8, respectively. Individual responses were classified as NRs or Rs using the Hopkins method (SDIR = √[SDExp2-SDCon2]). Time-course adaptations were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both the RT-G and HIIT-G reduced SBP at 8 weeks (RT-G: -13 mmHg; [ES: 1.12]; HIIT-G: -12 mmHg [ES: 0.8]; both <i>p</i> < 0.05). The proportion of NRs for SBP decreased from 46% to 38% in RT-G and 69% to 46% in HIIT-G. Rs showed a peak SBP reduction at 4 weeks (-14.7 and -25.5 mmHg), stabilizing by week 8 (-22.8 and -19.6 mmHg) in RT-G and HIIT-G, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Eight weeks of RT and HIIT effectively reduced SBP and NR prevalence, with time-course adaptations favoring Rs.</p>","PeriodicalId":15197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11765815/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143032354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in the Native American Population.","authors":"Krista Goerger, Karla Abbott, Mark K Larson, Michael Holinstat","doi":"10.3390/jcdd12010027","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jcdd12010027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Native Americans are disproportionately affected by cardiovascular disease in comparison with other racial and ethnic groups in the United States. Previous research has analyzed risk factors, quantified prevalence rates, and examined outcomes of cardiovascular disease in Native Americans, yet few studies have considered the role of societal and psychological factors on the increased burden of cardiovascular disease in Native Americans. Modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including poor nutrition, reduced physical activity, obesity, and increased substance use, are exacerbated in Native American communities due to cultural and historical factors. Further, Native Americans have endured historical trauma and continue to experience additional financial and healthcare stressors, resulting in increased levels of chronic stress. Chronic activation of stress responses through the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and autonomic nervous system increases inflammation and cardiovascular dysfunction resulting in an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Therefore, it is critical to examine the connection between these stressors and the cardiovascular health disparities in Native American communities to create effective strategies to improve health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11765693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}