Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease最新文献

{"title":"Navigating the Complexities of Cancer Treatment-Induced Hypertension.","authors":"Jose Arriola-Montenegro, John Roth, Maria L Gonzalez Suarez","doi":"10.3390/jcdd12060235","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jcdd12060235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer therapy-induced hypertension (HTN) is an increasingly recognized complication associated with a wide range of anticancer agents, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors, proteasome inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and alkylating agents. The pathogenesis of HTN in this setting is multifactorial, involving mechanisms such as endothelial dysfunction, nitric oxide (NO) suppression, sympathetic nervous system activation, and vascular remodeling. Additional factors, including paraneoplastic syndromes, poorly controlled pain, mood disturbances, and overlapping cardiovascular risk factors like obesity and diabetes, further contribute to the complexity of diagnosis and management. Despite its prevalence and clinical implications, cancer therapy-induced HTN is often addressed using general population guidelines, with limited oncology-specific protocols available. Accurate blood pressure measurement and individualized treatment plans are critical to optimize outcomes and avoid interruptions to cancer therapy. Antihypertensive agents such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), and calcium channel blockers have shown efficacy in both blood pressure control and, in some cases, oncologic outcomes. A multidisciplinary approach involving oncologists, cardiologists, and primary care providers is essential to navigate the interplay between cancer treatment and cardiovascular health. Ongoing research is needed to develop targeted guidelines and improve the long-term care of cancer patients affected by treatment-induced HTN.</p>","PeriodicalId":15197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease","volume":"12 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12194795/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144484456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitral Annular Calcification, a Not So Marginal and Relatively Benign Finding as Many of Us Think: A Review.","authors":"András Vereckei, Zsigmond Jenei, Hajnalka Vágó, Dorottya Balla, Alexisz Panajotu, Andrea Nagy, Gábor Katona","doi":"10.3390/jcdd12060233","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jcdd12060233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mitral annular calcification (MAC) is usually considered an incidental, benign, age-related finding without serious complications in patients evaluated for cardiovascular or pulmonary disease with imaging studies that may result in mitral regurgitation or stenosis when severe. Therefore, it is usually not considered a significant alteration. However, there is accumulating evidence that it is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events, such as atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, aortic artery disease, carotid artery disease, peripheral artery disease, stroke, atrial fibrillation, atrioventricular and/or intraventricular conduction disturbance, systemic embolization, infective endocarditis, heart failure and mortality. The presence of MAC also significantly influences the outcome of mitral valve transcatheter and surgical interventions. Several conditions may predispose to MAC. MAC is strongly related to cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking and cardiovascular atherosclerosis, and inflammation may also play a role in the pathogenesis of MAC. Also, conditions that increase mitral valve stress, such as hypertension, aortic stenosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, predispose to accelerated degenerative calcification of the mitral annulus area. Congenital disorders, e.g., Marfan syndrome and Hurler syndrome, are also associated with MAC, due to an intrinsic abnormality of the connective tissue composing the annulus.</p>","PeriodicalId":15197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease","volume":"12 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12193605/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144484455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of Five-Year Outcomes in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes.","authors":"Luca Di Vito, Giancarla Scalone, Federico Di Giusto, Filippo Bruscoli, Simona Silenzi, Adelina Selimi, Arianna Massari, Domenico Delfino, Federico Guerra, Pierfrancesco Grossi","doi":"10.3390/jcdd12060234","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jcdd12060234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Residual risk after acute coronary syndromes (ACSs) continues to affect prognosis. We investigated the impact of female sex, non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), diabetes mellitus (DM), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) on coronary atherosclerosis extent, culprit stenosis location, and bio-humoral data. The rate of both major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and non-fatal recurrent coronary events (RCE) was additionally evaluated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled 1404 ACS patients and followed them for up to 5 years. Coronary culprit and non-culprit stenoses were analyzed using angiography. Biohumoral data was assessed at admission and at 1 month and 12 months after discharge. Patients were compared based on sex, NSTEMI, DM, and CKD presence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NSTEMI patients had a higher number of total coronary stenoses (3.5 vs. 3.3, <i>p</i> = 0.013) and non-culprit stenoses (2.3 vs. 1.6, <i>p</i> = 0.0001). Non-culprit percent stenosis was significantly greater in NSTEMI as compared to STEMI patients (57.9% vs. 47.1%, <i>p</i> = 0.0001). DM patients had a higher frequency of bifurcation lesions (41% vs. 25%, <i>p</i> = 0.0001). CKD patients showed a higher prevalence of left main disease (3.4% vs. 1.5%, <i>p</i> = 0.038). Female patients had higher LDL-cholesterol values at 1 month and 12 months. NSTEMI, DM, and creatinine level were independent predictors of MACE. NSTEMI patients had an increased risk of non-fatal RCE.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>NSTEMI, DM, and creatinine levels at admission were independent predictors of MACE in the first 5 years after an ACS.</p>","PeriodicalId":15197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease","volume":"12 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12193916/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144484459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anesthesia for Minimally Invasive Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery.","authors":"Miranda Holmes, Alexander N J White, Luke J Rogers, Piroze M Davierwala","doi":"10.3390/jcdd12060232","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jcdd12060232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting (MI-CABG) has emerged as a transformative approach to coronary revascularization, offering reduced morbidity, faster recovery and improved cosmesis compared to conventional coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Performed without full sternotomy and commonly without cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), MI-CABG encompasses a variety of techniques. These procedures present unique challenges for the anesthesiologist, necessitating a tailored perioperative strategy. This review explores the anesthetic management of MI-CABG, focusing on preoperative assessment, intraoperative techniques, and postoperative care. Preoperative evaluation emphasizes cardiac, respiratory, and vascular considerations, including suitability for one-lung ventilation (OLV) and the impact of comorbidities. Intraoperatively, anesthesiologists must manage hemodynamic instability, ensure effective OLV, and maintain normothermia. Postoperative strategies prioritize multimodal analgesia, early extubation, and rapid mobilization to leverage the benefits of a minimally invasive approach. By integrating surgical and anesthetic perspectives, this review underscores the anesthesiologist's pivotal role in navigating the physiological demands of MI-CABG. As techniques evolve and experience grows, a comprehensive understanding of these principles will enhance the safety and efficacy of MI-CABG, making it a viable option for an expanding patient population.</p>","PeriodicalId":15197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease","volume":"12 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12194757/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144484391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental Health Treatment in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease in Germany: An Online, Cross-Sectional Study of Status, Needs, and Treatment Reasons.","authors":"Anna-Lena Ehmann, Emily Schütte, Janina Semmler, Felix Berger, Ulrike M M Bauer, Katharina Schmitt, Constanze Pfitzer, Paul C Helm","doi":"10.3390/jcdd12060231","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jcdd12060231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Improved medical treatments have extended survival and life expectancy in adults with congenital heart defects (ACHD), placing greater emphasis on psychosocial health. Up to one-third of ACHD experience anxiety or depression, and half develop a mental illness during their lifetime. While there is solid evidence on the prevalence of mental health, many do not receive psychological, psychotherapeutic, or psychiatric treatment (PST) and the psychological care situation remains understudied. In a nationwide, online cross-sectional survey conducted in Q1 2024, 1486 ACHD aged 18 to 85 (M_age = 36.84 years; 60.8% female) registered in the German National Register for Congenital Heart Defects (NRCHD) completed self-report questionnaires on sociodemographics, illness identity (Illness Identity Questionnaire), mental well-being, and utilisation of PST. CHD diagnoses were determined in conformity with the International Pediatric and Congenital Cardiac Code (IPCCC) and CHD was classified according to Warnes et al. (simple/moderate/complex). Analyses included chi-square tests, t-tests, and binary logistic regression. Overall, 32.8% of participants reported current and/or previous PST (women 37.5%, men 25.3%). PST utilisation was significantly higher in those with complex (40.2%) compared to moderate (29.6%) and simple CHD (25.3%) (<i>p</i>s < 0.01). Primary treatment reasons were mental illness (41.7%) and CHD-related concerns (37.2%). Nearly half of treatments were self-initiated (45.8%) and about one-third were physician-recommended (30.8%). Logistic regression revealed CHD severity as a significant predictor of PST use (<i>p</i>s < 0.05), with lower odds for simple (OR = 0.48) and moderate (OR = 0.66) compared to complex CHD when controlling for sex (<i>p</i> < 0.001, OR = 1.87), age (<i>p</i> = 0.022, OR = 1.011), education level (<i>p</i>s between 0.060 and 0.780), and net income (<i>p</i>s < 0.05). Those receiving PST showed significantly higher maladaptive illness-identity scores (engulfment, rejection) and lower acceptance. Approximately one in three ACHD requires mental health support, particularly those with complex CHD. The CHD itself acts as a key stressor and treatment motivator. Findings underscore the need for integrated care linking cardiological and psychosocial services. Routine screening for psychological distress and low-threshold access to PST-also for patients with simple and moderate CHD-are essential to identify and address mental health needs early.</p>","PeriodicalId":15197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease","volume":"12 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12193895/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144484454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retinal Imaging as a Window into Cardiovascular Health: Towards Harnessing Retinal Analytics for Precision Cardiovascular Medicine.","authors":"Jay Bharatsingh Bisen, Hayden Sikora, Anushree Aneja, Sanjiv J Shah, Rukhsana G Mirza","doi":"10.3390/jcdd12060230","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jcdd12060230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rising morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD) have increased interest in precision and preventive management to reduce long-term sequelae. While retinal imaging has traditionally been recognized for identifying vascular changes in systemic conditions such as hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus, a new ophthalmologic field, cardiac-oculomics, has associated retinal biomarker changes with other cardiovascular diseases with retinal manifestations. Several imaging modalities visualize the retina, including color fundus photography (CFP), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and OCT angiography (OCTA), which visualize the retinal surface, the individual retinal layers, and the microvasculature within those layers, respectively. In these modalities, imaging-derived biomarkers can present due to CVD and have been linked to the presence, progression, or risk of developing a range of CVD, including hypertension, carotid artery disease, valvular heart disease, cerebral infarction, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure. Promising artificial intelligence (AI) models have been developed to complement existing risk-prediction tools, but standardization and clinical trials are needed for clinical adoption. Beyond risk estimation, there is growing interest in assessing real-time cardiovascular status to track vascular changes following pharmacotherapy, surgery, or acute decompensation. This review offers an up-to-date assessment of the cardiac-oculomics literature and aims to raise awareness among cardiologists and encourage interdepartmental collaboration.</p>","PeriodicalId":15197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease","volume":"12 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12194434/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144484482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Echocardiographic Markers in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction.","authors":"Annamaria Tavernese, Vincenzo Rizza, Valeria Cammalleri, Rocco Mollace, Cristina Carresi, Giorgio Antonelli, Nino Cocco, Luca D'Antonio, Martina Gelfusa, Francesco Piccirillo, Annunziata Nusca, Gian Paolo Ussia","doi":"10.3390/jcdd12060229","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jcdd12060229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) represents nearly half of all heart failure cases and remains diagnostically challenging due to its heterogeneous pathophysiology and often subtle myocardial dysfunction. Conventional echocardiographic parameters, such as left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and the left atrial volume index (LAVI), frequently fail to detect early functional changes. Advanced echocardiographic techniques have emerged as valuable tools for early diagnosis and risk stratification. Global Longitudinal Strain (GLS) allows for the identification of subclinical systolic dysfunction, even with preserved LVEF. Left Atrial Strain (LAS), particularly reservoir and pump strain, provides sensitive markers of diastolic function and elevated filling pressures, offering additional diagnostic and prognostic insights. Myocardial Work (MW), through non-invasive pressure-strain loops, enables load-independent assessment of contractility, while Right Ventricular Free Wall Longitudinal Strain (RVFWLS) captures early right heart involvement, often present in advanced HFpEF. The integration of these advanced parameters can enhance diagnostic precision and guide personalized treatment strategies. This review highlights the current evidence and clinical applications of strain-based imaging in HFpEF, underscoring the importance of a multiparametric, pathophysiology-oriented approach in heart failure evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease","volume":"12 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12194283/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144484432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe Myocardial Involvement and Persistent Supraventricular Arrhythmia in a Premature Infant Due to Enterovirus Infection: Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Carolina Montobbio, Alessio Conte, Andrea Calandrino, Alessia Pepe, Francesco Vinci, Alessandra Siboldi, Roberto Formigari, Luca Antonio Ramenghi","doi":"10.3390/jcdd12060228","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jcdd12060228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enterovirus (EV) infections in neonates can be transmitted vertically or horizontally, with symptoms ranging from mild to severe, including myocarditis, meningoencephalitis, and hepatitis. Neonates with EV-induced myocarditis may present severe cardiovascular disease with sudden onset of arrhythmia. Neonatal arrhythmias, particularly in low birth weight or critically ill infants, can impair cardiac function and worsen outcomes. EV targets cardiomyocyte receptors, inducing apoptosis pathways and triggering cardiac conduction disturbances. We present an extremely low-birth-weight preterm infant (GW 27 + 6) who developed EV-induced myocarditis, complicated with a sudden onset of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), pericardial effusion and bi-atrial enlargement. Despite multi-agent regimen, including propranolol, flecainide, and amiodarone, the infant showed persistent junctional rhythm until seven months of age, later transitioning to atrial rhythm with stable cardiac function. A review of previously published rhythm disturbances due to EV-induced myocarditis is presented. Newborns with EV-induced arrhythmia may require a multi-modal treatment such as a multi-agent medical regimen or, in severe non-responsive cases, an electrophysiological approach. EV infections may cause long-term cardiovascular comorbidities (such as left ventricular dysfunction or mitral valve regurgitation), necessitating continuous monitoring through echocardiography and ECG. Collaboration between neonatologists and pediatric cardiologists is crucial for effective treatment and follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":15197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease","volume":"12 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12193909/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144484484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic Value of the Global Left Ventricular Contractility Index in Patients with Severe Mitral Regurgitation and Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction.","authors":"Tony Li, Vinay B Panday, Jessele Lai, Nicholas Gao, Beth Lim, Aloysius Leow, Sarah Tan, Quek Swee Chye, Ching Hui Sia, William Kong, Tiong Cheng Yeo, Ru San Tan, Liang Zhong, Kian Keong Poh","doi":"10.3390/jcdd12060227","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jcdd12060227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Assessment of left ventricular (LV) systolic function is important in valvular heart disease. The global LV contractility index, <i>dσ*/dt_max</i>, is load-independent and has been reported to be associated with clinical outcomes in heart failure and aortic stenosis. We aim to assess if <i>dσ*/dt_max</i> could predict adverse outcomes in patients with severe mitral regurgitation (MR).</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>We studied <i>dσ*/dt_max</i> in a cohort of 127 patients with isolated severe primary MR and preserved LVEF ≥ 60%. Patients with prior valvular intervention or concurrent valvular disease were excluded. We tested <i>dσ*/dt_max</i> against a composite of adverse outcomes including all-cause mortality, heart failure hospitalization, and mitral valve intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cohort had a mean age of 58 years old and was predominantly male. Of the 127 patients, eight (6.3%) needed subsequent hospitalization for heart failure, while 30 (23.6%) and 11 (8.7%) patients underwent mitral valve repair and replacement, respectively, And 14 (11.0%) passed away. Of the patients (<i>n</i> = 54 (42.5%)) who had an adverse outcome during follow-up, <i>dσ*/dt_max</i> demonstrated an independent association with composite adverse outcome, including its individual components. On ROC analysis, a cut-off of 2.15 s^-1 was identified. Based on this cut-off, <i>dσ*/dt_max</i> retained an independent association with composite adverse outcome after adjusting for covariates including age, sex, ischemic heart disease, pulmonary artery systolic pressure, and left ventricular end systolic diameter.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In patients with severe primary MR and preserved LVEF, reduced <i>dσ*/dt_max</i> was an independent predictor of adverse outcomes. It can be a useful addition to the armamentarium for assessing patients with severe MR.</p>","PeriodicalId":15197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease","volume":"12 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12194656/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144484460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on Bianco et al. Differences in Arrhythmia Detection Between Harvard Step Test and Maximal Exercise Testing in a Paediatric Sports Population. <i>J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis.</i> 2025, <i>12</i>, 22.","authors":"Daniel Neunhaeuserer, Francesca Battista, Giulia Quinto, Gino Degano, Andrea Gasperetti, Andrea Ermolao","doi":"10.3390/jcdd12060225","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jcdd12060225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article by Bianco M [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":15197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease","volume":"12 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12194728/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144484426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}