Journal of applied physiology最新文献

{"title":"Specific tension of human muscle in vivo: a systematic review.","authors":"Lomas S Persad, Zheng Wang, Paula A Pino, Benjamin I Binder-Markey, Kenton R Kaufman, Richard L Lieber","doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00296.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00296.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The intrinsic force production capability of human muscle can be expressed as \"Specific Tension,\" or, the maximum force generated per cross-sectional area of muscle fibers. This value can be used to determine, for example, whether muscle quality changes during exercise, atrophy, disease, or hypertrophy. A value of 22.5 N/cm² for mammalian muscle has generally become accepted based on detailed studies of small mammals. Determining the specific tension of human muscle is much more challenging as almost all determinations are indirect. Calculation of human muscle specific tension requires an understanding of that muscle's contribution to joint torque, its activation magnitude, tendon compliance, and joint moment arm. Determining any of these parameters is technically challenging in humans and thus, it is no surprise that human specific tension values reported vary from 2 to 73 N/cm². In this systematic review, we screened 1,506 published papers and identified the 30 studies published between 1983 and 2023 that used appropriate methods and which reported 96 human specific tension values. We weighted each parameter based on whether it was directly measured, estimated, or calculated based on the literature, with decreasing weighting used, the more indirect the methods. Based on this exhaustive review of the relevant human literature, we suggest that the most accurate value that should be used for human muscle specific tension is 26.8 N/cm².</p>","PeriodicalId":15160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11486478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142017537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isn't limiting technology in sports limiting sports science?","authors":"Cintia Campolina Duarte Rocha da Silva, Caroline Santiago Dos Santos, Rafael Correa Teodoro, Igor Santos Lares, Sandro Fernandes da Silva","doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00579.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00579.2024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142307828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Olympism should set the limits of the use of technology in elite sports.","authors":"Pantelis Theodoros Nikolaidis","doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00563.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00563.2024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142307830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technological advances in elite sport: If we draw a line, where would we stop?","authors":"Peter Düking, Billy Sperlich","doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00462.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00462.2024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142307833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Work, life, and exercise: the interconnected pathways to health and productivity.","authors":"Moacir Marocolo, Frederico L Frazão, Hiago L R Souza","doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00707.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00707.2024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142466256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silence of the lungs: comparing measures of slow and noncommunicating lung units from pulmonary function tests with computed tomography.","authors":"Christopher Short, Thomas Semple, Mary Abkir, Simon Padley, Mark Rosenthal, Paul McNally, Harm Tiddens, Daan Caudri, Andrew Bush, Jane C Davies","doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00340.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00340.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multiple breath washout (MBW) has successfully assessed the silent lung zone particularly in cystic fibrosis lung disease, however, it is limited to the communicating lung only. There are a number of different pulmonary function methods that can assess what is commonly referred to as trapped air, with varying approaches and sensitivity. Twenty-five people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) underwent MBW, spirometry, body plethysmography, and spirometry-controlled computed tomography (spiro-CT) on the same day. PwCF also performed extensions to MBW that evaluate air trapping, including our novel extension (MBW_ShX), which reveals the extent of underventilated lung units (UVLU). In addition, we used two previously established 5-breath methods that provide a volume of trapped gas (VTG). We used trapped air % from spiro-CT as the gold standard for comparison. UVLU derived from MBW_ShX showed the best agreement with trapped air %, both in terms of correlation (<i>R</i>_S 0.89, <i>P</i> < 0.0001) and sensitivity (79%). Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated a significant underestimation of the VTG by both 5-breath methods (-249 mL [95% CI -10,796; 580 mL] and -203 mL [95% CI -997; 591 mL], respectively). Parameters from both spirometry and body plethysmography were suboptimal at assessing this pathophysiology. The parameters from MBW_ShX demonstrated the best relationship with spiro-CT and had the best sensitivity compared with the other pulmonary function methods assessed in this study. MBW_ShX shows promise to assess and monitor this critical pathophysiological feature, which has been shown to be a driver of lung disease progression in pwCF.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> We consider the term \"trapped air\" either in the use of imaging or pulmonary function testing, something of a misnomer that can lead to an inaccurate assessment of an important physiological feature. Instead, we propose the term underventilated lung units (UVLU). Of the many pulmonary function methods we used in this study, we found that the use of multiple breath washout with short extension (MBW_ShX) to be the best nonimaging method.</p>","PeriodicalId":15160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11486470/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141906646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technological advances in elite running sport concerning advanced footwear technology: yes, but individual preconditions must be considered.","authors":"Lars Christian Schwalm, Thomas Gronwald, Dominik Fohrmann, Marcelle Schaffarczyk, Karsten Hollander","doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00553.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00553.2024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142307832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Androgen receptor markers do not differ between nonresponders and responders to resistance training-induced muscle hypertrophy.","authors":"João G A Bergamasco, Maíra C Scarpelli, Joshua S Godwin, Paulo H C Mesquita, Talisson S Chaves, Deivid G da Silva, Diego Bittencourt, Nathalia F Dias, Ricardo A Medalha, Paulo C Carello Filho, Vitor Angleri, Luiz A R Costa, J Max Michel, Felipe C Vechin, Andreas N Kavazis, Carlos Ugrinowitsch, Michael D Roberts, Cleiton A Libardi","doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00354.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00354.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to investigate whether baseline values and acute and chronic changes in androgen receptors (AR) markers, including total AR, cytoplasmic (cAR), and nuclear (nAR) fractions, as well as DNA-binding activity (AR-DNA), are involved in muscle hypertrophy responsiveness by comparing young nonresponder and responder individuals. After 10 wk of resistance training (RT), participants were identified as nonresponders using two typical errors (TE) obtained through two muscle cross-sectional area (mCSA) ultrasound measurements (2 × TE; 4.94%), and the highest responders within our sample were numerically matched. Muscle biopsies were performed at baseline, 24 h after the first RT session (acute responses), and 96 h after the last session (chronic responses). AR, cAR, and nAR were analyzed using Western blotting, and AR-DNA was analyzed using an ELISA-oligonucleotide assay. Twelve participants were identified as nonresponders (ΔmCSA: -1.32%) and 12 as responders (ΔmCSA: 21.35%). There were no baseline differences between groups in mCSA, AR, cAR, nAR, or AR-DNA (<i>P</i> > 0.05). For acute responses, there was a significant difference between nonresponders (+19.5%) and responders (-14.4%) in AR-DNA [effect size (ES) = -1.39; 95% confidence interval (CI): -2.53 to -0.16; <i>P</i> = 0.015]. There were no acute between-group differences in any other AR markers (<i>P</i> > 0.05). No significant differences between groups were observed in chronic responses across any AR markers (<i>P</i> > 0.05). Nonresponders and responders presented similar baseline, acute, and chronic results for the majority of the AR markers. Thus, our findings do not support the influence of AR markers on muscle hypertrophy responsiveness to RT in untrained individuals.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> We explored, for the first time, the influence of androgen receptor (AR) through the separation of cytoplasmic and nuclear cell fractions [i.e., cytoplasmic androgen receptor (cAR), nuclear androgen receptor (nAR), and androgen receptor DNA-binding activity (AR-DNA)] on muscle hypertrophy responsiveness to resistance training. The absence of muscle hypertrophy in naïve individuals does not seem to be explained by baseline values, and acute or chronic changes in AR markers.</p>","PeriodicalId":15160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141982350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding exercise (in)tolerance in sickle cell disease: impacts of hemolysis and exercise training on skeletal muscle oxygen delivery.","authors":"David C Irwin, Edward T N Calvo, Michael D Belbis, Sabrina K C Ehrenfort, Mathilde Noguer, Laurent A Messonnier, Paul W Buehler, Daniel M Hirai, Scott K Ferguson","doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00390.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00390.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sickle cell disease (SCD) is characterized by central (cardiac) and peripheral vascular dysfunctions, significantly diminishing exercise capacity and quality of life. Although central cardiopulmonary abnormalities in SCD are known to reduce exercise capacity and quality of life; the impact of hemolysis and subsequent cell-free hemoglobin (Hb)-mediated peripheral vascular abnormalities on those outcomes are not fully understood. Despite the recognized benefits of exercise training for cardiovascular health and clinical management in chronic diseases like heart failure, there remains substantial debate on the advisability of regular physical activity for patients with SCD. This is primarily due to concerns that prolonged and/or high-intensity exercise might trigger metabolic shifts leading to vaso-occlusive crises. As a result, exercise recommendations for patients with SCD are often vague or nonexistent, reflecting a gap in knowledge about the mechanisms of exercise intolerance and the impact of exercise training on SCD-related health issues. This mini-review sheds light on recent developments in understanding how SCD affects exercise tolerance, with a special focus on the roles of hemolysis and the release of cell-free hemoglobin in altering cardiovascular and skeletal muscle function. Also highlighted here is the emerging research on the therapeutic effects and safety of exercise training in patients with SCD. In addition, the review identifies future research opportunities to fill existing gaps in our understanding of exercise (in)tolerance in SCD.</p>","PeriodicalId":15160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142107790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy expenditure during physical work in cold environments: physiology and performance considerations for military service members.","authors":"Erica A Schafer, Christopher L Chapman, John W Castellani, David P Looney","doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00210.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00210.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Effective execution of military missions in cold environments requires highly trained, well-equipped, and operationally ready service members. Understanding the metabolic energetic demands of performing physical work in extreme cold conditions is critical for individual medical readiness of service members. In this narrative review, we describe <i>1</i>) the extreme energy costs of performing militarily relevant physical work in cold environments, <i>2</i>) key factors specific to cold environments that explain these additional energy costs, <i>3</i>) additional environmental factors that modulate the metabolic burden, <i>4</i>) medical readiness consequences associated with these circumstances, and <i>5</i>) potential countermeasures to be developed to aid future military personnel. Key characteristics of the cold operational environment that cause excessive energy expenditure in military personnel include thermoregulatory mechanisms, winter apparel, inspiration of cold air, inclement weather, and activities specific to cold weather. The combination of cold temperatures with other environmental stressors, including altitude, wind, and wet environments, exacerbates the overall metabolic strain on military service members. The high energy cost of working in these environments increases the risk of undesirable consequences, including negative energy balance, dehydration, and subsequent decrements in physical and cognitive performance. Such consequences may be mitigated by the application of enhanced clothing and equipment design, wearable technologies for biomechanical assistance and localized heating, thermogenic pharmaceuticals, and cold habituation and training guidance. Altogether, the reduction in energy expenditure of modern military personnel during physical work in cold environments would promote desirable operational outcomes and optimize the health and performance of service members.</p>","PeriodicalId":15160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11486477/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142107788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}