Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants最新文献

{"title":"Extraction of basil seed gum: Optimization and functional properties","authors":"Lingliang Guan ,&nbsp;Yajiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Fulai Yu ,&nbsp;Chao Yuan ,&nbsp;Hang Song ,&nbsp;Kai Wang ,&nbsp;Xue Jiang ,&nbsp;Lei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100570","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100570","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Basil seed gum (BSG), a natural vegetable gum, was extracted by ethanol precipitation method using basil seeds as raw material. Based on the single factor experiments, Box-Behnken response surface test was performed to optimize the extraction conditions, and the physicochemical and functional properties of the extracted basil seed gum, as well as its microstructure, were analyzed in detail. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions of basil seed gum were as follows: liquid-to-feed ratio of 62:1, temperature of 50 °C, extraction time of 29.50 min, and pH = 8.1, with yield of 11.28 %. BSG was mainly composed of total sugars (93.09 %), uronic acid (18.83 %), proteins (2.77 %), and ash (4.35 %), and its monosaccharides included D-(+)-anhydrous glucose (58.26 %), D-galactose (21.40 %), D-mannose (11.96 %), D-(+)-galacturonic acid (7.82 %), D-arabinose (0.28 %), D-(+)-xylose (0.28 %), and L-rhamnose (0.002 %). Comparative analysis of the functional properties of basil seed gum and three commercial vegetable gums (linseed gum, caraway seed gum, guar gum) showed that basil seed gum had excellent water retention properties, and its water absorption and water holding properties were much better than those of three commercial gums. Rheological characterization showed that BSG was a pseudoplastic fluid with high zero-shear viscosity. In addition, the basil seed gum powder showed an irregular flaky fibrous structure under microscope and was a semi-crystalline polymer. In view of the high aqueous absorption and retention properties of basil seed gum, it has promising applications in food, cosmetic and medical devices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100570"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141964131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges in using DNA barcodes for authentication of Sida species","authors":"Rahul P.R.,&nbsp;Aysha K.M.,&nbsp;Geetha S. Pillai,&nbsp;Sadheeshna Kumari S.,&nbsp;Indira Balachandran","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Indian system of medicine’s “Ayurvedic pharmacopeia of India (API)” recommends the use of <em>Sida cordifolia</em> Linn (root), <em>Sida cordata</em> (Burm.f.) Borss.Waalk. (aerial part), <em>Sida rhombifolia</em> Linn. (root) and <em>Abutilon indicum</em> (Linn.) Sw. (root) in drug preparations of Bala, Nagabala, Mahabala and Atibala respectively. Moreover many Sida sp. are being used in China, South East Asia, Africa and South America in their traditional healthcare systems. It is a taxonomically complex genus often difficult to authenticate from dried/chopped herbal market samples. Many Sida sequences from the NCBI database, including published reports, were highly suspect and were redesignated into species groups during phylogenetic clustering. Among the four loci studied, ITS2 region was identified as the best for the Sida species identification followed by trnH-psbA. The trnH-psbA phylogeny however fails to differentiate between (1) <em>S. beddomei</em> and <em>S. cordata</em>, (2) <em>S. alnifolia</em> and <em>S. scabrida</em>, (3) <em>S. cordifolia</em> and <em>S. fryxellii</em> that formed monophyletic clusters. The average evolutionary divergence over Sequence Pairs within each species group for ITS2 locus ranged from 0.000 to 0.009 (Average=0.0021), while average Interspecific distance between species was 0.1175 making them ideal for authentication of <em>Sida</em> species. The <em>matK</em> and <em>rbcL</em> is recommended as a back-up loci for identifying intergeneric adulterants in case, the ITS2 or trnH-psbA amplification fails. The present study identified two market samples as adulterant species; (1) <em>S. alnifolia</em> and (2) a mixture of <em>S. acuta</em> and <em>S. alnifolia/S.scabrida</em>. The study provides a roadmap for Ayurvedic/herbal industry to utilize DNA barcoding for authentication of <em>Sida</em> species. At the same time the presence of “Unknown Sida group” highlights the need for further research to accurately classify and identify all Sida species at the phylogenetic level, utilizing the DNA barcode sequences to thoroughly understand the diversity and evolution of the Sida genus.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100569"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141850394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the chemogeographical variation of a commercially important medicinal tree (Prunus africana (Hook.f.) Kalkman) using a metabolomics approach","authors":"Emmanuel Rubegeta ,&nbsp;Felix Makolo ,&nbsp;Guy Kamatou ,&nbsp;Weiyang Chen ,&nbsp;Sidonie Tankeu ,&nbsp;Chinedu Anokwuru ,&nbsp;Seethapathy G. Saroja ,&nbsp;Jianping Zhao ,&nbsp;Ikhlas A. Khan ,&nbsp;Margaux Lim Ah Tock ,&nbsp;Efficient Ncube ,&nbsp;Alvaro Viljoen","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100568","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;The stem-bark of &lt;em&gt;Prunus africana&lt;/em&gt; (Hook.f.) Kalkman (African cherry) is traditionally used for the treatment of stomach ache, chest pain, malaria, fever, diabetes and high blood pressure. A large number of constituents have been isolated from the stem-bark including β-sitosterol and ursolic acid, which were reported to have anti-inflammatory activity. The aim of the study was to establish chemotypic variation among &lt;em&gt;Prunus africana&lt;/em&gt; samples collected from three African countries, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Zimbabwe. Ninety-five stem-bark samples were collected from a total of nineteen populations, 11 in Cameroon (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; = 55), 4 in Democratic Republic of Congo (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; = 20) and 4 in Zimbabwe (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; = 20). The samples were extracted with ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and methanol (1 g in 10 mL, 1 g in 10 mL and 2 mg in 5 µL, respectively). Chemometric analysis of chromatographic data obtained from high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS), one-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (1D GC–ToF–MS) and spectroscopic data obtained from proton nuclear magnetic resonance (&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;H NMR) were done using MetaboAnalyst 4.0 software to explore chemotypic variation. A sample from each country was analysed by two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (2D GC–ToF–MS) to resolve compounds that co-eluted in the 1D GC analysis. Quantification of selected compounds (β-sitosterol and ursolic acid) were done using a validated ultra performance liquid chromatography-photodiode-array detection (UPLC–PDA) method. The chemical profiles obtained from each of the four techniques were very similar for the samples from each country. The HPTLC profiles for Zimbabwe samples were distinctly different from the other two countries with a unique band at R&lt;sub&gt;&lt;em&gt;f&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; value of 0.80. Multivariate analysis of the HPTLC data (using &lt;em&gt;r&lt;/em&gt;TLC software), UPLC–MS, 1D GC–ToF–MS and &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;H–NMR data revealed three clusters that were country specific. Chemometric analysis through the construction of PCA and a PLS–DA scores plots was performed, followed by the construction of variable important in projection plots, whereby marker compounds contributing significantly to the separation of the three clusters were selected and tentatively identified. Quantitative analysis revealed that samples from Zimbabwe contained higher levels of β-sitosterol (29.2 – 119 µg/g dry weight (DW) of the extract) compared to DRC and Cameroon, while samples from Cameroon were found to contain the highest levels of ursolic acid (1.80 – 141 µg/g DW of the extract). HPTLC, UPLC–MS, 1D and 2D GC–ToF–MS and &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;H–NMR are valid tools for quality control of &lt;em&gt;P. africana&lt;/em&gt; plant materials after revealing three clusters of samples collected from the three countries. Cameroon samples had hi","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100568"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221478612400041X/pdfft?md5=70e304a9669a91e124ec03bec106ccb7&pid=1-s2.0-S221478612400041X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141847202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of SSR markers related to agarwood production and genetic diversity of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Spreng wild populations","authors":"Jieru Xu ,&nbsp;Ruyue Du ,&nbsp;Kunlin Wu ,&nbsp;Jinhui Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Aquilaria sinensis</em> (Lour.) Spreng is an economically important tree that produces agarwood when subjected to mechanical wounding. However, the information regarding its heredity is limited. The breeding of <em>A. sinensis</em> has been hindered due to ambiguity in the sources of germplasm, genetic background, and varietal information. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are ideal for studying genetic diversity and germplasm identification in plants. They offer the advantages of high polymorphism, good reproducibility, and co–dominance. Here, we mined SSR markers within agarwood–inducing genes and used them to explore the genetic diversity among <em>A. sinensis</em> natural germplasm. A total of 407 SSR loci were identified within 92 genes. We designed 96 primer pairs, among which 16 showed polymorphism and were subsequently used to analyze the genetic diversity and population structure of 179 <em>A. sinensis</em> individuals. A total of 107 alleles were identified, with an average of 7 alleles per locus, and their polymorphism information content ranged between 0.424 and 0.769, with an average of 0.569. The analysis of molecular variance revealed that genetic variation within the individuals accounted for 94 % of the total variation, inditing that the variation of <em>A. sinensis</em> is derived from individual variation. Furthermore, the structure analysis indicated that the natural populations of <em>A. sinensis</em> could be theoretically divided into 16 subgroups. The 16 polymorphic SSRs had strong cross–species transferability and distinguished individuals of <em>A. agallochum</em> (Lour.) Roxb. ex Finl. and <em>A. malaccensis</em> Lam. Taken together, these findings provide a useful resource for germplasm identification and molecular marker–assisted breeding of <em>A. sinensis</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100565"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221478612400038X/pdfft?md5=18f29083487b9cec124f8719eab79cf4&pid=1-s2.0-S221478612400038X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141838469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of short-term storage on cannabinoid content of dried floral hemp (Cannabis sativa L) inflorescence","authors":"Stuart Lumu ,&nbsp;Harlene Hatterman-Valenti ,&nbsp;Ademola Hammed ,&nbsp;Ewumbua Monono","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Floral hemp, a plant rich in cannabinoids, has gained attention for its potential therapeutic properties. It is crucial to have proper storage conditions that will maintain the cannabinoid content. To the best of our knowledge, very little has been done on the storage conditions of dried floral hemp. Hence, this study investigated the effect of storage conditions like moisture content, temperature, storage time, light exposure, and packaging materials, on cannabinoid stability in dried floral hemp. The cultivar ‘Quick Spectrum’ at two moisture levels (8.5 and 4.5 %) was stored over a 6-month storage period. Results indicated that a higher amount of cannabinoids samples was retained at 8.5 ± 1 % moisture compared to samples at 4.5 ± 0.5 %, even though total CBD, total ∆9-THC, and total CBDV content remained statistically the same throughout the storage period, and was not affected by temperature, lighting, and packaging material. In contrast, certain individual cannabinoids, such as CBDVA, CBD, ∆9-THCA, and ∆9-THC were significantly affected by temperature and lighting. Notably, higher storage temperatures (22 °C) and light exposure (F15T8/F5 fluorescent light) increased the degradation and decarboxylation rate of cannabinoids. These findings showed the importance of optimized storage conditions for floral hemp, especially long-term storage. This will help provide standardized storage protocols to aid producers, testing laboratories, distributors, and consumers in making informed decisions about storage practices and advancing quality control in the hemp industry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100567"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141713281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the efficacy of hormonal treatments and pre-sowing techniques on seed germination of Salvia rosmarinus Spenn","authors":"Romaan Nazir ,&nbsp;Roof Ul Qadir ,&nbsp;Mytoullah Yousuf ,&nbsp;Phalisteen Sultan ,&nbsp;Irshad A. Nawchoo ,&nbsp;Qazi Parvaiz Hassan","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Salvia rosmarinus</em> Spenn. (Rosemary) holds significant value in medicinal and aromatic applications, serving as a key ingredient in pharmaceuticals, food products, and cosmetics. While many plant species benefit from seed-based propagation, <em>S. rosmarinus</em> poses a challenge due to its mucilaginous seed coating. As a result, germination rates often remain low, ranging from 10 % to 20 %, leading to irregular crop establishment. This study aimed to explore the efficacy of hormonal and other pre-sowing treatments on seed germination of <em>S. rosmarinus</em>. Four distinct treatments were evaluated including physical (sandpaper scarification, dry heat, hot and cold water stratification), chemical (sulphuric acid, hydrogen peroxide, and potassium nitrate), hormonal treatments (GA₃, IAA, and BAP), combination of pre-chilling and hormonal, as well as different potting media combinations, which were compared against an untreated control. All pre-sowing seed treatments, except for hot water, dry heat, chemical treatments, and nanozim, resulted in increased seed germination percentages in <em>S. rosmarinus</em> compared to the control group. Among the different treatments, the combination of pre-chilling + GA₃ and pre-chilling + soil: sand (1:1) treatment resulted in the highest germination percentages of 59.33 % and 63.83 %, compared with those in the control where the germination was 6.83 % and 0.67 %. Potassium nitrate (0.3 % for 3 min) was found to be the most effective chemical treatment with a germination percentage of 24.83 % and seedling vigor index of 3.93 ± 0.69. Pre-chilling treatment for 21 days was the most successful physical treatment, with a germination percentage of 36.66 % and a mean germination time of 17.45 ± 1.34 days. The germination percentage improved with increasing GA₃ concentration up to 150 ppm, beyond which a decline in trend was seen. These findings suggest that understanding the seed germination ecology of <em>S. rosmarinus</em> is crucial for developing seed germination protocols that can enhance mass multiplication with a shorter germination period, ultimately increasing the species' regeneration capability and preserving its variety in nature. This practical and economical approach can help to achieve consistent germination and seedling emergence in nursery raising as well.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100564"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141710141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time-dependent changes in quality of Apiaceae spices under synergistic effects of ultraviolet radiation and hermetic storage","authors":"Liela M. Ali,&nbsp;Mohamed M. El-kholy,&nbsp;Reham M. Kamel","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the combined effects of ultraviolet radiation (UV-C) and hermetic storage on the quality of Apiaceae spices intended for consumption after long-term storage. Anise, fennel, caraway, and cumin seeds were exposed to UV radiation for 0 (control) and 25 min of UV-C. Subsequently, the seeds were packed into jute and multilayers of polyethylene hermetic bags (120, 150, and 160 <span><math><mrow><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span> with an antifungal coating) and stored in a naturally aerated storage room for 12 months. During the storage period, the ambient conditions ranged from 17.2 °C to 30.5 °C and from 59.3 % to 62.8 % RH. While the jute bags maintained the ambient conditions, the hermetic bags had significantly (P&lt; 0.05) decreased temperature and relative humidity, depending on the packaging type and UV-C treatment. The seed moisture content increased significantly (P&lt; 0.05) during storage. The increase percentage reached (20.5–24 %) in jute bags containing untreated seeds, whereas the 150 <span><math><mrow><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span> and antifungal bags containing UV-treated seeds had the lowest increase percentage (0.3–4.0 %). By the end of the storage period, the hermetic bags containing fennel-treated seeds had the highest significant (CO₂/O₂) ratio of 163.8. UV-C efficiently suppressed microorganisms and insect infestation, particularly in seeds stored in the 150 <span><math><mrow><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span> and antifungal bags. After 6 months of storage, the jute bags had 465–578 insects/kg. The results show that hermetic conditions maintained the phenolic content and antioxidants of Apiaceae spices, particularly with UV-treated seed. Based on the findings, pretreating Apiaceae seeds with UV-C sterilization is recommended prior to storage in hermetic bags. This approach is expected to accelerate the start of optimal hermetic conditions, thereby enhancing seed quality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100566"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141699518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthetic cultivar development in cumin: Enhancing yield and drought tolerance","authors":"Mahdieh Arshadi-Bidgoli ,&nbsp;Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Mortazavian ,&nbsp;Hanieh Khavali ,&nbsp;Mojtaba Ranjbar ,&nbsp;Ali Izadi-Darbandi","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cumin (<em>Cuminum cyminum</em> L.) is a valuable spice crop with medicinal properties belonging to the Apiaceae family. While farmers often favor the cultivation of cumin, low seed yield, particularly under drought stress, poses challenges to its commercial production. Due to cumin small flowers, self-incompatibility, and cross-pollination attributes, the production of synthetic varieties through polycross breeding can be an effective method for improving seed performance and enhancing drought tolerance in cumin. This study, for the first time, investigates the breeding progress of cumin in three populations over two generations. The first generation resulting from polycross breeding (SYN2 population), along with parental genotypes, was evaluated for agro-morphological traits under normal and low-water irrigation conditions in two locations and compared with the SYN1 population. Additionally, genetic diversity among parental genotypes, SYN1, and SYN2 populations was examined using Start Codon Targeted Polymorphism (SCoT) markers. Low water stress negatively affected all studied traits, except for essential oil content. Improved seed yield, increased drought tolerance, and higher cuminaldehyde content were observed in the SYN2 population compared to parental genotypes. Estimation of genetic parameters indicated a higher heritability and heterosis for traits in the SYN1 population compared to SYN2. Furthermore, trait heritability in the SYN2 population was higher under normal irrigation condition than under water stress. The highest narrow-sense heritability in both SYN1 and SYN2 populations was associated with the thousand-seed weight. Positive and significant phenotypic and genotypic correlations between thousand-seed weight and seed yield were observed in the SYN1 population, while the SYN2 population exhibited the least negative impact of drought stress on this trait. Grouping populations through cluster analysis and principal coordinate analysis based on both molecular and agro-morphological data showed complete concordance, effectively distinguishing cumin populations from one another. The SCoT molecular marker confirmed the homogeneity of the improved populations, demonstrating high efficiency in assessing intra- and inter-population diversity. Molecular variance analysis revealed lower within-population diversity (29 %) compared to between-population diversity (71 %). Among populations, SYN1, equivalent to F2 generation, exhibited the highest level of molecular diversity based on diversity indices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100563"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141690802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of pruning intensity on biomass and essential oil yield in wild paramela (Adesmia boronioides Hook f.)","authors":"Nicolás Nagahama ,&nbsp;Silvia B. González ,&nbsp;Marta G. Grech ,&nbsp;Daiana S. Retta","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Adesmia boronioides</em> Hook. f<em>.</em> (known as paramela), a member of the Fabaceae family, is native to Argentinean and Chilean Patagonia. Its leaves and young stems are used in the traditional health care system of these countries to treat rheumatic pains, colds, digestive disorders, and respiratory congestion. Paramela presents excellent organoleptic qualities and is attracting growing commercial interest. In recent years the gathering of plant material from natural populations for the extraction and export of essential oils has increased; however, no studies exist on harvest management for this species. In this study plants from a natural <em>A. boronioides</em> population underwent three different pruning treatments (light, medium and heavy) and their response in biomass production and the yield and quality of their essential oils was evaluated over four consecutive years. Of the different pruning intensities, the medium level generated the greatest amount of biomass for all years (p&lt; 0.001) even though the increase seen in production up to the third harvest was followed by a marked decrease. By applying a medium pruning level for two consecutive years on the same plants, we achieved up to 112 % more biomass and 116 % higher essential oil yield compared to the initial pruning. Under the heavy pruning treatment 10 % of the plants died after the second consecutive pruning. Furthermore, we compared the yield and qualitative characteristics of essential oils (EO) over the first three years under the medium pruning level. We observed that EO yields increased after successive pruning, but the chemical compositions (GC-FID-MS) were not significantly affected in the years evaluated. These results provide valuable information for the design of sustainable harvesting protocols for <em>A. boronioides</em> and indicate ways to improve the yield in biomass and essential oils from wild populations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100562"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141622942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptional regulation modulates saponin biosynthesis of Panax notoginseng response to root knot nematodes","authors":"Kuixiu Li ,&nbsp;Manqiao Li ,&nbsp;XuYan Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaoyun Xian ,&nbsp;Guanghui Zhang ,&nbsp;Bing Hao ,&nbsp;Yan Zhao ,&nbsp;Fugang Wei ,&nbsp;Shengchao Yang ,&nbsp;Guanze Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Root knot nematodes (RKNs) are highly destructive pests that pose a negative impact on the growth of <em>Panax notoginseng</em> and also affect its quality. <em>P. notoginseng</em> is widely known for its medicinal properties regarded to ginsenosides which are chemically triterpene saponins. However, the effect of RKNs infection on the saponin content in the roots and the transcriptional regulation mechanisms of their synthesis are not well understood. Our study aimed to assess the impact on saponin content and investigate the expression pattern of key genes related to saponin synthesis in RKN-infected <em>P. notoginseng</em>. Our results highlight that RKNs infection significantly affected the content of notoginseng R1 in the main root, with a major impact on the levels of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 in lateral roots. Furthermore, the expression of saponin synthesis key genes in RKN-infected <em>P. notoginseng</em> varied as compared with the healthy plant. Specifically, various genes including <em>HMGS2</em>, <em>DS1</em>, and <em>DS2</em>, were up-regulated in response to RKNs infection of grade I and II. In contrast, except for <em>DXS5</em>, various genes were down-regulated when the infection degree of RKNs reached grade II and III. In addition, our study highlights the strong correlation between transcription factor families and triterpenoid saponin synthesis genes, such as <em>AP2/ERF-ERF</em>, <em>bHLH</em>, <em>WRKY</em>, <em>GRAS</em> and <em>MYB</em>. It was found that the expression pattern of the PnMYB61 transcription factor closely reflected that of squalene epoxidase (<em>SE2</em>), a key gene that controls the biosynthesis of 2,3-oxidosqualene, following RKNs infection. Molecular docking analysis also suggested that PnMYB61 may play a crucial regulatory role in expression of SE2 protein. Overall, our findings contribute to the quality evaluation of RKN-infected <em>P. notoginseng</em> roots and provide valuable insights into the identification of key regulators involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100560"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141483869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}