Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants最新文献

{"title":"Enhancing phenolic compounds recovery from Arnica montana L. flowers through optimized green extraction protocols","authors":"Paula Garcia-Oliveira,&nbsp;Franklin Chamorro,&nbsp;Jesus Simal-Gandara,&nbsp;Miguel A. Prieto,&nbsp;Lucía Cassani","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100600","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100600","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study aimed to optimize the extraction conditions (time, temperature, and ethanol concentration) of pressurized-liquid and microwave-assisted extraction (PLE and MAE, respectively) to maximize the recovery of phenolic compounds from <em>Arnica montana</em> flowers. To this aim, response surface methodology (RSM) with an experimental design was applied. The studied variable responses were extraction yield and total phenolic content (TPC), expressed as mg/g of sample dry weight (dw) and mg/g of extract. For PLE, the models showed a good adjusted R² coefficient (0.75–0.92) and no significant lack of fit. MAE models also showed good adjustment, except for TPC expressed per g of dw, where the model showed a significant lack of fit and was not suitable for optimization. The optimal PLE conditions that maximized all response variables were 11 min, 125 °C and 76 % ethanol in water. For MAE, the optimal conditions were 25 min, 115 °C, and 76 % ethanol. Comparing the predicted values, PLE significantly surpassed MAE in terms of TPC, obtaining 389 compared to 246 mg of total phenolics/g of extract for MAE. Validation experiments confirmed the suitability of the predictive models. In the case of PLE, employing extraction cycles under optimal conditions improved phenolic compound extraction, with three extraction cycles leading to a 104 % increase in TPC. Overall, the optimized PLE protocol was considered an efficient methodology for obtaining rich-phenolic extracts, contributing to the expansion of current industrial applications of <em>A. montana</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100600"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of value adding components from postharvest biomass of Thai medicinal cannabis var. Hang Kra Rog Phu Phan","authors":"Piyachat Sunanta ,&nbsp;Thanarat Sombat ,&nbsp;Jiramet Moaphadungkul ,&nbsp;Sirin Chaemthet ,&nbsp;Marcus Nagle ,&nbsp;Cassie Bakshani ,&nbsp;William Willats ,&nbsp;Jiraporn Sangta ,&nbsp;Sarana Sommano","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thailand has undertaken regulatory reforms to facilitate the cultivation and commercialisation of Cannabis sativa L. for medicinal purposes. The prominent cannabis strain in Thailand is Hang Kra Rog Phu Phan (HRPP), distinguished for its high tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content. The recent adoption of a biocircular approach within the industry reflects a commitment to minimising losses and enhancing value-added processes. However, there is limited information on biomass generation from the postharvest management of this cannabis strain and the development of value-added products. This study aims to address this gap by conducting a survey of local cannabis farms and evaluating the quantity of cannabis biomass by-product materials resulting from the production process. According to the survey, stems were the most abundant materials followed by leaves and roots. These by-products were subsequently gathered and examined for its chemical components. The results of proximate analysis highlighted that the dried leaves had a high protein content up to 19.27 %, the highest in three types of biomasses. The composition of fat, fibre, ash, and carbohydrates varies depending on the type of biomass. By using sequential extraction, it was found that the extraction yield of pectin in the leaf materials was as high as 13.82 %, and in the stem part, it was at 13.02 %. Meanwhile, cellulose was found in the highest proportion from the roots, at 83.77 %. Confirmation of the composition of polysaccharides using microarray profiling revealed that these biomasses contain various types of polysaccharides (pectin, cellulose, hemicellulose). Analysis of bioactive compounds revealed that the total phenolic and total flavonoid content were the highest in the leaf biomass, consisting of 11.57 and 14.91 mg/g DM, respectively. The leaves also had the highest antioxidant activity. Quantitative analysis of the metabolites in the leaves found contents of rosmarinic acid 2.55 mg/g DM, catechin 2.33 mg/g DM, vanillin 2.32 mg/g DM and in the cannabinoid group, the highest quantity of cannabinol (CBN) 2.63 mg/g DM was found. The findings from this study could serve as a guideline for utilising biomass generated from the production process of cannabis that could be used for pharmaceutical, food, and feed purposes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100593"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infrared-spectrum-effect combined with deep learning to predict the origin of Gentiana rigescens Franch.","authors":"Mingyu Han ,&nbsp;Tao Shen ,&nbsp;Yuanzhong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100599","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100599","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Gentiana rigescens</em> Franch. (GR) is a high-value medicinal plant and is widely used as food additive and beverage. Due to the influence of the environment, the accumulation of active ingredients of GR from different origins varies and produces different brand values, which is of great significance for the certification of the GR origin. This study employs the infrared-spectrum-effect to reflect the differences among different origins. The partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and data-driven version of SIMCA (DD-SIMCA) models were used to determine origin. The Residual Neural Network (ResNet) model was constructed using two-dimensional correlation spectra (2DCOS) and three-dimensional correlation spectra (3DCOS) to discriminate between different origins. Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) was used to screen out environmental variables that have a significant effect on the accumulation of active ingredients. The conclusion is that the ResNet model based on synchronous 2DCOS and 3DCOS has better performance, the accuracy of training and test sets were 100 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100599"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound-cellulase synergy for the extraction of total flavonoids from Astragali complanati Semen and its antioxidant properties","authors":"Fangyuan Zheng,&nbsp;Jie Yan,&nbsp;Miyi Zhu,&nbsp;Chunlin Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100597","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study was conducted to optimize ultrasound-cellulase synergy extraction (UCSE) process of flavonoids from <em>Astragali complanati</em> Semen (ACS) adopting response surface methodology (RSM). The extraction efficiency of different extraction progress by UCSE under the 240 W and 480 W were compared, and the antioxidant activities were evaluated <em>in vitro</em>. The effects of five independent variables (cellulase addition, liquid-solid ratio, extraction time, extraction temperature, and ultrasonic power) on the extraction efficiency were explored, and four major factors (cellulase addition, liquid-solid ratio, extraction temperature and ultrasonic power) showing great influences were chosen to study their interactions by RSM. The relationships between ultrasound power 240 W and 480 W on substrates and cellulase were further explored by scanning electron microscopy and 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method, respectively. The antioxidant activities on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) radical (ABTS⁺) were evaluated <em>in vitro</em>. The optimal conditions: cellulase addition 930 U/g, liquid-solid ratio 24 mL/g, extraction time 75 min, extraction temperature 64^°C and ultrasonic power 234 W, under the adjusted conditions, the extraction rate was 1.937 g/100 g ACS. Ultrasound power 240 W assisted extraction with cellulase improved the extraction efficiency of the antioxidant. From scanning electron microscopy, the substrate particles were finer and the pores were larger under the function of 240 W, and the enzyme activity test further determined that 480 W could reduce the effect of the cellulase. The UCSE extract exhibited great antioxidant activity <em>in vitro,</em> the IC₅₀ of DPPH is 11.851 µg/mL, and of ABTS⁺ is 23.426 µg/mL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100597"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging genetics to support forensic toxicology analysis: Demonstrating concordance among marijuana samples","authors":"Michele Di Nunzio ,&nbsp;Maria Pieri ,&nbsp;David Gangitano ,&nbsp;Ciro Di Nunzio ,&nbsp;Nadia Tinto ,&nbsp;Massimo Niola ,&nbsp;Carme Barrot-Feixat","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Cannabis sativa</em> is an important plant for industrial purposes. Indeed, it is legal to cultivate and supply authorized low level Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) cannabis plants for fiber and seeds (i.e., 0.2 % according to the European Union regulation on drugs). Today, chromatography/mass spectrometry-based procedures are successfully applied to determine THC concentration. Unfortunately, when cannabis samples have been degraded because wrongfully stored, toxicological results were affected, altering the final status of legal sample or illegal sample. Rather, genetic identification could give more information about the identity of these plants. For this reason, a degradation study was run to support how genetics can help to detect concordance in cannabis highly-degraded samples. Forty cannabis sub-samples were stored (for one week, two weeks, one month and two months) in auto-sealing bag to assess the effects of a wrong cannabis storage on weight reduction, genomic DNA changes, and corresponding STR profiles. Once respective time-period elapsed, each sub-sample’s weight was measured, the percentage weight loss calculated, and the genomic DNA was extracted and quantified, obtaining a complete STR profile for all samples. Furthermore, the aim of this study was to assess the same 13-loci short tandem repeat (STR) multiplex system used for the degradation experiment and evaluate the power of such markers in the identification and discrimination of highly degraded cannabis samples coming from real cases. The results of this study demonstrated that the 13-loci STR multiplex system successfully achieved the objective both for industry and forensic purposes. For each sample, all 13 loci were amplified, and degraded samples were correctly identified, suggesting that genetic typification could be a useful tool. The proposed procedure could be parallelly applied to toxicology analysis to detect if vegetable sample become from authorized plant, to help courts track back illegal samples or to achieve illegal cannabis genetic profiles for further comparison.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100598"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diosgenin production from Dioscorea zingiberensis tubers by novel pressurized hydrolysis in acidic ionic liquids","authors":"Guohua Xia ,&nbsp;Yangguang Dai ,&nbsp;Jinwei Zhou ,&nbsp;Mingjing Zhang ,&nbsp;Minjun Wang ,&nbsp;Huan Yang ,&nbsp;Yuping Shen ,&nbsp;Pengfei Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diosgenin (25R-spirost-en-3β-ol; CAS No.: 512–04–9), a plant-derived natural product, has significant importance for manufacturing steroid-based drugs. It is primarily prepared by direct acid hydrolysis, but this out-of-date process is not environmentally friendly. In recent decades, ionic liquids have shown good potential to replace conventional organic solvents in many fields. The aim of this study was to develop a novel approach for diosgenin production, in which the acidic ionic liquid [BHSO₃MIm]HSO₄ was employed under pressurised conditions to hydrolyse the crude saponin of <em>Dioscorea zingiberensis</em> C. H. Wright tubers for the first time. The hydrolysis conditions were optimised through a one-factor-at-a-time experiment, and the maximum yield of diosgenin was achieved at 3.71 ± 0.18 % with an ionic liquid concentration of 0.5 M, a solid–liquid ratio of 1:30 g/mL, a hydrolysis temperature of 140°C, and a hydrolysis duration of 0.5 h. The diosgenin yield was 75.67 % of the maximum yield after six consecutive applications of [BHSO₃MIm]HSO₄. The yield achieved was comparable to pressurised acid hydrolysis and microwave-assisted ionic liquid hydrolysis and significantly higher than that of direct acid hydrolysis (<em>P</em>&lt;0.01). Meanwhile, catalyst consumption was 0.123 mol/g diosgenin, which was much lower than that of microwave-assisted ionic liquid hydrolysis (0.600 mol/g). Moreover, the hydrolysis reaction was completed within 0.5 h, which was only one-third of the conventional pressurized acid hydrolysis. This newly established method has significant merit in hydrolysis duration and is associated with decreased catalyst consumption, and [BHSO₃MIm]HSO₄ is of good reusability, making it a greener and more economical method for diosgenin preparation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100596"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound and low-pressure supercritical CO2 extraction: A synergistic approach to hemp seed oil extraction","authors":"Rattana Muangrat ,&nbsp;Yongyut Chalermchat ,&nbsp;Thanyaporn Siriwoharn ,&nbsp;Wachira Jirarattanarangsri ,&nbsp;Pipat Tangjaidee ,&nbsp;Israpong Pongsirikul ,&nbsp;Supachet Pannasai","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Supercritical CO₂ extraction was employed to acquire cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol (CBN), and tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) at temperatures ranging from 40 to 60 °C. The highest yields of cannabinoids were achieved under reduced pressure conditions of 200 bar. Ultrasonication pretreatment on hemp seeds prior extraction showed little impact on chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. Oils extracted from ultrasonically treated hemp seeds exhibited a higher total phenolic content at 200 bar and 50 °C for 3 h compared to treatment at 600 bar and 50 °C for 1 h, correlating with the antioxidant activities. Analysis of the extracted hemp seed oil showed elevated levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly linoleic acid. The extracted hemp seed oils showed polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids (PUFAs/SFAs) ratios of 6.58–7.22, n-6/n-3 ratios of 3.96–4.18, and index of atherogenicity (IA) values ranging from 0.07 to 0.09. Thrombogenic potential, reflected by index of thrombogenicity (IT) values, varied between 0.12 and 0.13 in the extracted oils. Hydrogen/hydrocarbon (H/H) ratios for hemp seed oils were between 11.66 and 13.28. Ultrasonication pretreatment significantly altered cannabinoid profiles of the oils. Low pressure extraction favored CBDA and THCA, while high pressure extraction negatively impacted all cannabinoids. In addition, the ultrasonic pre-treatment of hemp seeds before supercritical CO₂ extraction minimally affected fatty acid composition and nutritional indices, including PUFAs/SFAs ratio, n-6/n-3 ratio, IA and IT values, and H/H ratio. A combination of pretreatment and low-pressure extraction at 50 °C better maintained stability of the oil during storage at 25 °C than high pressure extraction. Conversely, untreated oil extracted at high pressure exhibited the lowest peroxide values after a prolonged storage at 55 °C, suggesting complex interactions between pretreatment, extraction, and storage conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100595"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering the genotypic superiority of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) for yield and quality traits under three contrasting production systems","authors":"Raghuveer Silaru ,&nbsp;Prasath Duraisamy ,&nbsp;Yuvaraj Kotha Madduri ,&nbsp;Aarthi Sounderarajan ,&nbsp;Srinivasan Veeraraghavan ,&nbsp;Krishnamurthy Kuntagodu Subraya","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Turmeric (<em>Curcuma longa</em> L.) is a high-value spice and medicinal crop in the family Zingiberaceae. Growth, yield, and quality are influenced by geographical factors, production conditions, and climatic factors such as temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, and light. Breeding for controlled environments requires a focus on specific plant traits, like rapid growth, adaptability to low light conditions, and manipulation of plant size. Genotypes with maximum genetic plasticity are ideal for these conditions. The cultivation of turmeric must accelerate to meet demands for a increased yield and quality while minimizing environmental impact, achievable through controlled-environment production systems. Our study aims to identify superior turmeric genotypes for high yield and quality under controlled production systems, including vertical structures and greenhouse conditions. Results showed significant variation among 21 genotypes across three different production systems in terms of yield, dry recovery, oleoresin, essential oil, and curcuminoids. CIM Pitambar (185.76), Acc. 849 (176.50), Acc. 214 (149.50), and IISR Pragati (148.74) demonstrated superior fresh rhizome yield per clump under vertical structures. IISR Pragati performed well in both under greenhouse (959.08 g) and field condition (635.95 g). High recovery of cured turmeric was recorded in Acc. 14 (23.20 %) under vertical structures, Chhattisgarh Haldi 2 (25.60 %) under greenhouse and Uttar Rangini (23.14 %) under field conditions. Waigon Turmeric outperformed all other genotypes for oleoresin and essential oil contents and was found to be significantly higher across the production systems. The curcuminoids varied significantly and ranged from 0.12 % to 6.65 % across three production systems. Waigon Turmeric (2.13 %) was found to be superior for vertical structures, IISR Pragati (3.62 %) for greenhouse and IISR Prathiba (6.18 %) for field conditions. Greenhouse condition was found to be the best environment followed by field condition for fresh rhizome yield and essential oil content, whereas field condition was best for dry recovery, oleoresin and curcuminoids content. Our findings suggested that yield and quality are affected by the environments, and yield was found to be best in the greenhouse and quality traits performed best in field conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100592"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative study of pulsed electric field, ultrasound, milling and soaking as pre-treatments for assistance in the extraction of polyphenols from willow bark (Salix alba)","authors":"Liwen Zheng,&nbsp;Selene Pedrós-Garrido,&nbsp;James G. Lyng,&nbsp;Jean Christophe Jacquier,&nbsp;Niamh Harbourne","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100591","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100591","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>White willow (<em>Salix alba</em>) has a long history of use as an herbal remedy for treating common pain and inflammation. Pre-treatment is a crucial step that assists the subsequent extraction process and may affect the extraction efficiency of polyphenols from plant materials. The objective of this work was to study the impact of pre-treatment methods on the hot water extraction of polyphenols from willow bark. Pulsed electric field (PEF) and ultrasound (US) pre-treatments were compared to commonly used pre-treatment methods, milling and soaking. All pre-treatments significantly increased the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) in willow extracts. At a similar energy level, PEF with 400 pulses yielded a higher TPC (44.33 mg GAE/g d.w.) and antioxidant activity (DPPH of 74.58 mg AAE/g and FRAP of 186.41 mmol TE/g) than US pre-treated samples, but a small increase in ultrasonic energy resulted in the highest TPC (46.20 mg GAE/g d.w.) and antioxidant activity (DPPH of 76.18 mg AAE/g and FRAP of 220.20 mmol TE/g) of all the pre-treatments. Compared with PEF and US, milling (42.69 mg GAE/g d.w.) and soaking (40.29 mg GAE/g d.w.) were less effective in recovering polyphenols but they were comparable with PEF and US when employed at low energy levels. Overall results indicate emerging technologies PEF and US can be alternatives to milling to enhance the extractability of polyphenols and to reduce energy consumption. The obtained willow extracts were a rich source of polyphenols that could be used for food and pharmaceutical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100591"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arthropods pest complex and associated natural enemies across different phenological growth stages of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal) in India: Insights for developing integrated pest management strategies for sustainable production","authors":"Santosh C. Kedar ,&nbsp;M. Annamalai ,&nbsp;Sunil Joshi ,&nbsp;Omprakash Navik ,&nbsp;K.M. Kumaranag ,&nbsp;P.R. Shashank","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100590","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Withania somnifera</em> (L.) Dunal, commonly known as ashwagandha, is one of the 55 species prioritized by the National Medicinal Plant Board, India. It is pharmacologically, an exceptional medicinal plant used in ayurvedic and indigenous medicinal systems. Damage by insect pests is a crucial obstruction for the industrially and commercially supreme medicinal plant, ashwagandha. Studies on a long-term basis to catalogue different arthropod pests damaging ashwagandha, their peak activity period, the vulnerability of the crop stage, natural enemies associated with recorded insect pests and their activity period were still unexplored. The current study was carried out for three consecutive years and recorded wholly 54 species of arthropods causing injury to the ashwagandha crop across different phenological crop growth stages, and 32 species of natural enemies managing these corresponding insect pests. Of the observed phytophagous arthropods, the Hemipteran species (61 %) were dominant, followed by Coleoptera (13 %), Lepidoptera (9 %), and Orthoptera (9 %). Here we explored the arthropod pest assemblage such as sap suckers (65 %), defoliators (33 %), and root feeders (2 %) infesting ashwagandha in the subtropical region of India. Amongst these pests, <em>Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata</em> (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) appeared as a major threat to the quality raw material production of ashwagandha. The full blossom with the initiation of berries was found to be a more vulnerable phenological stage, being attacked by 74 % of recorded arthropod pests. The natural enemies belonging to Coleoptera, Hemiptera, and Hymenoptera outnumbered the leftovers. This study also encapsulates the activity period of arthropod pests and their natural enemies, which can be a path road to choosing other integrable components in management strategy and also to articulate the conservation strategies. Since, information on arthropod pests and their natural enemies in the crop ecosystem is elementary to articulate any Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategy and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study conducted for a long period and making an inventory of arthropods infesting the ashwagandha crop, their correspondent natural enemies and their periods of activity can be a roadmap in constructing an IPM strategy for sustainable ashwagandha production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100590"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}