Application of gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry in traditional Chinese medicines: A review

Abstract

Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) has emerged as a powerful analytical technique, renowned for its rapid analysis and operational simplicity, particularly in the detection of trace compounds. While its applications span various scientific domains, its potential in the field of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) remains relatively underexplored. This review systematically examines the current applications and methodological parameters of GC-IMS in TCM research, with particular emphasis on its transformative potential in quality assessment and authentication processes. The versatility of GC-IMS has been demonstrated across multiple facets of TCM analysis, including (1) differentiation of various Pao Zhi processing techniques and their impact on TCM quality, (2) authentication of TCM specimens through parameters such as storage duration and geographical origin, (3) establishment of robust quality evaluation criteria for TCM formulations, (4) detection and profiling of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) across different growth stages, (5) taxonomic classification of TCM species, and (6) comprehensive characterization of TCM constituents. The integration of GC-IMS in TCM research offers substantial promise for advancing quality control. Its rapid analytical capabilities, coupled with high sensitivity, position it as an indispensable tool for TCM authentication and quality evaluation, with potential applications throughout various stages of TCM production and distribution.