Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis最新文献

{"title":"Action Required to Maximize Protection against Ischemic Stroke among Patients with Atrial Fibrillation.","authors":"Hisatomi Arima","doi":"10.5551/jat.ED274","DOIUrl":"10.5551/jat.ED274","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15128,"journal":{"name":"Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis","volume":" ","pages":"304-305"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11883217/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142739668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adequate Vegetable Intake Improves Metabolic Indices in Healthy Japanese Participants: A Randomized Crossover Study.","authors":"Yuka Kawakami-Shinoda, Megumi Sato, Alima Bao, Xiangna Zheng, Mana Kamiya, Ge Li, Toshio Hosaka, Toshinao Goda, Hidekazu Arai","doi":"10.5551/jat.64509","DOIUrl":"10.5551/jat.64509","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aimed to elucidate the effect of a healthy diet containing adequate amounts of protein and vegetables on metabolic indices.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this randomized crossover study, twenty-two healthy Japanese participants ingested two different test meals: fish diet (F) or fish diet with adequate vegetable content (FV). Each 5-day diet load test was separated by a washout period of at least seven days. Metabolic indices were measured in fasting blood and 24-h urine samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The delta (Δ) plasma glucose and Δserum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations were significantly larger in the participants in group FV than in group F (p=0.042, p=0.013, respectively). The urinary pH in participants in group F on day 6 was significantly lower than on day 1 (p=0.008), and the Δurinary pH and Δnet gastrointestinal absorption of alkali of participants in group FV tended to be smaller than in group F (p=0.070, p=0.075, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study showed that a healthy diet containing adequate protein and vegetables reduced the dietary acid load and improved plasma glucose and serum LDL concentrations in healthy Japanese participants.</p>","PeriodicalId":15128,"journal":{"name":"Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis","volume":" ","pages":"356-366"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11883202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142287965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Approaches to Lipoproteins for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Events.","authors":"Masashi Fujino, Giuseppe Di Giovanni, Stephen J Nicholls","doi":"10.5551/jat.RV22031","DOIUrl":"10.5551/jat.RV22031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is a leading global cause of mortality, and recent research has underscored the critical role of lipoproteins in modulating cardiovascular (CV) risk. Elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels have been linked to increased CV events, and while numerous trials have confirmed the efficacy of lipid-lowering therapies (LLT), significant gaps remain between recommended LDL-C targets and real-world clinical practice. This review addresses care gaps in LLT, emphasizing the necessity for innovative approaches that extend beyond LDL-C management. It explores combination therapy approaches such as statins combined with ezetimibe or PCSK9 inhibitors, which have shown promise in enhancing LDL-C reduction and improving outcomes in high-risk patients. Additionally, this review discusses new approaches in lipid modification strategies, including bempedoic acid, inclisiran, and drugs that lower Lp(a), highlighting their potential for CV risk reduction. Furthermore, it emphasizes the potential of polygenic risk scores to guide LLT and lifestyle changes despite challenges in implementation and genetic testing ethics. This article discusses the current guidelines and proposes innovative approaches for optimizing lipoprotein management, ultimately contributing to improved patient outcomes in ASCVD prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":15128,"journal":{"name":"Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis","volume":" ","pages":"265-280"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11883213/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142931744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Apolipoprotein E Variants: A Review of Naturally Occurring Variants and Clinical Features.","authors":"Akira Matsunaga, Takao Saito","doi":"10.5551/jat.65393","DOIUrl":"10.5551/jat.65393","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a key apoprotein in lipid transport and is susceptible to genetic mutations. ApoE variants have been studied for four decades and more than a hundred of them have been reported. This paper presents an up-to-date review of the function and structure of apoE in lipid metabolism, the E2, E3, and E4 isoforms, the APOE gene, and various pathologies, such as familial type III hyperlipidemia and lipoprotein glomerulopathy, caused by apoE variants. Alzheimer's disease was barely mentioned in this paper. But this review should help researchers obtain a comprehensive overview of human apoE in lipid metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":15128,"journal":{"name":"Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis","volume":" ","pages":"281-303"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11883201/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142949402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Changes in Lifestyle and Psychological Factors on the Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome after the Great East Japan Earthquake: Follow-up of the Fukushima Health Management Survey.","authors":"Atsushi Takahashi, Fumikazu Hayashi, Tetsuya Ohira, Michio Shimabukuro, Akira Sakai, Masaharu Maeda, Mitsuaki Hosoya, Junichiro J Kazama, Koichi Hashimoto, Shiho Sato, Hironori Nakano, Masanori Nagao, Kanako Okazaki, Hitoshi Ohto, Seiji Yasumura, Hiromasa Ohira","doi":"10.5551/jat.64923","DOIUrl":"10.5551/jat.64923","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident caused lifestyle changes and psychological distress in residents living near the plant. This study clarified the associations between changes in residents' lifestyles and psychological factors with the onset of metabolic syndrome (METs) after the accident.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This longitudinal study included 10,373 residents who underwent the Comprehensive Health Check and Mental Health and Lifestyle Survey in Fiscal Year (FY) 2013. Follow-up surveys were conducted between FY 2014 and FY 2017. Lifestyle changes and the METs incidence were evaluated using a logistic regression model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>METs developed in 14.0% of subjects. In addition to metabolic factors, such as the body mass index, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus, there were differences in physical activity, fast walking, eating fast, eating habits before bedtime, skipping breakfast, current smoking, and alcohol intake between subjects with and without new-onset METs. Eating fast, current smoking, and drinking alcohol were positively associated with new-onset METs, whereas starting physical activity and fast walking were inversely associated with new-onset METs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Disaster-related lifestyle changes, such as eating fast, starting to smoke, and continued alcohol intake, were risk factors for new-onset METs after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident.</p>","PeriodicalId":15128,"journal":{"name":"Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis","volume":" ","pages":"345-355"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11883212/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142287968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel ELISA System for Measuring Modified LDL-Adiponectin Complex.","authors":"Mai Sasaoka, Akemi Kakino, Roberto Villalobos-Labra, Yuki Yamashita, Floor Spaans, Satoru Joshita, Hiroshi Hosoda, Takeshi Uehara, Chu-Huang Chen, Sandra T Davidge, Tatsuya Sawamura","doi":"10.5551/jat.65377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5551/jat.65377","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Adiponectin is an anti-diabetic and anti-atherogenic protein secreted primarily from adipose tissue. Adiponectin and modified LDL (mLDL) form a complex to modulate their biological activity. To elucidate the significance of the complex formation, we analyzed its effects on vascular tissue and developed and verified novel quantifying methods for adiponectin.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To study the significance of the mLDL-adiponectin complex (MAC) formation, we used the wire-myography method on rat mesenteric artery. We developed a method to measure MAC by using LOX-1 as the capture protein and anti-adiponectin antibody for detection. We compared serum MAC levels between hemodialysis patients and control subjects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Administering mLDL alone to rat mesenteric artery impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, whereas simultaneously administering adiponectin with mLDL protected rat mesenteric artery from the mLDL-induced impairment of vasorelaxation. This finding indicates MAC formation prevents endothelium from mLDL-induced dysfunction in tissue. Using our novel ELISA for MAC, we found that MAC was increasingly detectable depending on the doses of mLDL and adiponectin in vitro. In serum, hemodialysis patients showed a significantly higher ratio of MAC-high patients (higher than the median level of MAC) than did healthy controls. Furthermore, the MAC-high hemodialysis group had lower mLDL activity measured as LOX-1 ligand containing apoB.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Using our ELISA, we detected MAC in human serum that protected blood vessels from the deleterious effects of oxidized LDL.</p>","PeriodicalId":15128,"journal":{"name":"Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Events in a Japanese Population with and without Obesity: The Shizuoka Kokuho Database Study.","authors":"Yasuharu Tabara, Aya Shoji-Asahina, Yoko Sato","doi":"10.5551/jat.65357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5551/jat.65357","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The accumulation of metabolic risk factors, namely high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia, has been associated with cardiovascular diseases. However, little evidence is available on the prognostic significance of metabolic risk factor accumulation in nonobese individuals. This study investigated this issue by analyzing prefecture-wide health checkup and health insurance data in Japan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from 366,881 adults aged 40-74 years who were enrolled in the National Health Insurance, excluding those who experienced a stroke or coronary artery diseases or required long-term care. Baseline clinical information was obtained from annual health checkup data. Incidences of stroke and coronary artery diseases were obtained from insurance data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the nonobese population, the hazard ratio for stroke increased linearly with the number of accumulated metabolic risk factors, particularly among those aged ＜65 years men (one factor: 2.21, two factors: 2.60; three factors: 3.93) and women (one factor: 1.49, two factors: 1.57; three factors: 2.27). Similar results were observed in the analysis for coronary artery diseases. After excluding participants receiving medications, the association of metabolic risk factor with stroke remained significant, although its association with coronary artery disease became less significant. In the analysis for each metabolic risk factors, high blood pressure (men: hazard ratio = 2.85; women: hazard ratio = 2.17; P＜0.001), but not hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia, was associated with stroke in the nonobese population.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The accumulation of metabolic risk factors needs to be considered a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases even in individuals without obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":15128,"journal":{"name":"Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143458081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis for the Combination of Universal Screening at 9-10 Years Old and Reverse Cascade Screening of Relatives for Familial Hypercholesterolemia in Japan.","authors":"Keiji Matsunaga, Mariko Harada-Shiba, Shizuya Yamashita, Hayato Tada, Akihito Uda, Katsuya Mori, Mizuki Yoshimura, Sachie Inoue, Isao Kamae, Shinji Yokoyama, Tetsuo Minamino","doi":"10.5551/jat.65181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5551/jat.65181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Screening for familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is important for reducing the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Cost-effectiveness was evaluated using the Kagawa FH screening model, which is a combination of universal screening (US) in the universal health examination for children 9-10 years old conducted in Kagawa Prefecture, and reverse cascade screening (RCS) of the probands' relatives.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A lifetime simulation was conducted using mathematical models (decision tree and Markov model) to determine the cost-effectiveness of introducing a series of FH screenings (US in children + RCS in adult relatives). Only screening-related costs and direct medical costs were included, using quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) as an outcome. The costs of statins were estimated using the public health insurance claims database DeSC Healthcare, Inc. The risk of each CVD event was estimated using the same claims data and adjusted for age. We hypothesized that standard statin treatment decreases CVD risk by reducing plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A series of FH screenings (US in children + RCS in adult relatives) was cost-effective compared to no screening, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of approximately JPY 150,000 (USD 1,042)/QALY, which was below the willingness-to-pay threshold of JPY 5,000,000 (USD 34,722)/QALY for medical technology in Japan (USD 1 = JPY 144). The ICER for the US without RCS was also acceptable at approximately JPY 2,720,000 (USD 18,889)/QALY.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The cost-effectiveness analysis revealed that a series of FH screenings (US in children + RCS in adult relatives) based on the Kagawa model was cost-effective.</p>","PeriodicalId":15128,"journal":{"name":"Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preconditioning Effects of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation in Patients with Symptomatic Peripheral Arterial Disease.","authors":"Kyosuke Ehara, Yuma Tamura, Harunori Takahashi, Masato Terashima, Momo Takahashi, Tomoki Tsurumi, Hiroyuki Sugimura, Naoyuki Otani, Takashi Tomoe, Keijiro Kitahara, Takushi Sugiyama, Takanori Yasu","doi":"10.5551/jat.65490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5551/jat.65490","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Intermittent claudication is a major barrier to establishing an exercise routine in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). This study investigated the preconditioning effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on walking capacity in patients with PAD and intermittent claudication. Additionally, it aimed to determine the optimal NMES settings and the underlying mechanisms of its effects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 15 patients with PAD (Fontaine II) participated in a crossover study. Each patient underwent 10-min sessions of NMES at two frequencies (4 and 20 Hz) and two intensities (moderate and high), plus a sham condition, before treadmill walking tests using the modified Gardner protocol.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pain-free walking distance significantly increased after a single session of 20 Hz high-intensity NMES (259.2±27.5 m; p＜0.05) relative to the sham group (201.9±23.6 m). The maximum walking distance also improved significantly after 4 and 20 Hz high-intensity NMES. The vascular endothelial function, assessed by flow-mediated dilation, was significantly enhanced following 20 Hz moderate- and high-intensity NMES, as well as 4 Hz high-intensity NMES, relative to the sham group. Additionally, lower extremity blood flow, as measured via transcutaneous partial pressure of oxygen, improved significantly in all NMES conditions. However, serum markers such as myeloperoxidase, hepatocyte growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and CD34^＋/CD133^＋ progenitor cell counts did not differ significantly between the NMES and sham groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High-intensity 20 Hz NMES is an effective preconditioning strategy for instantaneously enhancing the walking capacity in patients with PAD, likely due to nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation. These findings suggest that NMES is a promising therapeutic approach for PAD rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15128,"journal":{"name":"Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143408046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Effects of Extended-Release Pemafibrate Tablets on Dyslipidemia and Safety in Triglyceridemic Patients: A Phase 3, Multicenter, Randomized, Open-Label, Parallel-Group Study.","authors":"Hidenori Arai, Shizuya Yamashita, Eiichi Araki, Koutaro Yokote, Ryohei Tanigawa, Ayumi Saito, Daisuke Furukawa, Hideki Suganami, Shun Ishibashi","doi":"10.5551/jat.65350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5551/jat.65350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Long-term safety and efficacy of pemafibrate once-daily extended-release (XR) tablets, taken in morning or evening, were evaluated in dyslipidemic patients with high triglycerides (TG).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this multicenter, randomized, open-label, parallel-group, phase 3 long-term study, dyslipidemic patients with high TG were randomly assigned to morning or evening administration of XR for 52 weeks. The dose was started at 0.2 mg/day and increased to 0.4 mg/day for patients having fasting serum TG ≥ 150mg/dL during treatment. The primary efficacy endpoint was percent change in fasting serum TG.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study enrolled 121 patients, assigning 61 to morning and 60 to evening administration. The study population included 71.1% males. Mean age was 58.5±11.1 (mean±SD) years, body mass index 27.7±4.3 kg/m², and fasting TG 264.0±109.2 mg/dL. Fasting serum TG decreased significantly from baseline to 52 weeks among patients overall and in the morning and evening groups (-45.7%, -44.8%, and -46.6%, respectively, p＜0.001 vs. baseline). The difference in least-squares mean between the morning and evening groups was 3.0%, not statistically significant. The dose was increased in 82 patients (44 morning and 38 evening), with 57.3% (95%CI 45.9, 68.2) achieving fasting serum TG ＜150 mg/dL. Adverse events occurred in 83.5% and adverse drug reactions in 19.0% but with no notable safety problems.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Long-term, once-daily administration of XR was effective and safe in dyslipidemic patients with high TG. XR provided favorable TG-lowering effects regardless of morning or evening administration, and the XR dose increase proved effective in patients having initially inadequate response.</p>","PeriodicalId":15128,"journal":{"name":"Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}