{"title":"Digital Health Interventions for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: The Current Impact and Future Directions for Prevention and Management.","authors":"Chinatsu Komiyama, Masanari Kuwabara, Ayako Harima, Takayoshi Kanie, Tetsuo Yamaguchi, Takahide Kodama","doi":"10.5551/jat.RV22032","DOIUrl":"10.5551/jat.RV22032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, including in Japan, where the aging population intensifies its impact. This review evaluated the potential impact of digital healthcare on the prevention and management of ASCVD, covering both primary and secondary prevention strategies. Digital health tools, such as risk assessment applications remote monitoring, lifestyle modification support, and remote rehabilitation, have shown promise in improving patient engagement, adherence, and outcomes. However, while digital health interventions demonstrate significant benefits, challenges persist, including interoperability issues, privacy concerns, low digital literacy among older adults, and limited health insurance coverage for digital interventions. Through an analysis of recent advancements and case studies, this review demonstrates the need for user-centered design, enhanced regulatory frameworks, and expanded insurance support to facilitate the effective integration of digital health in ASCVD care. Furthermore, emerging technologies such as personalized healthcare modules offer promising directions for tailored and impactful care. Addressing these barriers is critical to unleashing the full potential of digital healthcare to reduce the burden of ASCVD and enhance patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15128,"journal":{"name":"Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis","volume":" ","pages":"395-404"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Serum Lipoprotein(a) Levels and Their Association with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Japan.","authors":"Emi Fujii, Junya Ako, Yuri Takahashi, Mitsutoshi Toda, Kazuma Iekushi, Shizuya Yamashita","doi":"10.5551/jat.64953","DOIUrl":"10.5551/jat.64953","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To investigate the distribution of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) and its association with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in Japanese patients at high risk for ASCVD using a health insurance database.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between July 2013 and June 2021, patients eligible for ASCVD prevention according to the 2017 Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guidelines with documented Lp(a) test results were extracted from the Medical Data Vision claims database and divided into three groups: primary prevention high-risk (Group I), secondary prevention (Group II) and secondary prevention high-risk (Group III). Data on lipid levels, cardiovascular morbidity risk factors and lipid-lowering treatments were extracted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 700,580 patients with documented low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), 2,967 (0.42%) were tested for Lp(a). In 2,170 eligible patients, the median [interquartile range] serum concentration of Lp(a) was 13.9 [7.5-24.6] mg/dL, with 151 patients (7.0%) above the recommended risk threshold of ≥ 50 mg/dL. Lp(a) levels increased with risk across all prevention groups. Being in the highest Lp(a) quintile (Q5) was associated with an increased frequency of ASCVD (28.9% versus 18.9% in the lowest quintile (Q1) for unstable angina; 18.7% versus 10.1% for myocardial infarction; 27.9% versus 17.0% for ischemic stroke). In the secondary prevention groups, the proportion of patients meeting an LDL-C target of <70 mg/dL decreased from 30.2% in Q1 to 19.0% in Q5 for Group II and from 32.9% to 16.3% for Group III.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite a high prevalence of Lp(a) ≥ 50mg/dL in Japanese patients at high risk for ASCVD, it found that the Lp(a) testing rate was very low.</p>","PeriodicalId":15128,"journal":{"name":"Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis","volume":" ","pages":"421-438"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142380920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmed Arafa, Yuka Kato, Yoshihiro Kokubo, Paramita Khairan, Chisa Matsumoto, Yoko M Nakao, Yu Kataoka, Mariko Harada-Shiba
{"title":"Lipoprotein(a) Levels and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke: The Suita Study.","authors":"Ahmed Arafa, Yuka Kato, Yoshihiro Kokubo, Paramita Khairan, Chisa Matsumoto, Yoko M Nakao, Yu Kataoka, Mariko Harada-Shiba","doi":"10.5551/jat.65437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5551/jat.65437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) exhibits atherogenic and thrombogenic properties. We investigated the association between Lp(a) levels and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from 5138 people ≥ 30 years old registered in the Suita Study, a Japanese population-based prospective cohort study. All participants were initially free from CHD or stroke. Cox proportional hazard models were applied to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CHD and stroke among participants with elevated Lp(a) levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline, only 17.0% of participants had Lp(a) levels ≥ 30 mg/dL. Within the median follow-up period of 11.7 years, 164 CHD and 234 stroke events were detected. In the multivariable-adjusted regression model, Lp(a) ≥ 30 mg/dL was associated with an increased risk of CHD (HR, 1.52 [95% CI, 1.05-2.21]). Every 10-ml/dL increment in Lp(a) level was associated with a 7.9% increase in CHD risk. The association with CHD did not change significantly after adjusting for total cholesterol level or lipid-lowering drugs. In contrast, increased Lp(a) levels were not associated with stroke risk or any subtype.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Lp(a) ≥ 30 mg/dL was associated with an increased risk of CHD in the Japanese population.</p>","PeriodicalId":15128,"journal":{"name":"Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143752801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cholesterol Uptake Capacity as a Prognostic Marker of Cardiovascular Events for Patients with Coronary Artery Disease.","authors":"Yusuke Yoshikawa, Ryuji Toh, Katsuhiro Murakami, Amane Harada, Jeeeun Kim, Yuto Kobayash, Keiko Miwa, Manabu Nagao, Tatsuro Ishida, Ken-Ichi Hirata, Misa Takegami, Kunihiro Nishimura","doi":"10.5551/jat.65520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5551/jat.65520","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Cholesterol uptake capacity (CUC) is a functional assessment of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and has drawn attention for the risk stratification of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). This study evaluated the usefulness of HDL-CUC as a predictive marker for long-term ASCVD events in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective observational study included 503 patients with CAD who underwent coronary revascularization. Blood was sampled from the participants within three months before or after index revascularization. The CUC was assayed using a previously reported automated system. The study population was divided into three groups according to the tertiles of CUC levels. The primary outcome was ASCVD events, which were defined as a composite of all-cause death, acute myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral artery disease.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 29 events were observed during the follow-up (median 2.8 years). The risk of the primary outcome in the low-CUC group was significantly higher than that in the high-CUC group (3-year incidence: low CUC 8.8% vs. high CUC 4.0%; log-rank p = 0.046). After adjusting for age and sex, the risk in the low-CUC group relative to that in the high-CUC group remained significantly high (hazard ratio 3.17, 95% confidence interval 1.05-9.54, p = 0.040).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Low CUC in patients with CAD were associated with a higher risk of ASCVD events after coronary revascularization than high CUC levels. The assessment of HDL functionality measured by CUC would be useful for the risk prediction of ASCVD after coronary revascularization.</p>","PeriodicalId":15128,"journal":{"name":"Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143752792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clinical Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Arterial Dissection-Associated Stroke: A 21-Year Cohort Study from the Japan Stroke Data Bank.","authors":"Kenichi Kashihara, Michikazu Nakai, Masatoshi Koga, Akira Handa, Shotai Kobayashi, Shiho Usumoto, Sohei Yoshimura, Kazunori Toyoda","doi":"10.5551/jat.65517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5551/jat.65517","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the risk factors, location, treatment, and outcomes of stroke due to arterial dissection, we examined these characteristics in a substantial, long-standing, nationwide stroke cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study participants were patients with acute stroke who were registered in the Japan Stroke Data Bank between January 1999 and December 2020. We focused on patients with stroke caused by extracranial or intracranial artery dissection and examined their clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes. In addition, we compared the results between clinical subtypes with and without dissection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 218,799 registered patients with acute stroke, 1,353 (0.62%) were attributed to artery dissection. Of these, 880 patients had ischemic stroke, 16 had intracerebral hemorrhage, and 457 had subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Dissection cases were most prevalent among individuals in their 40s and 50s, with intracranial vertebral artery dissection being the primary cause of ischemic stroke and SAH. Male sex, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and a history of smoking were associated with a higher likelihood of ischemic stroke than SAH. Unfavorable outcomes, defined as a modified Rankin score ≥ 4 at discharge, were observed in 18.9% of ischemic stroke cases and 42.6% of SAH cases with dissection. Neurological severity and older age at admission are associated with unfavorable outcomes in patients with ischemic stroke and SAH.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Ischemic stroke was the most frequent subtype of stroke in patients with arterial dissection, followed by SAH. Patients with stroke due to dissection were younger than those without. Neurological severity and older age at admission are substantial risk factors for unfavorable stroke outcomes due to artery dissection.</p>","PeriodicalId":15128,"journal":{"name":"Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143752795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sex-Specific Association between HO-1 (GT)n Promoter Polymorphism and Large-Artery Atherosclerosis Stroke.","authors":"Jintao Li, Junting Chen, Jia Wen, Kailin Cheng, Xiaoli Fu, Shuen Li, Zhu Shi","doi":"10.5551/jat.65595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5551/jat.65595","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Oxidative stress is a central factor in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and potentially exhibits sexual dimorphism. The induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) serves as a crucial mechanism against reactive oxygen species toxicity in the vascular wall, and this induction is regulated by the promoter (GT)n repeat length. We aim to investigate whether or not HO-1 gene (GT)n polymorphism is associated with the occurrence of large-artery atherosclerotic (LAA) stroke.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We consecutively recruited stroke patients, with a control group comprising age- and sex-matched non-stroke individuals. HO-1 (GT)n genotypes were determined using DNA extracted from the peripheral leukocytes. HO-1 (GT)n polymorphism was classified as short [S, ≤ 24 (GT)n], medium [M, 25 ≤ (GT)n <31], or long [L, 31 ≤ (GT)n]. Clinical data were collected, and stroke patients were categorized into LAA and non-LAA groups according to the TOAST classification. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between HO-1 (GT)n variants and LAA occurrence stratified by sex.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no significant difference in the distribution of HO-1 (GT)n genotypes between the stroke and non-stroke populations. However, the proportion of S/S genotype was significantly lower in the LAA stroke patients than in the non-LAA stroke patients (7.08% vs. 21.78%, p<0.001). A multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that non-SS genotypes were associated with a significantly increased risk of LAA compared to the S/S genotype patients (odds ratio [OR] 3.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.98-5.67, p<0.001). After stratification by sex, the protective effect of the HO-1 (GT)n S/S genotype was highly significant in men (OR 5.50, 95% CI 2.67-11.34, p<0.001), whereas the association was not significant in women (OR 1.60, 95% CI 0.75-3.34, p = 0.228).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Short (GT)n variants in HO-1 may confer significant protection against LAA stroke in men but not in women.</p>","PeriodicalId":15128,"journal":{"name":"Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143752802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effectiveness and Limitations of Intravenous rt-PA Therapy in Patients with Mild Cerebral Infarction.","authors":"Ichiro Deguchi, Shinichi Takahashi, Satoshi Suda","doi":"10.5551/jat.RV22034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5551/jat.RV22034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA), specifically alteplase, remains the standard treatment for acute cerebral infarction across all stroke subtypes. However, per recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs), individuals with mild cerebral infarction, medical management alone without rt-PA can yield functional outcomes comparable to those achieved with thrombolytic therapy. This has sparked ongoing debate regarding the necessity of rt-PA administration in cases of mild stroke. Nonetheless, certain individuals with mild cerebral infarction derive clear benefits from rt-PA therapy. Therefore, an individualized treatment approach should be prioritized over a uniform thrombolytic strategy in these cases. This review examines the therapeutic efficacy and limitations of rt-PA therapy for mild cerebral infarction, integrating evidence from prior clinical studies with the authors' perspectives.</p>","PeriodicalId":15128,"journal":{"name":"Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143728752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Triglycerides and Residual Risk of CVD.","authors":"Aya Higashiyama, Akira Fujiyoshi","doi":"10.5551/jat.ED283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5551/jat.ED283","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15128,"journal":{"name":"Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143615625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ping Yu, Dong-Yu Wu, Xiao-Wei Fan, Xue Tian, An-Xin Wang, Yong Jiang, Wei-Guo Ma, Ning Zhang, Chun-Xue Wang
{"title":"Association of Life's Essential 8 Scores with Carotid Artery Plaque in Chinese Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Ping Yu, Dong-Yu Wu, Xiao-Wei Fan, Xue Tian, An-Xin Wang, Yong Jiang, Wei-Guo Ma, Ning Zhang, Chun-Xue Wang","doi":"10.5551/jat.65495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5551/jat.65495","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The American Heart Association (AHA) proposed Life's Essential 8 score (LE8) in 2022 as a new metric for cardiovascular health (CVH). This study investigated the association between the LE8 score and the development of carotid artery plaque.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were drawn from the Asymptomatic Polyvascular Abnormalities Community (APAC) cohort study. In 2010, 1,938 participants without carotid plaques were recruited and followed-up until 2012. LE8 scores ranging from 0 to 100 were categorized as low (0-49), moderate (50-79), and high (80-100), whereas carotid plaques were measured using color Doppler ultrasound. A logistic analysis was used to analyze the association between the LE8 score and carotid plaque.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the 2-year follow up period, 350 (18.1%) patients developed new carotid plaques. The incidence of newly developed carotid plaques decreased from 27.0% in the low-LE8 group to 13.7% in the high-LE8 group (p<0.001). Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for plaque development were 0.65 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.45-0.93) in the moderate-LE8 group and 0.55 (95% CI, 0.34-0.90) in the high-LE8 group compared to the low-LE8 group. Higher LE8 scores were associated with a lower risk of stable and multiple carotid plaques.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>An elevated LE8 score was associated with a lower risk of carotid plaque formation as well as plaque stability and quantity. Promoting adherence to optimal CVH levels may be beneficial in reducing the burden of carotid plaques and the risk of cardiovascular disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":15128,"journal":{"name":"Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143615623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Weili Li, Jun Zhang, Litang Han, Hongmei Niu, Wei Zhao, Yao Meng, Hao Yin, Lili Sun, Meimei Zheng, Wei Wang, Xiao He, Xiao Zhang, Yun Song, Ju Han
{"title":"Recanalization for Symptomatic Non-acute Intracranial Large Vessel Occlusion: An Observational Study.","authors":"Weili Li, Jun Zhang, Litang Han, Hongmei Niu, Wei Zhao, Yao Meng, Hao Yin, Lili Sun, Meimei Zheng, Wei Wang, Xiao He, Xiao Zhang, Yun Song, Ju Han","doi":"10.5551/jat.65539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5551/jat.65539","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study investigated the efficacy and safety of endovascular revascularization for symptomatic non-acute atherosclerotic intracranial LVO.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For non-acute atherosclerotic intracranial large vessel occlusion (LVO), despite aggressive medical treatment, recurrent ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack related to the occluded artery still occurs repeatedly. This retrospective cohort study included stroke patients with intracranial LVO who received endovascular treatment (EVT), categorized by successful recanalization and the time interval from symptom onset to revascularization (<30 days vs. ≥ 30 days). The primary efficacy outcome was stroke recurrence or mortality at the 6-month follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 264 patients in the study, 229 (87%) had successful recanalization, while 35 (13%) did not. In addition, 139 patients had recanalization times ≤ 30 days, and 125 had recanalization times >30 days. The successful recanalization group had a significantly lower rate of stroke recurrence or death during follow-up than the unsuccessful group (9.6% vs. 31.4%, adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 4.98, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.86 -13.37; P = 0.001). The group with a recanalization time ≤ 30 days also demonstrated a significantly lower rate of stroke recurrence or death during follow-up than the group with a recanalization time >30 days (7.9% vs.17.6%, P = 0.015). In addition, the rate of a favorable prognosis (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] 0-2) during the follow-up period was significantly higher in the successful recanalization group than in the successful recanalization group (71.1% vs. 51.4%, P = 0.021).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that successful recanalization may have therapeutic potential for patients with non-acute intracranial large-vessel occlusion, particularly for those with LVO recanalization lasting <30 days, who show more significant benefits than those with longer-lasting recanalization [please check this carefully].</p>","PeriodicalId":15128,"journal":{"name":"Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143615624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}