Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis最新文献

{"title":"An Elevated Serum Apolipoprotein C-III Concentration is Associated with the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in a Japanese General Population. The Hidaka Cohort Study.","authors":"Yoshio Fujioka, Shin-Ichiro Tanaka, Takeshi Tsujino, Tatsuro Ishida, Ken-Ichi Hirata","doi":"10.5551/jat.66073","DOIUrl":"10.5551/jat.66073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Apolipoprotein CIII (ApoC-III) is a lipid-associated protein crucial for the lipid metabolism. Recent studies have shown that ApoC-III also plays a role in vascular dysfunction and the development of coronary heart disease (CHD). This study examined the hypothesis that the serum ApoC-III concentration is associated with the future risk of CHD in a general Japanese population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We prospectively studied 1,676 individuals (1,005 women, 671 men; mean age 57.1 years) in a rural community in Japan. In the 1993 baseline survey, anthropometric examinations, current smoking status, blood pressure, and serum concentrations of lipids and apolipoproteins were assessed. During the follow-up period of 10.9 years (interquartile range 10.8 - 11.1), 48 participants developed CHD, including 18 fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction patients and 30 sudden death cases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the age- and sex-adjusted analysis, we did not find any association between the baseline serum ApoC-III concentration and the risk of CHD and sudden death (HR 2.11, CI 0.88 - 5.03, P = 0.094). However, in a multivariable analysis adjusted for age, sex, the presence of hypertension, presence of diabetes mellitus, current smoking status, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides, serum ApoC-III concentration was significantly associated with the risk of CHD and sudden death (HR 3.59, CI 1.05 - 12.3, P = 0.041).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Serum ApoC-III concentration was independently associated with the risk of CHD and sudden death in a general Japanese population.</p>","PeriodicalId":15128,"journal":{"name":"Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis","volume":" ","pages":"655-664"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146100227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence-based Specific Health Guidance for Obese Individuals with Cardiovascular Risk Factors to Reduce Weight and Waist Circumference.","authors":"Rumi Tsukinoki","doi":"10.5551/jat.ED305","DOIUrl":"10.5551/jat.ED305","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15128,"journal":{"name":"Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis","volume":" ","pages":"564-565"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147512243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Lp(a) Help to Identify High-risk Plaques?","authors":"Yu Kataoka","doi":"10.5551/jat.ED301","DOIUrl":"10.5551/jat.ED301","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15128,"journal":{"name":"Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis","volume":" ","pages":"559-561"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146219865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Catalog of the Pathogenic Variants in ABCG5 and ABCG8 and Clinical Features in Sitosterolemia.","authors":"Takeshi Okada, Shizuya Yamashita, Hayato Tada, Kazuhisa Tsukamoto, Masako Togo, Masa-Aki Kawashiri, Kimitoshi Nakamura, Kazushige Dobashi, Katsunori Ikewaki, Hiroshi Yoshida, Mariko Harada-Shiba","doi":"10.5551/jat.RV22049","DOIUrl":"10.5551/jat.RV22049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Since comprehensive data on the pathogenic variants of ABCG5 and ABCG8 and clinical features in sitosterolemia remain limited, we aimed to compile a catalog through an extensive literature search of case reports from 2002 to 2024, as well as an evaluation of variants reported in review articles.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We compiled 155 cases of sitosterolemia from 133 families with nonsynonymous variants in ABCG5 and ABCG8, along with data on clinical information from case reports. Pathogenic variants were defined either as 1) protein-truncating variants, 2) classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants according to the ACMG guidelines, or 3) serum sitosterol level of the case was measured at ≥ 1 mg/dL.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Xanthoma was observed in 69.2% of patients, ischemic heart disease in 14.2%, and hematologic abnormalities in 57.9%. Fifty-three variants in ABCG5 and 52 in ABCG8 were evaluated for their pathogenicity, in which 33 in ABCG5 and 29 in ABCG8 were protein-truncating variants. Additionally, based on the ACMG criteria and serum sitosterol levels, 50 variants in ABCG5 and 51 variants in ABCG8 were finally classified as pathogenic. Among them, the frequently observed R446X and R389H in ABCG5 were highly prevalent in East Asians, while W361X and S107X in ABCG8 were predominantly found in Europeans.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We provided the largest catalog of clinical features and pathogenic variants of ABCG5 and ABCG8 in the world. This study may help clarify the pathogenicity of variants in ABCG5 and ABCG8 and provide a valuable reference for the genetic diagnosis of sitosterolemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":15128,"journal":{"name":"Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis","volume":" ","pages":"538-558"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146165288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between cardiovascular disease risk factors and white matter lesions: The Tohoku Medical Megabank Cohort Study.","authors":"Megumi Satake, Ippei Chiba, Mana Kogure, Rieko Hatanaka, Kumi Nakaya, Masato Takase, Sayuri Tokioka, Naoki Nakaya, Naoko Mori, Takuya Koyama, Yuto Abe, Yasuyuki Taki, Nobuo Fuse, Kengo Kinoshita, Yoko Izumi, Shunji Mugikura, Atsushi Hozawa","doi":"10.5551/jat.65993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5551/jat.65993","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>White matter lesions (WML) are associated with dementia and they are influenced by cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Managing these risk factors may prevent WML progression. However, few longitudinal studies have examined the association between CVD risk factors and changes in the WML volume. This study aimed to investigate this association across a broad age range, including younger individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This longitudinal study included 4,595 participants (age range, 21-90 years; women, 61.7%) who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging. WML was defined on T1-weighted images. The associations between each CVD risk factor (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and current smoking) and WML volume changes (per 4 years) were analyzed using a generalized linear model with estimated regression coefficients (β) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The analyses were stratified by age group (＜50, 50-59, 60-69, and ≥ 70 years).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hypertension was significantly associated with increased WML volume change in those aged ＜50 and 50-59 years (β [95%CI] = 57.1 [8.0-106.2] and β [95%CI] = 77.9 [6.8-149.0], respectively). For both diabetes and dyslipidemia, the WML volume increased in those aged ＜50 years (β [95%CI] = 376.5 [209.3-543.8] and β [95%CI] = 154.0 [93.0-215.0], respectively). Current smoking showed an increase in those aged 50-59 and ≥ 60 years (β [95%CI] = 104.5 [2.1-206.8] and β [95%CI] = 305.9 [133.4-478.5], respectively). No significant associations were observed for any CVD risk factors in the other age groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The WML volume changes were larger in younger age groups for most CVD risk factors, suggesting that early management of these factors may help prevent WML progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":15128,"journal":{"name":"Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147772319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Relative LDL-Cholesterol Reduction With Cardiovascular Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.","authors":"Tetsuji Morishita, Hiroyasu Uzui, Yusuke Sato, Tomohiro Shimizu, Tatsuhiro Kataoka, Kanae Hasegawa, Hiroshi Tada","doi":"10.5551/jat.66182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5551/jat.66182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Intensive low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering is a cornerstone of secondary prevention after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Although most evidence has focused on achieved LDL-C levels, the prognostic significance of relative LDL-C reduction has been less well characterized. The joint influence of achieved LDL-C levels and relative reduction in real-world PCI populations remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients who underwent PCI between 2006 and 2016 at a single tertiary center. Relative LDL-C reduction was calculated from baseline and follow-up measurements. The primary outcome was three-point major adverse cardiovascular events plus any coronary revascularization. Cox proportional hazards models with restricted cubic splines were used to assess continuous dose-response relationships. Secondary analyses evaluated categorical thresholds of relative LDL-C reduction (＜30%, 30-49%, ≥50%) and achieved LDL-C ＜55 mg/dL. A thin-plate spline generalized additive model was used to visualize their joint association with cardiovascular risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 809 patients, greater relative LDL-C reduction was associated with a significantly lower risk of the primary outcome in a nonlinear pattern (overall P = 0.0001; nonlinearity P = 0.0007). Compared with ＜30% reduction, 30-49% and ≥ 50% reductions were associated with progressively lower risk. Achieved LDL-C ＜55 mg/dL was associated with lower risk, and the most favorable outcomes were observed when low achieved LDL-C levels were accompanied by substantial relative LDL-C reduction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Relative LDL-C reduction provides clinically meaningful prognostic information after PCI, complementing achieved LDL-C levels and supporting guideline-based lipid-lowering strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15128,"journal":{"name":"Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147772348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Tortuosity of Middle Cerebral Artery is Associated with Ipsilateral Recurrence of Ischemic Events.","authors":"Yuan Chen, Yifan Wang, Yanan Zhu, Yue He, Tian Zhao, Jingwei Lin, Yuanwei Shao, Yeyin He, Yi Yang, Ying Zhu, Ming Yu","doi":"10.5551/jat.66176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5551/jat.66176","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate whether the tortuosity of the culprit middle cerebral artery (MCA) is correlated with the recurrence of ipsilateral ischemic events in patients with ischemic stroke caused by intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) on M₁ segment of MCA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 279 patients with first-ever M₁-ICAD-related stroke were enrolled. The morphology of the culprit M₁ segment was measured using MR or CT angiography, including the arc and chord length. The tortuosity index was calculated as (arc length / chord length - 1) × 100%. During the follow-up, the primary endpoints included recurrent transient ischemic attack and ischemic stroke attributable to culprit M₁-ICAD. The participants were stratified into subgroups according to the tertiles of the tortuosity index: Q₁ (＜9.98%), Q₂ (9.98%-19.17%), and Q₃ (＞19.17%). Multivariate Cox regression was performed to identify the factors associated with recurrence and the recurrence rates of subgroups was analyzed by log-rank test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The recurrence rates (group Q₁, 20.4%, group Q₂, 10.6%, group Q₃, 4.3%, p = 0.003) are statically different. The tortuosity index (HR[hazard ratios] = 0.96, 95% CI[confidence intervals] = 0.92-0.997, p = 0.037) is inversely associated with the recurrence. The Q₁ group exhibits a higher risk of recurrence (HR = 5.39, 95% CI: 1.66-17.48, p = 0.005) than the Q3 group, with the rate difference of 16.1% (95% CI: 6.9%-25.3%, p = 0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In patients with M₁-ICAD-related stroke, lower tortuosity index of culprit MCA is associated with a higher risk of recurrent ipsilateral ischemic events.</p>","PeriodicalId":15128,"journal":{"name":"Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147772425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipoprotein(a) Is Associated with Coronary Plaque Vulnerability and Compensatory Vascular Enlargement: An Intravascular Ultrasound Study.","authors":"Yufeng Jiang, Jie Lin, Mingyu Ma, Jiahong Xu, Pujiao Yu, Hairong Wang","doi":"10.5551/jat.66159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5551/jat.66159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] has emerged as a critical determinant of residual cardiovascular risk. However, its impact on plaque morphology remains underinvestigated. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between the serum Lp(a) levels, coronary plaque vulnerability, and vascular remodeling characteristics by utilizing intravascular ultrasound (IVUS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively enrolled 292 consecutive patients with coronary artery disease who underwent IVUS. Target lesions were classified into vulnerable (n = 83) or stable (n = 209) plaque groups based on the IVUS criteria. Multivariate binary logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors. The morphological parameters were further compared between the high (＞18.8 mg/dL) and low (≤ 18.8 mg/dL) Lp(a) groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The vulnerable plaque group exhibited significantly higher median serum Lp(a) levels than the stable group (14.56 vs. 11.04 mg/dL, P = 0.011). After adjusting for age, sex, LDL-C, smoking, diabetes, and hypertension, Lp(a) ＞18.8 mg/dL remained an independent predictor of plaque vulnerability (OR = 1.76; 95% CI: 1.00-3.07; P = 0.049). Notably, the LDL-C levels did not predict vulnerability in this cohort. Furthermore, the high Lp(a) group demonstrated significantly larger vascular dimensions (EEM CSA: 14.67±4.95 vs. 13.22±4.20 mm², P = 0.016) and plaque area (11.07±4.61 vs. 9.71±3.79 mm², P = 0.015) than the low Lp(a) group, consistent with compensatory vascular enlargement, although the difference in the remodeling index did not reach statistical significance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Elevated serum Lp(a) levels are independent predictors of coronary plaque vulnerability. The underlying mechanism involves Lp(a) promoting compensatory vascular enlargement, accompanied by an increased plaque volume. These findings underscore the necessity of Lp(a) screening to identify any residual risk, particularly in patients with effectively controlled low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C).</p>","PeriodicalId":15128,"journal":{"name":"Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147722960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ligand-Specific Notch Signaling in Atherosclerosis: Implications for Inflammation and Plaque Stability.","authors":"Oyunbileg Bavuu, Daiju Fukuda","doi":"10.5551/jat.ED306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5551/jat.ED306","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15128,"journal":{"name":"Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147690312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Efficacy with Evolocumab among Japanese Patients in PROFICIO: A Pooled Analysis of 1,040 Patients.","authors":"Kazuma Oyama, Masayuki Yoshida, Arihiro Kiyosue, Nobuhiro Osada, Feng Sheng, Naozumi Harada, Kazumasa Miyawaki, Junichiro Shimauchi, Yang Fu, Shizuya Yamashita","doi":"10.5551/jat.66069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5551/jat.66069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is essential for reducing the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). This study assessed the clinical efficacy of evolocumab, a human monoclonal antibody targeting PCSK9, in Japanese patients using data from the PROFICIO program.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were pooled from Japanese participants enrolled in five clinical trials: YUKAWA-1, YUKAWA-2, OSLER-1, OSLER-2, and FOURIER. The primary endpoint was percent change in LDL-C from baseline to Week 12. Secondary endpoints included changes in other lipid parameters, achievement of LDL-C targets, incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), and subgroup analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,040 patients with high cardiovascular risk or established ASCVD were included. At Week 12, the mean percent reduction in LDL-C was 75.7% with evolocumab compared with 1.3% with placebo (least-square mean treatment difference: ‑75.0%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -76.7 to -73.4; p＜0.001), which was consistent across subgroups. Other lipid parameters showed directionally consistent percent changes, with variable magnitudes across markers. Overall, 92.9% of patients treated with evolocumab achieved an LDL-C ＜55 mg/dL at Week 12 compared with 0.8% of patients in the placebo group. In FOURIER, over a median follow-up of 2.1 years, incidence of MACE was lower with evolocumab than placebo (5.9% vs. 12.4%; hazard ratio: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.24-0.92). Treatment effects on MACE were consistent in both primary and secondary prevention groups (pooled odds ratio: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.23-0.79).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Evolocumab significantly and consistently lowered LDL-C and reduced the risk of MACE in Japanese patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":15128,"journal":{"name":"Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147690190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}