journal of applied pharmaceutical science最新文献

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Exopolysaccharide from the mice ovarian bacterium Bacillus velezensis OM03 triggers caspase-3-dependent apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells 小鼠卵巢芽孢杆菌OM03的胞外多糖触发卵巢癌细胞caspase-3依赖性凋亡
journal of applied pharmaceutical science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.7324/japs.2023.110355
Sreejesh Pilakkavil Chirakkara, A. Abraham
{"title":"Exopolysaccharide from the mice ovarian bacterium Bacillus velezensis OM03 triggers caspase-3-dependent apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells","authors":"Sreejesh Pilakkavil Chirakkara, A. Abraham","doi":"10.7324/japs.2023.110355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/japs.2023.110355","url":null,"abstract":"Exopolysaccharides (EPS) were isolated from mice ovarian microflora Bacillus velezensis OM03 to investigate their chemical properties and cytotoxic potential against human ovarian carcinoma cell lines PA-1 and SKOV-3. The structural analysis of EPS from OM03 using Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Gas chromatography-Mass revealed that it is a novel heteropolysaccharide made of glucose and mannose units connected with α-1,4 and β-1,4 bonds. Attractively, the EPS inhibited the proliferation of SKOV-3 and PA-1 cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner, with IC 50 values of 620 and 238 µg/ml, respectively, according to 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide tests. Moreover, EPS-OM03 caused DNA fragmentation in PA-1 cell lines and boosted the expression of active caspase-3, both of which triggered apoptosis. Furthermore, the experiment with the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane demonstrated that treatment with EPS-OM03 exhibits an in vivo antiangiogenic effect with an IC 50 of 146 µg/ml. In conclusion, our work offers scientific support for the development and use of pharmaceuticals derived from the microbiome, and it suggests that the EPS from B. velezensis OM03 may be a lead molecule in the treatment of ovarian cancer.","PeriodicalId":15126,"journal":{"name":"journal of applied pharmaceutical science","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85251952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Proficiency and implementation associated with noncommunicable diseases among secondary school students in Bangladesh 孟加拉国中学生与非传染性疾病相关的熟练程度和实施情况
journal of applied pharmaceutical science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.7324/japs.2023.149480
F. Akter, A. Mannan, Nasrin Lipi, N. Rahman, H. Lugova, Md. Ahsanul Haq, Mainul Haque
{"title":"Proficiency and implementation associated with noncommunicable diseases among secondary school students in Bangladesh","authors":"F. Akter, A. Mannan, Nasrin Lipi, N. Rahman, H. Lugova, Md. Ahsanul Haq, Mainul Haque","doi":"10.7324/japs.2023.149480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/japs.2023.149480","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is growing swiftly in low-resourced countries. In Bangladesh, a high prevalence of unhealthy lifestyles has been observed among its population. This study aimed to measure the knowledge and practices related to NCDs and associated factors among Bangladeshi secondary school-going students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among secondary students from all administrative regions. Data were collected through questionnaires in-person, over telephone interviews, and online surveys. Data were analyzed descriptively by frequencies and percentages. The Pearson chi-square test was used to examine the association between the variables. A multiple logistic regression model was introduced to identify the predictors of healthy lifestyle practices. Results: A total of 1,744 students were included in this study. Several gaps in knowledge and insufficient healthy practices were revealed. In the multiple linear regression analysis, the type of school, place of residence, parent’s educational level, and monthly income accounted for variability in the level of knowledge about NCDs. Gender, type of school, and monthly income were independent predictors of healthy lifestyle practices. Conclusion: Health educational programs on risk factors of NCDs and healthy lifestyles should be incorporated into the core school curriculum of all schools in Bangladesh. The programs should target economically disadvantaged populations and ethnic minorities to address social inequalities.","PeriodicalId":15126,"journal":{"name":"journal of applied pharmaceutical science","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81876745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pluronic® P123-coated liposomal codelivery of paclitaxel and lapatinib enhances therapeutic potential via tumor cell targeting and overcoming multidrug resistance in triple-negative breast cancer cells Pluronic®p123包被的脂质体共递送紫杉醇和拉帕替尼通过肿瘤细胞靶向和克服三阴性乳腺癌细胞的多药耐药增强了治疗潜力
journal of applied pharmaceutical science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.7324/japs.2023.132946
S. Sahoo, Subrahmanyam Pitchika
{"title":"Pluronic® P123-coated liposomal codelivery of paclitaxel and lapatinib enhances therapeutic potential via tumor cell targeting and overcoming multidrug resistance in triple-negative breast cancer cells","authors":"S. Sahoo, Subrahmanyam Pitchika","doi":"10.7324/japs.2023.132946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/japs.2023.132946","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical trials have shown that adjuvant therapy improves antitumor outcomes. The likelihood of simultaneous delivery via combination therapy may be limited by clinical complications such as pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major challenge in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) that lack expression of three key receptors, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Our investigation revealed that no single study had examined the co-delivery of lapatinib (LPB) and paclitaxel (PTX) in TNBC to overcome MDR. So, our study aimed to develop a liposomal system coated with Pluronic ® P123 to deliver PTX and LPB. The prepared PTX and LPB dual-loaded Pluronic ® P123 coated liposomes (PTX/LPB-PLps) exhibited optimal size, zeta potential, and homogenous size distribution, and transmission electron microscope imaging confirmed their spherical shape. Results revealed that coating over Lps enhanced both % drug loading and encapsulation. Hydrodynamic and serum stability results supported a stable size distribution of preparations. Furthermore, cellular uptake and cytotoxic abilities against triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB 231 cells revealed superior effects of dual-loaded PTX/LPB-PLps over single-loaded PTX or LPB Lps and uncoated dual-loaded PTX/ LPB-Lps, which is primarily because of coating lead to significantly higher intracellular levels. PTX/LPB-PLps of this design exerted an excellent synergistic effect on both MDA-MB 231 and MDA-MB 231/PTX cells, resulting in significantly improved cell inhibition with 88.57% ± 5.27% and 85.33% ± 5.11%, respectively, via circumventing multidrug-resistant protein-1-mediated PTX resistance. Evidently, the Pluronic ® P123 coated liposome-based delivery mechanism is a viable nano-platform for the codelivery of PTX/LPB combination in cancer chemotherapy.","PeriodicalId":15126,"journal":{"name":"journal of applied pharmaceutical science","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84633529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Revisiting the microbial biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles and their applications 重述金属纳米颗粒的微生物合成及其应用
journal of applied pharmaceutical science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.7324/japs.2023.89282
Rajni Yadav, Manish Kumar, R. Tomar
{"title":"Revisiting the microbial biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles and their applications","authors":"Rajni Yadav, Manish Kumar, R. Tomar","doi":"10.7324/japs.2023.89282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/japs.2023.89282","url":null,"abstract":"Metal nanoparticles (NPs) have exerted a powerful attention from investigators from different parts of world because of their unique characteristics such as homogeneous in shape, size, and not harmful to humans or the environment along with a plethora of applications in biomedical fields such as anticancer, antimicrobial, agents for the antibiofilm, targeted drug delivery, biocatalysts, wastewater treatment as well as in agriculture and allied sectors. At the present time, green nanotechnology is being used as an important way to fabricate metal NPs. This eco-friendly approach inculcated numerous capping agents in the form of different compounds and resources of microbial origins for the synthesis of NPs. This review aims to describe the new insights and progresses in recent years on microbe-mediated nanoparticle biosynthesis particularly. The resources of microbial origins mostly include fungi, bacteria, yeast, algae, and cyanobacteria. This review will be an eye opener to better understand the mechanisms and approaches of microbebased NPs biosynthesis along with their applications in agriculture, pharmaceutical industries, and allied sectors with recent insights.","PeriodicalId":15126,"journal":{"name":"journal of applied pharmaceutical science","volume":"69 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89117278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The in-silico potential of Andrographis paniculata phytocompounds as antiviral for the treatment of COVID-19: A systematic review 穿心莲植物化合物作为抗病毒药物治疗COVID-19的计算机潜力:系统综述
journal of applied pharmaceutical science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.7324/japs.2023.133107
Shafa Shavira, S. Handayani, Fatmaria Fatmaria
{"title":"The in-silico potential of Andrographis paniculata phytocompounds as antiviral for the treatment of COVID-19: A systematic review","authors":"Shafa Shavira, S. Handayani, Fatmaria Fatmaria","doi":"10.7324/japs.2023.133107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/japs.2023.133107","url":null,"abstract":"Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many studies have been conducted to develop definitive therapeutic agents for this viral disease. The in-silico method has become the best solution for the initial step in discovering potential antiviral compounds. Several phytocompounds from a medicinal plant, Andrographis paniculata , were reported to have activity inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 proteins. The present systematic review aims to determine the potency of A. paniculata compounds against COVID-19. We undertook a systematic search in two databases, PubMed and Google Scholar, and included original articles that applied in-silico methods for phytocompounds of A. paniculata in COVID-19. Twenty-nine original articles were included in the systematic review. We report that 50 of the 107 A. paniculata phytocompounds (46.73%) were against SARS-CoV-2. We found that five protein targets of SARS-CoV-2 are highly conserved structures mostly used in the articles, which are main protease, papain-like protease, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase","PeriodicalId":15126,"journal":{"name":"journal of applied pharmaceutical science","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88557501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The potential effects of isoflavones on nuclear receptor modulation in bone remodeling: A review 异黄酮对骨重塑中核受体调节的潜在影响:综述
journal of applied pharmaceutical science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.7324/japs.2023.126975
Haryati Ahmad Hairi, N. Mustafa, P. Jayusman, A. Shuid
{"title":"The potential effects of isoflavones on nuclear receptor modulation in bone remodeling: A review","authors":"Haryati Ahmad Hairi, N. Mustafa, P. Jayusman, A. Shuid","doi":"10.7324/japs.2023.126975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/japs.2023.126975","url":null,"abstract":"Isoflavones are plant-based compounds that act as phytoestrogens by mimicking the action of estrogen. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts are the key cells for bone remodeling, a process that includes bone proliferation, differentiation, deposition, and resorption. Studies have demonstrated that isoflavones, a class of flavonoids found almost exclusively in soybeans, could prevent bone loss. Recent findings revealed that isoflavones could activate nuclear receptors (NRs) and regulate bone formation and resorption processes. This current research discussed the principal actions of isoflavones mediated by NRs on bone remodeling such as steroid receptors (estrogen receptor, estrogen-related receptor, and androgen receptor) and metabolic receptors including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ. Isoflavones modulate osteogenesis by fine-tuning physiological responses on NR sensors and their transcriptional networks. Hence, this present review will dive deep into the use of several isoflavones as potential osteoporosis treatment through NR-controlling gene regulation.","PeriodicalId":15126,"journal":{"name":"journal of applied pharmaceutical science","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90072512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development and characterization of chronotherapeutic tablets of sacubitril-valsartan supramolecular complex using hupu gum and lannea gum by compression coating 用虎蒲胶和兰纳胶加压包衣法制备沙比利-缬沙坦超分子复合物慢性治疗片
journal of applied pharmaceutical science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.7324/japs.2023.120714
Rajeswari Aleti, K. V. R. Murthy
{"title":"Development and characterization of chronotherapeutic tablets of sacubitril-valsartan supramolecular complex using hupu gum and lannea gum by compression coating","authors":"Rajeswari Aleti, K. V. R. Murthy","doi":"10.7324/japs.2023.120714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/japs.2023.120714","url":null,"abstract":"Sacubitril-valsartan supramolecular complex (SVSC), a first-in-class Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin Inhibitor has been approved as safe and effective treatment for Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction and reduce the risk of cardiovascular death and re-hospitalization in patients with striking rise in blood pressure during early morning hours. As the cardiovascular events are well associated with circadian rhythms, chronotherapeutic drug delivery of SVSC at bedtime (around 10 p.m.) may be a potential approach. Aim and objective of present investigation is to develop chronotherapeutic drug delivery system of SVSC using natural gums by compression coating technique that is appropriate in achieving predetermined lag time of 5-6 hours followed by maximum drug release within 1 hour to attain the required C max when the disease condition is at peak. Initially the core tablets were optimized which completely released the drug in 25 minutes. The optimized core tablets were subjected to compression coating with different ratios of hupu gum, lannea gum and channeling agent for preparation of chronotherapeutic tablets. The optimized compression coated tablets complied with the official and other requirements of tablets. Differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy studies confirmed the drug and excipient compatibility. Among all formulations, Compression coated Tablets CCT3 met all the objectives of present investigation and hence, selected as optimized compression coated tablet suitable for chronotherapeutic drug delivery of SVSC in patients with heart failure.","PeriodicalId":15126,"journal":{"name":"journal of applied pharmaceutical science","volume":"140 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86643952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Stability indicating UPLC-MS/MS method for quantification and identification of cefepime and its degradants in API 稳定性:采用UPLC-MS/MS方法定量鉴定头孢吡肟及其原料药中的降解物
journal of applied pharmaceutical science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.7324/japs.2023.118104
Jabeen Jabeen, Bangalore Venkatappa Suma
{"title":"Stability indicating UPLC-MS/MS method for quantification and identification of cefepime and its degradants in API","authors":"Jabeen Jabeen, Bangalore Venkatappa Suma","doi":"10.7324/japs.2023.118104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/japs.2023.118104","url":null,"abstract":"An analytical method was developed and validated for determining stability studies of the drug cefepime (CFP) by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography - Tandem Mass Spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS). In this research, Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) C18 ethylene hybrid column was used. About 0.2% formic acid in the water and acetonitrile (ACN), in 20:80 v/v ratios, was used as the mobile phase with a 0.15 ml/minute flow rate. In multiple reaction monitoring modes, positive electrospray ionization (ESI) was used. The chromatogram of standard Cefepime (CFP) was found to have a retention time of 0.82 ± 0.02 minute. The degradation of CFP was tested under different stress conditions and the method was validated to meet the International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirement for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use guidelines. The retention time of the forced degraded solutions of CFP was found to be 0.76, 0.83, 0.81, and 0.82 minutes for forced acidic, oxidation, thermal, and neutral conditions, respectively. The MS/MS spectra for CFP at 179.15 and 241.33 ± 0.06 in different stress conditions (except basic) with retention times at 0.90 ± 0.02 and 0.84 ± 0.10 minutes indicate Cefepime degradant 1 (CD1) and Cefepime degradant 2 (CD2), respectively. The MS/MS spectra for CFP basic degradant (CD1) in the basic medium were obtained at an m/z ratio of 179.15. The research findings conclude that CFP was unstable with partial degradations in all conditions, and complete degradation in basic medium.","PeriodicalId":15126,"journal":{"name":"journal of applied pharmaceutical science","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77397209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Functionalized carbon nanotubes—A boon in treating brain diseases 功能化碳纳米管——治疗脑部疾病的福音
journal of applied pharmaceutical science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.7324/japs.2023.107158
Rajkumar Ghosh, Jagabandhu Bag, A. Datta, Arup Pramanick, Isa Hassan Abubakar
{"title":"Functionalized carbon nanotubes—A boon in treating brain diseases","authors":"Rajkumar Ghosh, Jagabandhu Bag, A. Datta, Arup Pramanick, Isa Hassan Abubakar","doi":"10.7324/japs.2023.107158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/japs.2023.107158","url":null,"abstract":"Typical intrinsic properties of carbon nanotube (CNTs) like one-dimensional structure with very high mechanical strength, high thermal and electrical conductivity, high aspect ratio, high surface area, ability to conjugate with functional groups, and elevated surface functionalizing capacity have made it a nanostructure of choice to be manipulated for drug delivery for the past two decades. The human brain restricts movements and or entry of ions, molecules, and cells between the blood and the brain because of the presence of the blood–brain barrier. As a result, administering drug molecules of choice to the brain under disease condition become constrained. Surface functionalized CNTs can render themselves efficient as drug carriers to the neurons, for extreme conditions like Alzheimer’s disease, glioblastoma, Parkinson’s disorder, brain stroke, brain tumor, etc. This review discussed in detail the advancement achieved so far in delivering drug molecules to the brain using CNT as the carrier and related management of toxicity so that a safer dose delivery can be made.","PeriodicalId":15126,"journal":{"name":"journal of applied pharmaceutical science","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89869825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pomolic acid: A short review on its chemistry, plant sources, pharmacological properties, and patents 酚酸:简要介绍其化学成分、植物来源、药理特性和专利
journal of applied pharmaceutical science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.7324/japs.2023.114932
E. Chan, Ying Ki Ng, C. S. Lim, V. S. Anggraeni, Z. Siew, C. W. Wong, S. Wong
{"title":"Pomolic acid: A short review on its chemistry, plant sources, pharmacological properties, and patents","authors":"E. Chan, Ying Ki Ng, C. S. Lim, V. S. Anggraeni, Z. Siew, C. W. Wong, S. Wong","doi":"10.7324/japs.2023.114932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/japs.2023.114932","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, the chemistry, plant sources, pharmacological properties, and patents of pomolic acid (PA) are reviewed for the first time. Also known as benthamic acid, PA is a pentacyclic triterpenoid of the ursane type. Its chemical structure has a 30-carbon skeleton comprising five six-membered rings A–E with seven methyl groups and two hydroxyl groups. PA was first isolated from the peels of apples. The compound is commonly reported in species of the families Rosaceae and Lamiaceae. Anti-cancer activities represent the major pharmacological properties of PA with breast cancer and leukemia cells being most susceptible. A wide array of other pharmacological properties of PA have been reported. PA has two patents filed by the same group of scientists from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil. Some areas for further research on PA are suggested. Sources of information were from Google Scholar, PubMed, PubMed Central, Science Direct, J-Stage, and PubChem.","PeriodicalId":15126,"journal":{"name":"journal of applied pharmaceutical science","volume":"128 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74832338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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