Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology Discovery最新文献

{"title":"Biocontrol potential of Gliocladium virens against damping off inducing pathogens in Amaranthus hybridus","authors":"H. Muhammed, A. Aliyu, Deborah Yageh Stephen","doi":"10.31248/jbbd2022.168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/jbbd2022.168","url":null,"abstract":"Damping-off disease is caused by several soil-borne fungi such as Pythium ultimum and Rhizoctonia solani, which infect seedlings and cause them to ‘damp off’ or collapse and decay. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocontrol potential of Gliocladium virens against damping off inducing pathogens in Amaranthus hybridus. Infected leaves of Amaranthus hybridus were collected from some selected farmlands in Lapai Local Government Area of Niger State, Nigeria. The fungal species were isolated from the plants with damping-off symptoms using the agar pour plate method. The isolation of fungal species from goat dung and chicken droppings was conducted using the serial dilution agar plate method. Isolates were identified using morphological characteristics features from the mycological atlas. Pythium ultimum and Rhizoctonia solani were associated with the plants and upon testing the pathogenicity of these isolated fungi on the plants, the severity of the disease was 85 to 100%. The fungus Gliocladium virens was identified from the two composted manures. Amaranthus hybridus seeds treated with Gliocladium virens produced plants that have significantly increased plant height (45.67cm) than untreated seeds (27.10cm). Higher stem girth was observed when the seeds were treated with Gliocladium virens (8.21cm). This was significantly different from the stem girth in plants from untreated seeds (4.12cm). Number of leaves produced per plant was significantly increased in plants from treated seeds (23.54) and decrease in plants from untreated seeds (13.17). From the result of this study, it could be concluded that, Gliocladium virens when seed coated, is a potential biological agent in controlling damping-off diseases and this will help the general public towards eradicating vegetable diseases.","PeriodicalId":15121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology Discovery","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87001358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicity evaluation of the arils of the fruit of Blighia sapida KD Koenig (Sapindaceae) in Wistar rats","authors":"Hoomsuk H. Maigida, M. O. Uguru, N. Wannang","doi":"10.31248/jbbd2022.164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/jbbd2022.164","url":null,"abstract":"The Methanol extract of the arils of fruits of Blighia sapida was studied for its toxic effects on certain hematological and biochemical indices as well as the histopathological examination of some organs of the Wistar rats. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed that the plant contains bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, cardiac glycosides, cyanogenic glycosides, steroid glycosides, cardenolides, terpenes and tannins. Three different concentrations of the extract were administered to different groups of the rats orally for 28 days in the sub-acute test and 90 days in the case of the Sub-chronic test. The extract showed no mortality even at a dose of 5000mg/kg. Other results obtained showed a significant increase in some hematological indices such as pack cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH). Others are mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), hematocrit (HCT), and lymphocytes (LYMP). However, white blood cells (WBC) and platelets (PLT) showed a significant decrease as the doses administered increased from low to high. There was also, a significant decrease in the levels of certain biochemical indices such as urea, creatinine, total bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) while the levels potassium (K+), chloride (Cl-), total protein and albumin were significantly increased. The methanol extract of the arils of fruits of Blighia sapida revealed mild distortion of hepatocytes, loose nuclei within the cells, and also complete loss of sinusoid with an increase in dose within the liver.","PeriodicalId":15121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology Discovery","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80917747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of sorghum varieties in moisture stress areas of South Omo Zone","authors":"T. Yoseph, Mhiretu Muluneh","doi":"10.31248/jbbd2021.161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/jbbd2021.161","url":null,"abstract":"Sorghum [Sorghum bicolour (L.)] is one of the most important cereal crops in Ethiopia. The low productivity of sorghum has been partly attributed to the use of low-yielding varieties and/or landraces. Field experiments involving four improved (ESH-1, Teshale, Dekeba, Melkam) and one local sorghum variety were carried out at Dasenech, Gnygatom, and Hammer woredas in 2019 under irrigation to identify the best performing varieties. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Parameters such as plant height, panicle length, 1000 seed weight, and seed yield were studied. The combined analysis of variance results showed that there were significant variations among the varieties for all the studied parameters. The mean values for plant height ranged from 172.33 cm for the improved variety Melkam to 263.44 cm for the local check. The mean values for panicle length ranged from 23.89 cm for the local check to 33.78 cm for the improved variety ESH-1. The mean values for 1000-seed weight ranged from 31.67 g for the variety Dekeba to 36.00 g for Melkam. The overall mean values for grain yield ranged from 1312.4 kg ha-1 for the local check to 4050.7 kg ha-1 for the improved variety Melkam. The grain yield advantages of 67.60, 64.54, 62.95, and 56.67% were obtained from the improved varieties Melkam, Dekeba, Teshale, and ESH1, respectively over the local check. The effect of varieties on grain yield was significant and therefore; the best performing varieties of sorghum namely Melkam (4050.7 kg ha-1) and Dekeba (3701.4 kg ha-1) are advisable and could be appropriate for sorghum production in the study areas and similar agro-ecologies even though further testing is required to put the recommendation on a strong basis.","PeriodicalId":15121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology Discovery","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79925021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of radiation doses delivered to patients during conventional pelvis radiographic imaging in selected Nigerian hospitals","authors":"B. Lateef, C. Olowookere, K. Olatunji, M. Gbenga","doi":"10.31248/jbbd2021.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/jbbd2021.153","url":null,"abstract":"Diagnostic X-ray procedures remain the largest contributor to the population dose from man-made radiation sources; therefore, there is need for evaluation of the health risks connected with the use of ionizing radiation in X-ray examinations. The aim of this study is to investigate radiation dose in pelvis imaging procedures in some diagnostic centers in Southern part of Nigeria. Entrance Surface Air Kerma (ESAK) was calculated using exposure parameters obtained during examinations. A total of 160 adult patients undergoing pelvis AP radiography in nine (9) hospitals having ten X-ray centers were considered in the study. The mean ESAK calculated ranged from 1.08 to 16.16 mGy for pelvis AP and ranged from 1.15 to 10.06 mGy for pelvis LAT. Wide variations were found in the dose values obtained from various X-ray units even within the same center. The doses estimated in this study were found to be lower, when compared with the NRPB-HPA 2010 review for UK.","PeriodicalId":15121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology Discovery","volume":"151 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76624107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploitation of rank summation index for the selection of 21 maize hybrids for green maize production in South-eastern Nigeria","authors":"E. Okoli","doi":"10.31248/jbbd2021.150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/jbbd2021.150","url":null,"abstract":"Green (fresh) maize (Zea mays L.) provides food security and income to farmers especially when other crops are still in the field. However, research on green maize varieties is scarcely reported in the literature or information on suitable genetic material (germplasm) for green maize production. Two local maize landraces collected from south-eastern Nigeria and five improved varieties sourced from the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) were used for this experiment. These seven genotypes were crossed in a half diallel mating system in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance and those found significant (p = 0.05) were further subjected to diallel analysis using Griffing’s method II and model I for fixed effects. Rank summation index was used for all the traits studied to identify and select the best performer amongst the genotypes. The rank summation index identified and selected the crosses between DTMA-4 X OKA BENDE-WHITE, OKA MBAISE X OKA BENDE-WHITE, PVA SYM 8 F2 X OKA BENDE-WHITE, POOL 66/ACR-91 X OKA BENDE-WHITE and DMR-ESRY X OKA BENDE-WHITE for the production of green maize in south-eastern Nigeria","PeriodicalId":15121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology Discovery","volume":"67 3-4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72605907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medicinal prospective of Citrus limon and Citrus sinensis peels essential oil by Gas Chromatography/ Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) compositional analysis","authors":"C. Edenta, P. E. Ozioma, C. J. Okoye, V. Nwankwo, O. Uraku, A. Uraku, C. Ezeali","doi":"10.31248/JBBD2020.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JBBD2020.129","url":null,"abstract":"Citrus fruits are highly nutritious and medicinal fruits that are commonly cultivated throughout the tropics. This study was carried out to determine the bioactive compounds of the methanol peel extracts of Citrus limon and Citrus sinensis. The peels from fresh fruits of C. limon and C. sinensis were air-dried at room temperature and were pulverized into fine powder. The bioactive determinations were carried out by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). The mass spectrum of the compounds found in the peels extract was matched with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) library. The results showed that four (4) and five (5) bioactive compounds were identified in C. limon and C. sinensis methanol peel extracts respectively. The C. limon peel extract contained 4-(methylsulfanyl) but-1-en-3-yne, Sulfanylphenylium, 1,3-thiazole and 3-methylidenecyclobutanecarbonitrile while C. sinensis contained Pyridine-2-carbaldehyde, 1-Methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde, Glutamic acid, 2-Ethyl-5-methyl-1H-pyrrole and Pyrrolidin-2-one. The results of this study therefore unveiled that the C. limon and C. sinensis peel extracts contained variable bioactive compounds with medicinal value and could be useful raw materials for pharmaceutical industries.","PeriodicalId":15121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology Discovery","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86668251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Induction od resistance against Penicillin expansum in harvested apple fruits using walnut green water extract","authors":"M. Darvishnia, J. Gholamnezhad, E. Bazgir, E. Zangoei","doi":"10.31248/JBBD2020.135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JBBD2020.135","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, apple fruits were first treated with different concentrations (1.5, 3, 4.5 and 6×1000) of walnut green skin water extract and Penicillium expensum pathogen. The activity of defense enzymes including of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, polyphenol oxidase, superoxide dismutase and β(1,3) glucanase were measured in the treated apple fruits in the sampling days, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days after pathogen induction of fruit. Then, genes expression levels encoding these enzymes were assessed by Real-time PCR. The results showed that the activity of the studied enzymes increased from the third day of sampling to the 9th day and then decreased until the 15th day. Pathogen and walnut green skin both increased the enzyme activity. As the concentration of the walnut green skin extracts increased, the activity of the enzymes increased. The highest activity of PAL, PPO, SOD and Glu enzymes was observed at day 9 at concentrations of 6×1000 with values 11.28 (U per mg protein), 5.37 (∆OD per min per mg of total protein), 26.87 (U per mg mg protein) and 23.89 (∆OD per min per mg of total protein), respectively. The results of measurement of gene expression were also in accordance with the activity of enzymes. Exactly on the 9th day, the highest gene expression was observed for the genes expressing each enzyme and in the treatment of both pathogens and extracts. The gene expression levels of PAL, PPO, SOD and Glu enzymes at 9th day and in apple treated with pathogen and green walnut skin extracts were 121, 148, 150 and 148 times higher than those genes in the healthy apples as control, respectively.","PeriodicalId":15121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology Discovery","volume":"131 9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82942553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors responsible for developing common oral antibiotic resistant to urinary tract infection (UTI) among the children","authors":"H. Khanum, N. Biswas","doi":"10.31248/JBBD2020.138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JBBD2020.138","url":null,"abstract":"The present study is designed to access the factors responsible for developing recurring infection and antibiotic resistance among children with urinary tract infection (UTI). The socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents are important to determine the level of awareness regarding antibiotic resistance; 16.1% children were between 1 to 5 years of age, 21.9% between 5.1 to 9 years, 29.9% between 9.1 to 12 years and 32.1% between 12.1 to 15 years of age who were suffering from UTI. Out of 137 children, 17.5% males were suffering from UTI and the rest 82.5% were females; it reveals that 34.3% children intakes less than 500 ml of water every day while 40.1% intakes 500 to 1000 ml of water, 21.1% children take about 1000 to 1500 ml of water and only 4.4% intakes more than 1500 ml of water every day. The present investigation showed that 50.4% of the children had a history of taking antibiotics while 29.9% did not know whether the child had a history of taking antibiotics and 5.8% has no history of taking antibiotic. Out of the 81 children who received treatment for UTI, 76.5% were fully cured after receiving antibiotic while 19.8% were not cured after taking antibiotic. Out of the 43 children who took the antibiotic on time, 79% took it for 1 to 3 days, 16.3% took it for 3 to 5 days and 4.7% took it for 5 to 7 days. Positive correlation found with male children, maintaining toilet hygiene and recurrent UTI.54.4% respondent used water to maintain the child’s toilet hygiene suffered from recurrent UTI and 92.8% respondent used other means excluding water to maintain the child’s toilet hygiene suffered from recurrent UTI (p<0.05). The major factors for developing recurrent UTI and resistance to certain antibiotics are taking medicine from pharmacy, doing self-prescription, incomplete medication courses along with lack of hygiene and insufficient water intake. There should be rational use of antibiotic and culture sensitivity for urine should be a mandatory test before administering antibiotics for UTI. There is need to build awareness about antibiotic resistance through health campaigns.","PeriodicalId":15121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology Discovery","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80227277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiological quality and HACCP of nono production in a Fulani settlement, Zaria Kaduna state, Nigeria","authors":"S. Bello, V. Umoh, M. Galadima, S. Mohammed","doi":"10.31248/jbbd2020.128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/jbbd2020.128","url":null,"abstract":"This research studied the frequency of occurrence of Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, yeasts and moulds in some retail uncontrolled fermented milk samples (nono), and a hazard analysis was conducted to trace the sources of contamination during processing and suggest critical control measures. Fifty (50) nono samples purchased from Fulani milkmaids in Samaru market of Zaria town, Kaduna, Nigeria, were analyzed for presence of E. coli, B. cereus, Yeasts and Moulds. The traditional processing of nono by 3 producers of some of the market samples analyzed was studied by observing processing steps, processing environment, collecting raw and fermented milk samples, cow dung, hand swabs, swabs of milk contact surfaces, and exposing sterile plates to milking environment. Nono processing for all 3 producers involved spontaneous fermentation of fresh unpasteurized milk in calabashes at ambient temperature (25±40C) for 24 hours, fat separation from fermented milk, addition of water, whisking, packaging in calabashes and storing at ambient temperature before sale. Mean plate counts of market nono samples were at levels considered unsatisfactory for E. coli (≥ 102) in 76 %of samples, potentially hazardous for B. cereus (≥104) in 78% of samples and exceeded satisfactory limits for yeasts and moulds (<10) in all samples (100%). E. coli, B. cereus, yeasts and moulds were present in all 9 milk samples collected before and after fermentation during traditional processing. Yeasts and moulds were isolated from all samples (100%) during traditional processing except for wooden spoons (78%) and hand swabs (78%). Substandard practices like using unclean hands in manual milking and use of unpasteurized milk observed during traditional processing could explain presence of these microorganisms in market samples, as was also detected in raw and fermented milk during traditional processing. Findings of this study support that of previous researchers which established the impact of substandard processing techniques and hygiene on food quality.","PeriodicalId":15121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology Discovery","volume":"173 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74289983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of endoparasites in domestic owned cats in Dhaka city","authors":"Aysha Aurin, Rimi Farhana Zaman, H. Khanum","doi":"10.31248/jbbd2020.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/jbbd2020.123","url":null,"abstract":"Domestic cats can harbour a large range endoparasites, many of which have zoonotic potential. Because domestic owned cats (pet) have a very close contact with their owners, cats infested with such parasites can be a threat to human health. The objective of the present study is to investigate the occurrence of endoparasites in domestic owned cats and awareness of zoonotic diseases among the cat owners in Dhaka Metropolitan City. Coprological examination was carried out on 30 domestic owned cats and 26 cat owners. The cats aged between 1 month to 13 years. In the domestic owned cats, effects of age, sex, season, type of household, frequency of giving anti-helminthic medicine and outdoor access were observed. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was 43.33% in the cats. A total of seven species of gastrointestinal parasites were identified from domestic owned cats, which were- Isospora felis (3.33%), Toxoplasma gondii (6.67%), Dipylidium caninum (13.33%), Toxocara cati (20%), Toxascaris leonina (3.33%), Ancylostoma tubaeforme (3.33%) and Ancylostoma spp. (6.67%). Kittens had the highest prevalence (45.45%) followed by adult (44.44%) and young cats (40%). Female cats (58.82%) had higher prevalence than males (23.08%) and it was statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05).","PeriodicalId":15121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology Discovery","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80099543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}