Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology Discovery最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Gmelina arborea, Roxb leaf meal on egg characteristics of Coturnix coturnix japonica, Temmick","authors":"Chioma Helen Asolo, J. Okeke, Francis Nnamdi Mayie, V. Okpoko, Raymond Orji Ezeanekwu","doi":"10.31248/jbbd2020.122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/jbbd2020.122","url":null,"abstract":"A thirty-six weeks feeding trial was conducted to determine the effect of inclusion of varying levels of Gmelina arborea on egg characteristics, using two (2) weeks old Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Ninety-six birds were allocated to four dietary treatment groups with three (3) replicates of eight (8) birds each in a completely randomized design comprising of control (C) containing 0 g/kg; T1, 50 g/kg; T2, 100 g/kg and T3, 150 g/kg of Gmelina arborea leaf meal. Feed and water were provided throughout the experimental period. Egg characteristics were the response criteria that were monitored and subjected to a one-way anova. There were significant (p<0.05) differences observed between treatments for mean egg number and egg shell weight, while no differences (p>0.05) were observed between treatments for eggs composition, weight of eggs, egg shell thickness, egg length, egg width, albumen height, albumen width, albumen weight, yolk height, yolk width, yolk weight. From this study, the egg laying performance and characteristics of eggs laid by birds suggested that among the treatments, up to 50 g/kg of Gmelina arborea leaf meal could be successfully included in quails’ diets without any adverse effect","PeriodicalId":15121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology Discovery","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87776305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physico-chemical properties of honey from different beehives and honey sources in selected Districts of Bale Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia","authors":"Aynalem Teshome, Belete Asefa, Tesfaye Amene","doi":"10.31248/jbbd2019.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/jbbd2019.115","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to assess Physico-chemical properties of honey from different beehives and honey sources in selected District of Bale Zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. A total 18 honey samples were collected from different hive types and honey sources for analysis of physico-chemical properties (color, moisture content, electric conductivity, pH, acidity, ash (mineral), HMF, reducing sugars (glucose and fructose), and sucrose content). Statistical analysis was used to analyse the data collected from laboratory parts. Data related to honey quality were analyzed using General linear model of SAS software (SAS, 2008). Whenever a statically significant difference (p<0.05) is observed, least significant difference (LSD) test was used to separate the means difference. Most of the laboratory results for common parameters were found in the range of the national and international standard limits. The result of physico-chemical properties showed that there was a significance difference (p<0.05) between hive types except for sucrose (g/100mg) (p>0.05). The overall mean of honey sampled from different hive types showed color (optical density) (10.86 mmpfund), moisture content (20.34%), ash (0.29%), electric conductivity (0.65 ms/cm), free acidity (57.66 meq/gm), pH (4.2), hydroxy methyl furfural (9.45 mg/kg), apparent reducing sugar (73.12g/100mg), sucrose content (0.1g/100mg) while the mean values for honey sampled from different honey sources were as follows: color (optical density) (10.65 mmpfund), moisture content (19.41%), ash (0.23%), electric conductivity (0.53 ms/cm), free acidity (45.33 meq/gm), pH (3.93), hydroxy methyl furfural (16.38 mg/kg), apparent reducing sugar (67.49 g/100mg) and sucrose content (0.5 g/100mg). Hive type and honey source had direct effects on physicochemical quality of honey. The findings show that there is a high need for techniques and technology intervention, so as to derive benefit from the large number of beekeepers in Bale zone and in the country in general both in terms of honey quality and quantity.","PeriodicalId":15121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology Discovery","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78278393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of powdered extract of peppermint (Mentha piperita) on adult cowpea bruchid (Callosobruchus maculatus) mortality during storage in Jos - Plateau","authors":"O. Amazu, C. Nwadike, M. Ishaya, O. Oladejo, J. Walter, Anayip Mudi, M. O. Shakirdeen, D. U. Mmadu","doi":"10.31248/jbbd2021.146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/jbbd2021.146","url":null,"abstract":"The over dependence and continues use of synthetic insecticides to control storage pests have been associated with several demerits. This study was conducted to evaluate the insecticidal effect of peppermint (Mentha piperita) leaf powder on Callosobruchus maculatus. The peppermint plant was sourced locally and the C. maculatus were cultured to obtain the adult Bruchids. The peppermint was washed, dried under ambient temperature and pulverized. Complete Randomized Design was adopted for this trial with three replications of six treatment dosages of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 12.5 and 0.0 g respectively of the plant material. The trial lasted for four weeks. High Bruchids mortality was observed after treatment with Mentha piperita leaf powder extract. Phytochemical screening of the test plant revealed presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, carbohydrates and cardiac glycosides. Descriptive statistic and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to analyze the data. Means (p≤0.05) were separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Dosage rate and mean mortality values at the various doses were statistically significant after 48, 72 and 96 hours. The mortality could be attributed to high presence flavonoid in the Mentha piperita leaf powder. The results suggest that the leaf of peppermint has insecticidal property against adult C. maculatus. However, further trials are required to investigate effective dosage rates for other stored grains and to isolate and characterize the active flavonoids contained in the plant.","PeriodicalId":15121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology Discovery","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82414061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact and control of anthropogenic pollution on the ecosystem – A review","authors":"E. Arihilam, Ngozi H. Arihilam","doi":"10.31248/JBBD2019.098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JBBD2019.098","url":null,"abstract":"An ecosystem borders on overall complex network of interconnections between the environments within a habitat. To make the ecosystem substantially habitable for both plants and animals, contaminations into the natural environment that could result to adverse changes to it must not be introduced. Human activities can influence nature generally and, on an environment, the change can be overwhelming giving the ravaging effects of present-day climate change for instance. Among the major threats of environmental problems that disrupt the natural equilibrium is the reckless discharge of pollutants generated from industrial activities. This paper highlights the character and impact of man-made environmental pollutions and suggest ways to combat anthropogenic pollution in our environment.","PeriodicalId":15121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology Discovery","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85005253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adsorption, kinetics and thermodynamic studies of Lead (II) ions from aqueous solutions onto bio-adsorbent prepared from locust bean seed shell","authors":"O. Ayorinde Jeje, Henry Oregbeme, J. Osula","doi":"10.31248/JBBD2019.093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JBBD2019.093","url":null,"abstract":"Adsorption has been widely used for the removal of heavy metals from waste water due to its availability, efficiency, profitability and its low cost of operation. In this study, locust bean seed shell powder prepared from locust been seed shell (LBSS) was used as adsorbent. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out in order to study the effect of process variables such as; adsorbent dosage, time, concentration, and temperature. The adsorbents both unmodified and modified were characterized using SEM, XRF, and FTIR. The results showed structural modification of the modified locust bean seed shell powder (MLBSSP). The adsorption equilibrium data of MLBSSP perfectly conform to Freundlich adsorption model based on its high correlation coefficient which is close to unity (0.9738). However, the kinetic studies showed that the process fit in well into pseudo second order due to its higher R2 (0.9662) in MLBSSP. The positive values obtained for change in enthalpy indicate that the adsorption process is endothermic in nature while the negative values obtained for change in entropy of the process reveal decrease in the randomness of the process and the positive values of change in Gibb’s free energy suggest non spontaneity of the adsorption process. The adsorbent (MLBSSP) shows excellent performance in removing Pb (II) ions from aqueous solutions and can be used as a substitute to the available expensive adsorbents since it is cheap, non-toxic and abundantly available.","PeriodicalId":15121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology Discovery","volume":"22 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80048197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of microsporidia infection among apparently healthy subject and immunocompromised patients in Minna","authors":"M. Njoku, I. Ejima, I. Olayemi, I. Omalu, E. Ubanwa","doi":"10.31248/JBBD2018.076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JBBD2018.076","url":null,"abstract":"Microsporidia are obligate intracellular parasite that infect both vertebrate and invertebrate. In human, infection mostly focus on immunodeficiency and immunosuppressive individual. This study describes the prevalence, association of microsporidia infection with CD4 T Cell and risk factors associated with microsporidiosis among apparently health subject and immunocompromised individual in Minna, Niger state, Nigeria. Six hundred and Ninety-four (694) stools samples were collected and examined for microsporidia using Giemsa staining. Cytometer flow was used to determine CD4 T cell count. Pretest questionnaire was used to determine demographic, environmental hygiene, living condition and characteristics of the participants. Results showed 42 (6.06%) of the participant with and without diarrhoeawere positive for microsporidia infection. Histogram were used to describe distribution of microsporidia infection across diseases state. With cytometer flow, 6 (33.3%) among HIV/AIDS with ≤ 50 cell/µl. Highest prevalence were recorded among age ≥ 15 when compare with < 15 with 32 (10.8%) and 10 (7.47%), respectively. This study is first report of microsporidia in Niger state. Diagnose of microsporidia should be included in management of HIV/AIDS infection in Niger state.","PeriodicalId":15121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology Discovery","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72629082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of microbial fuel cells in the degradation of 2,4,5,6-tetrachloroisophthalonitrile (chlorothalonil)","authors":"F. Mwaura, J. Mwaniki, D. Mbui, J. Kamau","doi":"10.31248/JBBD2018.085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JBBD2018.085","url":null,"abstract":"Pesticide’s persistence in the environment due to the relatively slow degradation mechanism leads to their bio-accumulation which in turn has adverse impacts on human health. Bio-remediation involves utilization of microbes from nature to the breakdown of organic molecules. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential of microbes in degrading chlorothalonil. Aerobic-anaerobic combined conditions in an H-shaped double chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC) were employed for the breakdown of chlorothalonil. Decomposing tomatoes were used as the major substrate with their proximate properties being analyzed using standard method.  Glucose loaded with different concentrations of chlorothalonil was introduced to the cells on day 10 when voltage production had stabilized. The voltage and current generated were monitored using a digital multi-meter while pesticide concentrations were obtained using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The highest voltage readings were obtained on day 9 of degradation, with values ranging from 0.463 to 0.537 V. The current ranged from 0.002 to 0.076 mA. Higher voltage and current values were recorded in solutions with lower pesticide concentration. The obtained degradation level was highest in 10 g glucose at 95.95 and 98.75% for day 10 and 20 respectively. The lowest breakdown was observed in the cells without glucose at 10.54 and 31.04% on day 10 and 20 respectively. The results demonstrate that MFC technology can be employed in mineralization of chlorinated pesticides as an alternative for incineration and photo-degradation","PeriodicalId":15121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology Discovery","volume":"128 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79823000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of vitamin D receptor (VDR) genetic polymorphism in onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A Review","authors":"S. Aslam, F. Hussain, N. Sattar, K. Gillespie, N. Shafiq, S. Shaheen, Siraj-udin Sajid, Sobia Aleem","doi":"10.31248/JBBD2018.077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JBBD2018.077","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous studies disclosed the independent role of VDR genetic polymorphisms involved in pathogenesies of various metabolic disorders like type 2 diabetes mellitus in different populations, however no any conclusive or even key study conducted on South Asian population especially Pakistani population except on Indian population. Worldwidle, vitamin D defeciency and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are two interlated and most common health problems. Such interlationship is involved complex inheritance pattern.The polymorphisms of various genes including vitamin D receptor (VDR) might affect genetic susceptibility of T2DM by developing malfunctioning of beta pancreatic cells or insulin resistance. Genetic architecture of T2DM is different among various ethnic populations. The present review will focus on concept that polymorphism of VDR gene may has role in susceptibilty of onset of T2DM and its pathogenesises.","PeriodicalId":15121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology Discovery","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81811008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation, characterization and symbiotic performance evaluation of soybean (Glycine max) nodulating rhizobia from different districts of Bangladesh","authors":"Syed R Ali, Shefali Khatun, M. H. Rahman, M. Rashid, S. Yasmin","doi":"10.31248/JBBD2018.090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JBBD2018.090","url":null,"abstract":"Rhizobia can meet up nitrogen requirement of legumes by biological nitrogen fixation through symbiosis. The main objective of this study was to find out the morpho-physiological diversity of indigenous soybean nodulating rhizobia and to find effective rhizobial strains for enhancing better soybean production at different environmental conditions. Fourteen rhizobial strains were isolated and studied their morph-physiological characteristics; evaluated their nodulation and symbiotic efficiency at potted soil. Among the strains, seven were slow growing, four were intermediate to slow growing and three were fast growing. The strains exposed creamy, milky-white and transparent single colonies between 1.17 and 3.67 mm in diameter after 3 to 7 days on growth medium. Twelve strains were alkali producers and only two strains were acid producers. Most of them tolerated both acidic pH (4.0 and 5.0) and alkaline pH (9.0 and 10.0) conditions. All strains tolerated to 1.0% NaCl but none of them survived at 5.0% salt stress. They retained their normal growth up to 37oC but most of them showed growth susceptibility at 45oC and growth was inhibited at 50oC. The strains were inoculated as treatments on soybean plants to compare their performance on growth of soybean along with urea and control treatment. Overall, rhizobial treatments significantly increased nodulation and growth of soybean plants over recommended dose of urea and negative control. Diverse rhizobial strains were associated with soybean root nodules in Bangladesh. The strains SB-27, SB-28 and SB-212 were very effective and produced almost double plant dry matter weight over some other strains, dose of urea and negative control. The physical stress tolerant and highly symbiotic strains deserve to be effective as bio-fertilizer for soybean crop production.","PeriodicalId":15121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology Discovery","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75536361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies for pollen harvest and storage for increasing pollination and yield in hybrid rice seed production of Mestiso 19 cultivar","authors":"Jennifer M. Manangkil, R. E. Ragas, A. Ferriol, S. Brena","doi":"10.31248/JBBD2018.088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JBBD2018.088","url":null,"abstract":"Attainment of high seed yield in hybrid rice seed production is a function of the amount of pollen that the male parent can shed during pollination. Low pollen load of the male parent (TG101M) of hybrid rice, Mestiso 19 leads to low seed yield which limits the number of hybrid rice seed growers engaged in its hybrid seed production. Artificial pollination, through collection and storage of sufficient amount of pollen may provide a solution to the problem. Additional pollen artificially loaded onto stigmas of female parent of Mestiso 19 (PRUPTG101) may increase seed yield. The study was conducted during wet and dry season of year 2016 and 2017 at Phil Rice Central Experiment Station to develop technique in pollen collection and storage of TG101M. Pollens were collected at anthesis, 30 minutes and 1 hour after anthesis, then stored in amber glass, paper and ziplock plastics and stored for 24, 48 and 72 hours in 280C, 50C, -50C. Pollens were grown in three different media for pollen viability and germination and viewed under the microscope for pollen tube growth. Pollen viability and germination was high at anthesis and decreased thereafter. Pollen grains grown in media 2 maintained pollen viability even after 1 hour after anthesis. Pollen germination decreased over time regardless of media used. Pollen tube length was consistently high at anthesis when pollen grains were grown in media 2 and 3 only.  The length of pollen tube growth from medium 2 differed between 30 min and 1 hour. Less than 50% viable pollen was achieved after 24 hours of storage. Pollen viability and germination decreased beyond 24 hours. To increase the viability of collected pollen from TG101M for possible artificial pollination, grains must be collected at anthesis and stored immediately in amber glass under cold storage at negative 5°C.","PeriodicalId":15121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology Discovery","volume":"466 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83017381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}