Journal of Cancer Prevention最新文献

{"title":"Brazilian Berry Extract Differentially Induces Inflammatory and Immune Responses in Androgen Dependent and Independent Prostate Cancer Cells.","authors":"Larissa Akemi Kido,&nbsp;Isabela Maria Urra Rossetto,&nbsp;Andressa Mara Baseggio,&nbsp;Gabriela Bortolanza Chiarotto,&nbsp;Letícia Ferreira Alves,&nbsp;Felipe Rabelo Santos,&nbsp;Celina de Almeida Lamas,&nbsp;Mário Roberto Maróstica Jr,&nbsp;Valéria Helena Alves Cagnon","doi":"10.15430/JCP.2022.27.3.182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15430/JCP.2022.27.3.182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Jaboticaba is a Brazilian berry, which is rich in fibers and bioactive compounds and shows high antioxidant and antiproliferative activities. Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common type of cancer among men and its progression is influenced by androgens and inflammation. Previous studies reported the ability of the jaboticaba to modulate pathways involved in prostate diseases. The main objective of this study was to provide significant data about molecular targets of the jaboticaba peel extract (JPE) and its mechanisms of action in PCa cell lines with different androgenic status (LNCaP and PC-3). The results showed that JPE was able to decrease cell viability in both cell lines. LNCaP showed more sensitivity to JPE exposure, indicating the efficacy of the JPE treatment in terms of androgen responsiveness. JPE showed a distinct hormone dependent effect on the NF-κB signaling, with reduced NF-κB levels for LNCaP and increased NF-κB levels in PC-3 cells. Mechanisms related to cell death by apoptosis were stimulated after the JPE treatment, modulating B-cell lymphoma 2 and BAX for LNCaP and PC-3. Particularly for PC-3, the JPE treatment resulted in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction activation mostly by up regulating pro-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic, immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive genes. Also, a set of genes related to angiogenesis and metastasis were down-regulated by JPE. In conclusion, JPE exerted an antitumor effect on PCa for both cell lines which can be enhanced if androgenic reliance is considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":15120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Prevention","volume":"27 3","pages":"182-191"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f6/5a/jcp-27-3-182.PMC9537582.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40340012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Intervention for Preventing Colorectal Cancer: A Practical Guide for Physicians.","authors":"Sang Hoon Kim,&nbsp;Jeong Yeon Moon,&nbsp;Yun Jeong Lim","doi":"10.15430/JCP.2022.27.3.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15430/JCP.2022.27.3.139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a disease with high prevalence and mortality. Estimated preventability for CRC is approximately 50%, indicating that altering modifiable factors, including diet and body weight, can reduce CRC risk. There is strong evidence that dietary factors including whole grains, high-fiber, red and processed meat, and alcohol can affect the risk of CRC. An alternative strategy for preventing CRC is use of a chemopreventive supplement that provides higher individual exposure to nutrients than what can be obtained from the diet. These include calcium, vitamin D, folate, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and phytochemicals. Several intervention trials have shown that these dietary chemopreventives have positive protective effects on development and progression CRC. Research on chemoprevention with phytochemicals that possess anti-inflammatory and/or, anti-oxidative properties is still in the preclinical phase. Intentional weight loss by bariatric surgery has not been effective in decreasing long-term CRC risk. Physicians should perform dietary education for patients who are at high risk of cancer for changing their dietary habits and behaviour. An increased understanding of the role of individual nutrients linked to the intestinal micro-environment and stages of carcinogenesis would facilitate the development of the best nutritional formulations for preventing CRC.</p>","PeriodicalId":15120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Prevention","volume":"27 3","pages":"139-146"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6d/e6/jcp-27-3-139.PMC9537579.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40340016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disparities in All-cancer and Lung Cancer Survival by Social, Behavioral, and Health Status Characteristics in the United States: A Longitudinal Follow-up of the 1997-2015 National Health Interview Survey-National Death Index Record Linkage Study.","authors":"Hyunjung Lee,&nbsp;Gopal K Singh","doi":"10.15430/JCP.2022.27.2.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15430/JCP.2022.27.2.89","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most research on cancer patient survival uses registry-based (e.g., SEER) incidence and survival data that have limited socioeconomic status and health-risk information. In this study, we used the 1997-2015 National Health Interview Survey-National Death Index prospectively-linked pooled cohort database (n = 40,291 cancer patients) to examine disparities in patient survival by a broad range of social determinants, including race/ethnicity, nativity, educational attainment, income/poverty level, occupation, housing tenure, physical and mental health status, smoking, physical activity, body mass index, and alcohol consumption. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate mortality hazard ratios and cause-specific 1-year, 5-year, and 10-year survival rates for all-cancer and lung cancer. During 1997-2015, the 10-year age-adjusted (all-cause) survival rate for cancer patients with professional and managerial occupations was 89.66%, significantly higher than the survival rate of 83.17% for laborers or 83.66% for the unemployed. Cancer patients with renting house had significantly lower age-adjusted survival rates than those owning house (82.65% vs. 85.80%). The 10-year age-adjusted survival rates were significantly greater among cancer patients with regular physical activity than those without regular physical activity (90.18% vs. 83.24%). Age-adjusted survival rates were significantly reduced for cancer patients with lower income and education, poor health, and serious psychological distress, and among current and former smokers. The gap in survival narrowed with additional sociodemographic, health, or behavioral adjustment. Similarly large differentials were found in lung cancer survival. Marked disparities in all-cancer and lung cancer survival were found by a wide range of sociodemographic and health characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":15120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Prevention","volume":"27 2","pages":"89-100"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/21/cf/jcp-27-2-89.PMC9271407.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40613407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Stem Cell Related Gene Expression from the Osteosarcoma Cell Core Side.","authors":"Chaemoon Lim,&nbsp;Young Ho Roh,&nbsp;Seung Jin Yoo,&nbsp;Dong Kee Jeong,&nbsp;Kwang Woo Nam","doi":"10.15430/JCP.2022.27.2.122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15430/JCP.2022.27.2.122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteosarcoma is the most frequent primary malignant bone tumor with higher incidences in children and adolescents. Despite clinical evolutions, patients with osteosacoma have had a poor prognosis. There has been increasing evidence that cancer is a stem cell disease. This study sought to isolate and characterize cancer stem cells from human osteosarcoma with relevant literature reviews. Here we show that the emerging evidence suggests osteosarcoma should be regarded as a differentiation disease such as stem cell disease. Two human osteosarcoma cell lines were cultured in non-adherent culture conditions as sarcospheres. Sarcospheres were observed using histomorphology and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining. Expression of the embryonic stem cell marker was analyzed with use of reverse transcriptase-PCR. Sarcospheres could be reproduced consistently throughout multiple passages and produced adherent osteosarcoma cell cultures. Expression of stem cell-associated genes such as those encoding Nanog, octamer-binding transcription factor 3/4, sex determining region Y box 2 , c-Myc and ALP indicated pluripotent stem-like cells. These results support the extension of the cancer stem cell theory to include osteosarcoma. Understanding the cancer stem cell derived from human osteosarcoma could lead to the evolution of diagnosis and treatment for osteosarcoma patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":15120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Prevention","volume":"27 2","pages":"122-128"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/50/53/jcp-27-2-122.PMC9271406.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40613408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Nutrition Behavior and Colorectal Cancer Diet Recommendation.","authors":"Emmanuelle Laguerre,&nbsp;Tracy Matthews","doi":"10.15430/JCP.2022.27.2.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15430/JCP.2022.27.2.79","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The incidence of colorectal cancer has considerably increased worldwide, particularly among adults aged 50 and older. Despite numerous nutrition initiatives, colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a public health burden that affects younger adults in the United States. Understanding the potential factors contributing to non-adherence to nutrition recommendations can be helpful to develop effective nutrition initiatives to prevent CRC. This study aimed to determine differences in nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs (KAB); examine their associations on diet characteristics and weight status; and identify factors influencing eating patterns among ethnically diverse populations at risk for CRC and living in urban areas. The study used a quantitative descriptive and correlational research design in which data were collected through an online cross-sectional survey. A total of 377 participants responded to the survey. The study revealed a few significant differences in KAB levels between males and females. KAB levels were not associated with weight status but with meat recommendations among overweight or obese males. Ultimately, the study identified perceived barriers and facilitators as factors influencing participants' diets. Differences in KAB among males and females were inconsistent with the diet characteristics and weight status variables. This study suggests acknowledging these differences and inconsistencies when designing nutrition initiatives focusing on colorectal cancer prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":15120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Prevention","volume":"27 2","pages":"79-88"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/91/e8/jcp-27-2-79.PMC9271404.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40613410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Pilot Clinical Study to Investigate the Hypomethylating Properties of Freeze-dried Black Raspberries in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrome or Myeloproliferative Neoplasm.","authors":"Athena Dong, Xiaoqing Pan, Chien-Wei Lin, Yi-Wen Huang, Hayden Krause, Pan Pan, Arielle Baim, Michael J Thomas, Xiao Chen, Jianhua Yu, Laura Michaelis, Pengyuan Liu, Li-Shu Wang, Ehab Atallah","doi":"10.15430/JCP.2022.27.2.129","DOIUrl":"10.15430/JCP.2022.27.2.129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN) are bone marrow disorders characterized by cytopenias and progression to acute myeloid leukemia. Hypomethylating agents (HMAs) are Food and Drug Administration-approved therapies for MDS and MDS/MPN patients. HMAs have improved patients' survival and quality of life when compared with other therapies. Although HMAs are effective in MDS and MDS/MPN patients, they are associated with significant toxicities that place a large burden on patients. Our goal is to develop a safer and more effective HMA from natural products. We previously reported that black raspberries (BRBs) have hypomethylating effects in the colon, blood, spleen, and bone marrow of mice. In addition, BRBs exert hypomethylating effects in patients with colorectal cancer and familial adenomatous polyposis. In the current study, we conducted a pilot clinical trial to evaluate the hypomethylating effects of BRBs in patients with low-risk MDS or MDS/MPN. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated before and after three months of BRB intervention. CD45⁺ cells were isolated from PBMCs for methylation analysis using a reduced-representation bisulfite sequencing assay. Each patient served as their own matched control, with their measurements assessed before intervention providing a baseline for post-intervention results. Clinically, our data showed that BRBs were well-tolerated with no side effects. When methylation data was combined, BRBs significantly affected methylation levels of 477 promoter regions. Pathway analysis suggests that BRB-induced intragenic hypomethylation drives leukocyte differentiation. A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of BRB use in low-risk MDS or MDS/MPN patients is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":15120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Prevention","volume":"27 2","pages":"129-138"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/69/68/jcp-27-2-129.PMC9271408.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40613411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formoxanthone C Inhibits Malignant Tumor Phenotypes of Human A549 Multidrug Resistant-cancer Cells through Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1-Histone Deacetylase 4 Signaling.","authors":"Chutima Kaewpiboon,&nbsp;Nawong Boonnak,&nbsp;Sirichat Kaowinn,&nbsp;Natpaphan Yawut,&nbsp;Young-Hwa Chung","doi":"10.15430/JCP.2022.27.2.112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15430/JCP.2022.27.2.112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Considering that presence of cancer stem cell (CSC) subpopulation in tumor tissues confers anticancer drug resistance, we investigated whether human A549 lung cancer cells resistant to etoposide possess CSC-like phenotypes. Furthermore, it is known that these malignant tumor features are the leading cause of treatment failure in cancer. We have thus attempted to explore new therapeutic agents from natural products targeting these malignancies. We found that formoxanthone C (XanX), a 1,3,5,6-tetraoxygenated xanthone from <i>Cratoxylum formosum</i> ssp. <i>pruniflorum</i>, at a non-cytotoxic concentration reduced the expression of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) proteins, leading to inhibition of CSC-like phenotypes such as cell migration, invasion, and sphere-forming ability. Moreover, we found that treatment with STAT1 or HDAC4 small interfering RNAs significantly hindered these CSC-like phenotypes, indicating that STAT1 and HDAC4 play a role in the malignant tumor features. Taken together, our findings suggest that XanX may be a potential new therapeutic agent targeting malignant lung tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":15120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Prevention","volume":"27 2","pages":"112-121"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/77/27/jcp-27-2-112.PMC9271403.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40613406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breast Cancer Selective Disruption of Actin Cytoskeleton by Diallyl Trisulfide.","authors":"Eun-Ryeong Hahm, Sivapar V Mathan, Rana P Singh, Shivendra V Singh","doi":"10.15430/JCP.2022.27.2.101","DOIUrl":"10.15430/JCP.2022.27.2.101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diallyl trisulfide (DATS) is an attractive anti-cancer phytochemical with in vitro and in vivo growth inhibitory effects against different solid tumors including breast cancer. We have shown previously that an immortalized mammary epithelial cell line (MCF-10A) is resistant to growth inhibition by DATS. In this study, we performed RNA-seq analysis using a breast cancer cell line (SK-BR-3) and MCF-10A cells to gain insights into cancer selective effects of DATS. The Gene Ontology analysis revealed upregulation of genes associated with actin cytoskeleton but downregulation of mitochondria-related genes in the SK-BR-3 human breast cancer cell line but not in the non-oncogenic MCF-10A cell line upon treatment with DATS. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction confirmed DATS-mediated upregulation of several actin cytoskeleton-related genes in the SK-BR-3 cell line. The DATS treatment dose-dependently disrupted actin cytoskeleton in the SK-BR-3 cell line, whereas the MCF-10A cell line was more resistant to this effect. The DATS treatment caused a marked increase in phosphorylation of dynamin-1-like (DRP1) protein in the SK-BR-3 cell line. However, the DATS-mediated apoptosis was not affected by genetic deletion of DRP1 protein. The Reactome pathway analysis showed downregulation of genes associated with citric acid cycle in the SK-BR-3 cell line but not in the MCF-10A cells. However, expression of aconitase 2 or dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase was not affected by DATS treatment. In conclusion, this study reveals that actin cytoskeleton is a novel target of DATS in the SK-BR-3 cell line, which may explain its inhibitory effect on breast cancer cell migration.</p>","PeriodicalId":15120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Prevention","volume":"27 2","pages":"101-111"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/48/40/jcp-27-2-101.PMC9271405.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40613409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protocatechuic Acid, a Gut Bacterial Metabolite of Black Raspberries, Inhibits Adenoma Development and Alters Gut Microbiome Profiles in <i>Apc</i> ^<i>Min</i>/+ Mice.","authors":"Athena Dong,&nbsp;Chien-Wei Lin,&nbsp;Carla Elena Echeveste,&nbsp;Yi-Wen Huang,&nbsp;Kiyoko Oshima,&nbsp;Martha Yearsley,&nbsp;Xiao Chen,&nbsp;Jianhua Yu,&nbsp;Li-Shu Wang","doi":"10.15430/JCP.2022.27.1.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15430/JCP.2022.27.1.50","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Administration of black raspberries (BRBs) and their anthocyanin metabolites, including protocatechuic acid (PCA), has been demonstrated to exert chemopreventive effects against colorectal cancer through alteration of innate immune cell trafficking, modulation of metabolic and inflammatory pathways, etc. Previous research has shown that the gut microbiome is important in the effectiveness of chemoprevention of colorectal cancer. This study aimed to assess the potency of PCA versus BRB dietary administration for colorectal cancer prevention using an <i>Apc</i> ^<i>Min</i>/+ mouse model and determine how bacterial profiles change in response to PCA and BRBs. A control AIN-76A diet supplemented with 5% BRBs, 500 ppm PCA, or 1,000 ppm PCA was administered to <i>Apc</i> ^<i>Min</i>/+ mice. Changes in incidence, polyp number, and polyp size regarding adenomas of the small intestine and colon were assessed after completion of the diet regimen. There were significant decreases in adenoma development by dietary administration of PCA and BRBs in the small intestine and the 5% BRB-supplemented diet in the colon. Pro-inflammatory bacterial profiles were replaced with anti-inflammatory bacteria in all treatments, with the greatest effects in the 5% BRB and 500 ppm PCA-supplemented diets accompanied by decreased COX-2 and prostaglandin E₂ levels in colonic mucosa. We further showed that 500 ppm PCA, but not 1,000 ppm PCA, increased IFN-γ and SMAD4 levels in primary cultured human natural killer cells. These results suggest that both BRBs and a lower dose PCA can benefit colorectal cancer patients by inhibiting the growth and proliferation of adenomas and promoting a more favorable gut microbiome condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":15120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Prevention","volume":"27 1","pages":"50-57"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/57/a8/jcp-27-1-50.PMC8984655.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10268785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gene Expression Changes by Diallyl Trisulfide Administration in Chemically-induced Mammary Tumors in Rats","authors":"Eun-Ryeong Hahm, Shivendra V. Singh","doi":"10.15430/JCP.2022.27.1.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15430/JCP.2022.27.1.22","url":null,"abstract":"Diallyl trisulfide (DATS) was shown to be a potent inhibitor of luminal-type MCF-7 xenograft growth in vivo. The present study was conducted to determine the preventive effect of DATS administration using an N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced rat mammary tumor model, which shares molecular resemblance to luminal-type human breast cancers. The DATS administration (50 mg/kg body weight, 5 times/week) was safe, but did not reduce mammary tumor latency, incidence, burden or multiplicity. Therefore, we conducted RNA-seq analysis using mammary tumors from control and DATS-treated rats (n = 3 for each group) to gain insights into lack of mammary tumor prevention by this phytochemical. The gene ontology and the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway analyses of the RNA-seq data revealed upregulation of genes associated with ribosomes, translation, peptide biosynthetic/metabolic process, and oxidative phosphorylation but downregulation of genes associated with mitogen-activated protein kinases. A total of 33 genes associated with ribosomes were significantly upregulated by DATS treatment, including RPL11 and RPS14. Western blotting confirmed upregulation of RPL11 and neurofascin protein expression in mammary tumors from DATS-treated rats when compared to controls. A statistically significant increase in protein level of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2 was also observed in tumors from DATS-treated rats when compared to controls. On the other hand, expression of complex I subunits NDUFV1 or NDUFS1 was not affected by DATS treatment. These results offer potential explanations for ineffectiveness of DATS in the chemically-induced rat mammary tumor model. Inhibitors of the proteins upregulated by DATS may be needed to improve chemopreventive efficacy of this phytochemical.","PeriodicalId":15120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Prevention","volume":"27 1","pages":"22 - 30"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47594385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}