Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology最新文献

{"title":"Management strategies for primary lung carcinosarcoma: a case study and comprehensive literature review.","authors":"Zhonglian Wang, Ying Zeng, Hongting Jiang, Cha Luo, Fei Zhang, Xiaofeng Zhu, Qiaofen Fu","doi":"10.1007/s00432-025-06203-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-025-06203-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Primary lung carcinosarcoma, characterized by the presence of both carcinoma and sarcoma components, is a rare soft tissue malignancy. Its pathogenesis remains incompletely elucidated, and it exhibits significant resistance to conventional therapeutic interventions, resulting in a dismal prognosis. Consequently, there is currently no established standard treatment protocol for lung carcinosarcoma, leading most clinicians to draw upon their experiences with other tumor types when formulating treatment strategies.</p><p><strong>Case description: </strong>A 56-year-old non-smoking male presented with a progressively enlarging mass in the right cervical region, The diagnosis of lung carcinosarcoma was definitively confirmed through CT-guided biopsy. First-line immunotherapy combined with targeted therapy was ineffective; second-line chemotherapy was effective, chest CT revealed the disappearance of enlarged lymph nodes in the retrosternal area and a significant reduction of pulmonary lesions, but showed signs of brain metastasis. the patient passed away at home on June 27th, 2023 due to sudden onset dyspnea accompanied by loss of consciousness.</p><p><strong>Literature review: </strong>A comprehensive literature search for lung carcinosarcoma was conducted across four databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase, covering the period from 1968 to 2023. A total of 48 patients were included for analysis. Further survival analysis revealed a median survival time of 18 months; adjuvant therapy following surgery significantly improved survival compared to surgery alone and other treatment modalities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Lung carcinosarcoma is an exceptionally rare malignant neoplasm of the lung, and definitive treatment protocols remain elusive. The most effective strategy to enhance prognosis may still entail complete surgical resection of the lesions in conjunction with adjuvant therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":15118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology","volume":"151 4","pages":"147"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12014741/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144004621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic characterization of BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants in cancer and high-risk family screening cohorts in the UAE population.","authors":"Abeer Arif Abdalla Abutalib Al Ali, Moza Mohamed Alechleh Al Ali, Dalia Mahmoud Abdel-Hamid El-Shourbagy, Syed Hammad Hassan Tirmazy, Imran Mirza, Afsheen Raza, Muhammad Farooq Latif, Hemad Yasaei","doi":"10.1007/s00432-025-06188-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-025-06188-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Germline BRCA1/2 (gBRCA1/2) variants are strongly associated with hereditary cancers, and screening for these variants in high-risk populations is recommended for personalized management. This study aims to comprehensively characterize gBRCA1/2 variants in cancer and family screening cohorts from the Dubai Emirate, UAE.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A total of 443 patients with breast, ovarian, prostate and pancreatic cancer were tested for gBRCA1/2 variants from 2017 to 2022 using whole-gene sequencing, and data were analysed using variant interpretation and in-silico prediction tools. All BRCA1/2 variants were classified as P/LP or variants of uncertain significance (VUS) according to ACMG guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the cancer cohort, 38 out of 306 patients harboured gBRCA1/2 P/LP or VUS variants. Of these, 23 (7.5%) were classified as BRCA1/2 P/LP, while 15 (4.9%) were categorized as VUS. These variants were predominantly observed in estrogen receptor-positive/progesterone receptor-positive (ER + /PR +) and triple-negative breast cancer patients. Common BRCA1 P/LP variants included deletion frameshift variants (c.4065_4068del, c.68_69delAG, c.3228_3229delAG), an insertion frameshift variant (c.1140dup), and a nonsense variant (c.5251C > T). BRCA2 P/LP variants included a nonsense variant (c.5645C > A), a missense variant (c.7007G > A), and a deletion frameshift variant (c.2254_2257del). In the family screening cohort, 14 out of 137 samples harboured BRCA1/2 P/LP orVUS. Of these, five (3.6%) were classified as P/LP, while nine (6.6%) were VUS. Pathogenic BRCA1 variants included deletions (c.4065_4068del, c.3756_3759del) and a nonsense variant (c.5095C > T), while BRCA2 PVs included a deletion frameshift (c.771_775del) and a novel missense variant (c.8377G > A). In both cohorts, novel distinct variants were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>gBRCA1/2 variant prevalence in cancer and family screening cohorts can serve as beneficial personalized tool for management and treatment of cancer patients. Larger studies from other emirates of UAE will serve as a foundation for robust risk assessment and implementation of treatment and prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology","volume":"151 4","pages":"146"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12011969/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144012595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TROAP promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression via the PI3K/AKT pathway.","authors":"Liqiang Shi, Yajie Zhang, Cong Yang, Yaxin Wang, Yichao Han, Chuanyin Li, Yun Yang, Dong Dong, Mingyuan Du, Hecheng Li","doi":"10.1007/s00432-025-06200-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-025-06200-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Trophinin-associated protein (TROAP) plays a crucial role in various human cancers. However, its involvement in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the clinical significance and biological function of TROAP in ESCC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The expression and clinical relevance of TROAP in ESCC were analyze using GEO and TCGA databases. TROAP expression in ESCC samples was further validated by qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. In vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to assess TROAP's role in ESCC progression. RNA-seq analysis followed by western blotting and pathway-specific activator were conducted to explore the underlying mechanism.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TROAP was found to be overexpressed in ESCC and was positively correlated with higher histological grade and advanced clinical stage. Overexpression of TROAP promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ESCC cells in vitro, whereas knockdown of TROAP suppressed ESCC progression both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, TROAP facilitated ESCC progression by activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study revealed that TROAP promotes ESCC progression via activating PI3K/AKT pathway, suggesting that TROAP might be a promising therapeutic target for ESCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":15118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology","volume":"151 4","pages":"144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12009240/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144019401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic performance of node-RADS classification for primary lymph node assessment in rectal cancer: a modality benchmarking study.","authors":"Li Jiang, Zijian Zhuang, Xi Tang, Fugang Zhang, Haitao Zhu, Xuewen Xu, Dongqing Wang, Lirong Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00432-025-06196-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-025-06196-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate how well the Node Reporting and Data System (Node-RADS) diagnoses lymph node involvement (LNI) in the initial stages of rectal cancer, utilizing contrast-enhanced CT (CE-CT), T2-weighted MRI (T2WI) and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI (T1CE).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 113 rectal cancer patients who underwent radical surgery without neoadjuvant therapy. Two radiologists independently assessed regional lymph nodes using the highest NODE-RADS classification and histopathology as reference criteria. Diagnostic performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using the McNemar test with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Node-RADS showed improved diagnostic performance over short-axis diameter (SAD) in all modalities (AUC: 0.838 vs. 0.744 for CE-CT, 0.845 vs. 0.747 for T2WI, 0.853 vs. 0.786 for T1CE; all P < 0.05). The sensitivity and specificity of Node-RADS across three modalities ranged from 76.19 - 78.57% and 91.55 - 92.96%, respectively. Pairwise comparisons of sensitivity and specificity among the three modalities showed no significant differences after Bonferroni correction (all McNemar test P = 1.0). There was no significant difference in Node-RADS performance among the three modalities (all P > 0.05). The weighted kappa values were 0.742-0.798.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Node-RADS demonstrated superior diagnostic performance over SAD measurements and similar diagnostic effectiveness in assessing LNI for primary rectal cancer stages across CE-CT, T2WI, and T1CE.</p>","PeriodicalId":15118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology","volume":"151 4","pages":"145"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12009234/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143968002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Streptococcus anginosus: the potential role in the progression of gastric cancer.","authors":"Kun Xia, Yaoxiang Zhou, Wei Wang, Yinzhong Cai","doi":"10.1007/s00432-025-06201-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-025-06201-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastric cancer (GC) is among the most common and aggressive malignancies worldwide, characterized by a poor prognosis. Research on its pathogenesis and progression continues to evolve. Streptococcus anginosus (S. anginosus, SA) is a Gram-positive coccus commonly found in the oral cavity and upper respiratory tract, serving as a commensal bacterium in the oral, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tracts. It is frequently associated with abscess formation in various organs and tissues, as well as other purulent infections. In recent years, S. anginosus has gained increasing attention for its role in GC progression, potentially leading to chronic gastric inflammation and precancerous lesions, and ultimately promoting the development of GC. Emerging evidence indicates a strong association between S. anginosus and the malignant progression and unfavorable prognosis of GC. This review summarizes the role and underlying mechanisms of S. anginosus in GC and proposes that S. anginosus plays a pivotal role in its initiation and progression, underscoring its potential therapeutic significance.</p>","PeriodicalId":15118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology","volume":"151 4","pages":"143"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12009222/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143997306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silencing PPP2R1A inhibits the progression of gastric cancer cells.","authors":"Gengming Cheng, Laibijiang Wusiman, Dingding Song, Wenbin Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00432-025-06177-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-025-06177-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit A alpha (PPP2R1A) is the most common scaffold protein in the PP2A complex and has known tumor-suppressive functions. However, its role in gastric cancer (GC) is still unclear. This study aims to elucidate the potential regulatory role of PPP2R1A in the biological functions of GC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The mutation status and expression levels of PPP2R1A in GC were assessed through bioinformatics analysis, the correlation between PPP2R1A levels and patient survival rates was examined, and its potential functional network was analyzed. Stable AGS and MGC803 cell lines were set up for overexpressing and silencing PPP2R1A. The effects on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis were assessed through CCK-8 assays, scratch assays, Transwell assays, and flow cytometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The expression of PPP2R1A is significantly elevated in GC samples (P < 0.001) and is not caused by mutations in PPP2R1A (P > 0.05). Patients with high levels of PPP2R1A have a poorer 5-year survival rate (P < 0.001). Silencing PPP2R1A significantly inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GC cells while promoting apoptosis (P < 0.01). In contrast, overexpression of PPP2R1A does not have a significant impact on these cellular functions (P > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PPP2R1A has potential oncogenic properties in the progression of GC, and knocking down the expression of PPP2R1A can inhibit the tumor progression of GC cells. This suggests that PPP2R1A may serve as a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target for GC.</p>","PeriodicalId":15118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology","volume":"151 4","pages":"142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12008071/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144006058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Different cutoff values of the skeletal muscle mass and myosteatosis result in different clinical impact on overall survival in oncology. A subanalysis of a clinical trial.","authors":"Alexey Surov, Maximilian Thormann, Andreas Wienke, Jens Ricke, Max Seidensticker","doi":"10.1007/s00432-025-06190-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-025-06190-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Body composition analysis, particularly the assessment of sarcopenia and myosteatosis, has emerged as a potential prognostic tool in oncology. However, the clinical implication of body composition parameters remains inconsistent, largely due to the variability in cutoff values used across studies. This study examines the influence on prevalence and prognostic influence of different cutoff values for sarcopenia and myosteatosis in patients in a standardized cohort from a large clinical trial (SORAMIC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 179 patients with unresectable liver cancer from the palliative arm of the SORAMIC trial. Skeletal muscle index (SMI) was calculated by measuring the cross-sectional area of skeletal muscle at the third lumbar vertebra (L3) on baseline CT scans. We then applied 14 published cutoff definitions for sarcopenia (SMI) and 7 for myosteatosis (muscle attenuation) to determine their prevalence in this cohort. Cox regression models were used to analyze the relationship between sarcopenia, myosteatosis, and OS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of sarcopenia ranged from 8.9% (Van der Werf et al.) to 69.8% (Lanic et al.). Overall, 3 of the 14 cutoffs [Van Vledder et al. (HR = 1.53, p = 0.03), Coelen et al. (HR = 1.46, p = 0.03), and Derstine et al. (HR = 1.47, p = 0.04)] showed a relevant association with OS. Other cut off values were not associated with OS. The prevalence of myosteatosis varied between 10.1% (Nachit et al.) and 53.1% (Zhang et al.). One of the 7 cutoffs (Chu et al.) demonstrated a relevant association with OS (HR = 1.53, p = 0.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The large variability in prevalence and prognostic impact observed across different cutoff definitions underscores the urgent need for standardized, cancer-specific cutoff values for SMI and muscle attenuation. Establishing uniform criteria will enhance the reliability and clinical applicability of body composition metrics as prognostic tools in oncology. Further research should focus on refining these cutoffs and validating them across diverse cancer populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":15118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology","volume":"151 4","pages":"141"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12003470/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144019577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing postoperative pain control after modified radical mastectomy: a pilot study of ultra-sound guided erector spinae plane block vs intraoperative tramadol administration in oncology patients.","authors":"Ana Cvetković, Marković Ivan, Žegarac Milan, Marko Jevrić, Zoran Bukumiric, Mirčić Dijana, Andrej Jokić, Badnjarević Damjana, Marko Buta","doi":"10.1007/s00432-025-06197-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-025-06197-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block (ESPB) with intraoperative Tramadol for postoperative pain management after modified radical mastectomy (MRM). The primary focus was on pain intensity within the first 24 h, while secondary outcomes included the need for rescue analgesia, nausea, vomiting, and patient satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective cohort study, 49 female patients (ASA I-II, aged 30-80) who underwent MRM from 2021 to 2023 were analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups: one receiving ESPB preoperatively (25 patients) and the other receiving Tramadol during surgery (24 patients). Pain levels were measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), and data on rescue analgesia, vital signs, nausea, vomiting, and patient satisfaction were collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ESPB group reported significantly lower pain levels during the first six postoperative hours (NRS scores of 0 vs. 3; p = 0.005), along with a reduced need for rescue analgesia (88% vs. 54.2%; p = 0.010). Moreover, patient satisfaction was higher in the ESPB group (64% vs. 37.5%; p = 0.03). The intraoperative heart rate was also lower in the ESPB group (65.3 vs. 72.0 bpm; p = 0.030). No significant differences were found in nausea, vomiting, or length of hospital stay.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, ESPB demonstrates superior early postoperative pain control and improved patient satisfaction compared to Tramadol. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":15118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology","volume":"151 4","pages":"140"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12000122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144025416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of programmed death ligand-1 expression in preoperative transbronchial lung biopsy and resected specimens in non-small cell lung cancer.","authors":"Naoko Shigeta, Shuji Murakami, Kouji Yamamoto, Tomoyuki Yokose, Tetsuya Isaka, Kota Washimi, Yohei Miyagi, Haruhiro Saito, Hiroyuki Ito, Aya Saito","doi":"10.1007/s00432-025-06189-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-025-06189-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Programmed death-ligand 1 expression is heterogeneous in non-small cell lung cancer, and small specimens may not accurately represent the entire tumor. The current study investigated the discordance in programmed death-ligand 1 expression between preoperative biopsy samples and resected specimens.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively collected data of patients with non-small cell lung cancer who underwent surgical resection from May 2022 to June 2024. The programmed death-ligand 1-positive tumor proportion score was evaluated for each case.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 118 patients were included in this study. Programmed death-ligand 1 expression was discordant between the biopsy and resected specimens in 34 cases (28.8%), and it was underestimated in 25 (21.2%) biopsy specimens. The concordance according to Cohen's kappa was κ = 0.410 (95% confidence interval: 0.243-0.577). The number of discordant cases decreased as the number of tumor cells in biopsy specimens increased. In the group with > 400 tumor cells, agreement rate was 100%. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator model identified never smoker, small tumor size, clinical stage II-IV and ≤ 200 tumor cells in biopsy specimens as predictors of underestimation. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve using those four factors was 0.773 (0.663-0.884).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Programmed death-ligand 1 expression in biopsy and resected specimens is often discordant, often being underestimated in biopsy specimens. Discordance is more likely when tumor cell counts are low in the biopsy samples. Therefore, caution is advised when treatment decisions are made based on programmed death-ligand 1 assessments of small specimens.</p>","PeriodicalId":15118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology","volume":"151 4","pages":"139"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11996979/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143993040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RAF1 promotes anlotinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancer by inhibiting apoptosis.","authors":"Shuo Wu, Chenxi Hu, Pengwu Hu, Wei He, Kaiyuan Hui, Xiaodong Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s00432-025-06175-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-025-06175-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anlotinib is an effective treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but resistance to it often develops during therapy. RAF1, a serine/threonine kinase involved in cancer progression, has limited research in NSCLC, particularly regarding anlotinib resistance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Analysis of RAF1 expression in NSCLC and its relationship with targeted therapy resistance and apoptosis through bioinformatics methods. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was employed to evaluate the relationship between RAF1 expression and anlotinib resistance in NSCLC tissues. Anlotinib-resistant PC9 (PC9/AR) cells were constructed in vitro, and cell viability and apoptosis were assessed using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was carried out to evaluate RAF1 gene expression levels, and western blot (WB) analysis was conducted to determine the expression of RAF1, Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bioinformatics analysis showed that RAF1 was lowly expressed in lung cancer tissues in TCGA and GEPIA databases. Further pathway analysis indicated that RAF1 expression was positively correlated with targeted therapy resistance and negatively correlated with the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that high RAF1 expression in NSCLC tissues was related to anlotinib resistance (P < 0.05). In vitro experiments demonstrated that RAF1 contributed to anlotinib resistance in NSCLC cells. Overexpression of RAF1 increased cell viability and decreased apoptosis in PC9 and PC9/AR cells, while knockdown of RAF1 had the opposite effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RAF1 mediates anlotinib resistance in NSCLC cells by regulating apoptosis and may serve as a predictive marker for anlotinib resistance in advanced lung cancer patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":15118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology","volume":"151 4","pages":"138"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11996991/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143991160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}