Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology最新文献

{"title":"FSS-ULivR: a clinically-inspired few-shot segmentation framework for liver imaging using unified representations and attention mechanisms.","authors":"Ripon Kumar Debnath, Md Abdur Rahman, Sami Azam, Yan Zhang, Mirjam Jonkman","doi":"10.1007/s00432-025-06256-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-025-06256-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Precise liver segmentation is critical for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment planning, serving as a foundation for medical image analysis. However, existing methods struggle with limited labeled data, poor generalizability, and insufficient integration of anatomical and clinical features. To address these limitations, we propose a novel Few-Shot Segmentation model with Unified Liver Representation (FSS-ULivR), which employs a ResNet-based encoder enhanced with Squeeze-and-Excitation modules to improve feature learning, an enhanced prototype module that utilizes a transformer block and channel attention for dynamic feature refinement, and a decoder with improved attention gates and residual refinement strategies to recover spatial details from encoder skip connections. Through extensive experiments, our FSS-ULivR model achieved an outstanding Dice coefficient of 98.94%, Intersection over Union (IoU) of 97.44% and a specificity of 93.78% on the Liver Tumor Segmentation Challenge dataset. Cross-dataset evaluations further demonstrated its generalizability, with Dice scores of 95.43%, 92.98%, 90.72%, and 94.05% on 3DIRCADB01, Colorectal Liver Metastases, Computed Tomography Organs (CT-ORG), and Medical Segmentation Decathlon Task 3: Liver datasets, respectively. In multi-organ segmentation on CT-ORG, it delivered Dice scores ranging from 85.93% to 94.26% across bladder, bones, kidneys, and lungs. For brain tumor segmentation on BraTS 2019 and 2020 datasets, average Dice scores were 90.64% and 89.36% across whole tumor, tumor core, and enhancing tumor regions. These results emphasize the clinical importance of our model by demonstrating its ability to deliver precise and reliable segmentation through artificial intelligence techniques and engineering solutions, even in scenarios with scarce annotated data.</p>","PeriodicalId":15118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology","volume":"151 7","pages":"215"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144649571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depletion of UBAP2L suppresses colorectal cancer cell proliferation and radiotherapy resistance by regulating GPX4.","authors":"Yueyun Li, Xiansheng Wang, Xiangyan Zhang, Shuchao Zhao, Jiayun Lei, Chang Xu","doi":"10.1007/s00432-025-06266-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-025-06266-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this study is to investigate the potential role of UBAP2L in the proliferation and radiotherapy resistance of colorectal (CRC) cells.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinical and pathological data were collected from 257 patients with stage I-III primary CRC who underwent surgical treatment at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University (Qingdao, China) and Shandong Electric Power Central Hospital (Shandong China) from 2015 to 2019. Additionally, tumor biopsy specimens were collected from 30 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. The expression of UBAP2L in CRC tissues was tested using immunochemistry. The association of UBAP2L expression with clinicopathological data and outcomes of patients with CRC was determined. Overexpression and knockdown cells were constructed to evaluate the proliferation and radiotherapy resistance of UBAP2L in CRC cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results showed UBAP2L was significantly overexpressed in CRC tissues compared to adjacent non-tumor tissues (75.48% vs. 21.01%, P < 0.05). UBAP2L expression is associated with tumor location (P = 0.001), and deeper tumor invasion (T stage, P = 0.001). Survival analysis showed that the disease-free survival of patients with high UBAP2L expression was significantly shorter than that of patients with low UBAP2L expression (P = 0.006). Gain and loss-of-function experiments demonstrated UBAP2L-KD significantly inhibited the proliferation and radio-resistance of CRC cells, while UBAP2L-OE promoted the proliferation and radio-resistance of CRC cells. Moreover, ferrostatin-1 reversed the inhibitory effect of UBAP2L-KD on CRC cell proliferation and radio-resistance, while RSL3 reversed the promoting effect of UBAP2L-OE on CRC cell proliferation and radio-resistance. These findings suggest that UBAP2L regulates CRC cell proliferation and radio-resistance in a GPX4-dependent manner.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>UBAP2L is highly expressed in CRC, and its expression correlates with poor disease-free survival. Depletion of UBAP2L inhibits CRC proliferation and radio-resistance by downregulating GPX4. Therefore, UBAP2L may be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of CRC.</p>","PeriodicalId":15118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology","volume":"151 7","pages":"214"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144642649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical outcome and genomic biomarkers of immune checkpoint inhibitor-based therapies for cancer of unknown primary: a multicenter, real-world study.","authors":"Yunjie Huang, Riqing Huang, Meiting Chen, Zhousan Zheng, Haifeng Li, Rishang Chen, Tinghua Gao, Ditian Shu, Anqi Hu, Qiufan Zheng, Xin An, Yanxia Shi, Cong Xue","doi":"10.1007/s00432-025-06261-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00432-025-06261-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Given the limited treatment options recommended for cancer of unknown primary (CUP), especially the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), our study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ICIs and identify associated genomic biomarkers in these patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective, multicenter, real-world analysis included individuals with oncologist-confirmed CUP cases treated with ICIs across four hospitals in China. Clinical outcomes, safety and biomarkers were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between January 2016 and November 2023, 124 patients were enrolled. Of these, 117 patients underwent combination therapy, predominantly ICIs with taxane-platinum based chemotherapy (54.84%), while 7 received monotherapy. After a median follow-up of 18.6 months, the median progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 23.20 and 38.86 months, respectively. According to ESMO guideline, patients were stratified into favorable (n = 41) and unfavorable subset (n = 83). The favorable subset demonstrated significantly longer PFS and OS than the unfavorable subset (median PFS NR vs. 9.7 months, P < 0.001; median OS NR vs. 23.73 months, P < 0.001). There are 31 patients in our cohort whose PD-L1 detection results are available, while 25 patients was eligible for TMB assessment. Better clinical efficacy of ICIs was apparent for tumors with a higher PD-L1 expression (CPS ≥ 20) and a greater tumor mutation burden (> 12 mutations/Mb). Multivariate analyses revealed that higher ECOG performance status, the presence of visceral metastasis, and KRAS mutation were independently associated with inferior PFS and OS. Immune-related adverse events occurred in 49 (39.52%) patients, with one developing grade 3 pneumonia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The application of ICIs showed encouraging efficacy with an acceptable safety profile, suggesting its potential as an additional therapeutic option for CUP patients. Identifying predictive markers for ICIs response remains essential to enhance therapeutic strategies in CUP management.</p>","PeriodicalId":15118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology","volume":"151 7","pages":"213"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12255553/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144618048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does propranolol have a role in cancer treatment? A systematic review of the epidemiological and clinical trial literature on beta-blockers.","authors":"Jessica O'Logbon, Ludovica Tarantola, Norman R Williams, Shreeya Mehta, Aamir Ahmed, Elizabeth A Davies","doi":"10.1007/s00432-025-06262-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00432-025-06262-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Beta-blockers, originally developed for cardiovascular conditions, have been explored for their potential role in cancer treatment. Propranolol, a non-selective beta-blocker, has shown promise in inhibiting stress-induced signalling pathways associated with cancer progression. This systematic review aims to assess the evidence for the repurposing of propranolol as a treatment for various cancers, particularly breast cancer to answer the research question: Does propranolol improve cancer outcomes, including survival and recurrence?</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, including studies up to July 2024. Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs), systematic reviews, and meta-analyses were included if they assessed the effects of propranolol on cancer outcomes such as mortality, survival, recurrence, or biomarkers of tumour regression. A narrative synthesis was performed to summarise the findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-one studies were included, consisting of 7 RCTs, 4 systematic reviews and 20 meta-analyses. The evidence suggests that propranolol may improve cancer outcomes, especially when administered perioperatively, by reducing recurrence risk. However, the results remain inconclusive regarding its use in combination with chemotherapy or radiotherapy, as studies showed mixed results. The timing of propranolol administration, alongside its combination with other cancer therapies, appears to be a key factor in its effectiveness.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Propranolol has potential as an adjunctive therapy in cancer treatment, particularly in reducing recurrence risk during the perioperative period. However, further clinical trials are needed to better define its role in cancer therapy, particularly regarding optimal treatment regimens and patient populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":15118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology","volume":"151 7","pages":"212"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12255574/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144618049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The radiological response of patients with advanced bone metastases to lutetium-177-labeled DOTA-ibandronic acid assessed by metabolic tumor volume.","authors":"Juan Yang, Lihan Zhang, Yue Chen","doi":"10.1007/s00432-025-06258-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00432-025-06258-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Effective management of patients undergoing treatment with lutetium-177 labeled DOTA-ibandronic acid (¹⁷⁷Lu-DOTA-IBA) necessitates the identification of radiological response biomarkers that can mitigate disease progression and facilitate patient stratification for subsequent treatment decisions. This study aims to evaluate the metabolic tumor volume (MTV) as a quantitative measure of radiological response in bone metastases using gallium-68 labeled DOTA-ibandronic acid (⁶⁸Ga-DOTA-IBA) PET/CT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a single-center retrospective study, ⁶⁸Ga-DOTA-IBA PET/CT scans of patients with bone metastases who received ¹⁷⁷Lu-DOTA-IBA injections. Eligible patients had available PET/CT scans both prior to ¹⁷⁷Lu-DOTA-IBA therapy and at treatment cessation. The Hermes system was employed to delineate regions of interest at baseline and at treatment cessation to measure the MTV of bone metastases. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was utilized to assess the correlation between MTV and the baseline covariate, alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The Cox proportional hazards model and Kaplan-Meier curves were used to evaluate the association between baseline covariates, their changes at treatment termination, and overall survival (OS). The C-index measured the predictive discrimination of covariates for OS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Baseline ⁶⁸Ga-DOTA-IBA PET/CT images were available for 54 patients. Additionally, 30 patients underwent both baseline and post-treatment ⁶⁸Ga-DOTA-IBA PET/CT scans. Baseline MTV demonstrated a moderate correlation with ALP. Among baseline covariates, MTV and ALP were significantly associated with OS. Following treatment discontinuation, MTV decreased in 57% of patients, while ALP decreased in 83%. As a continuous variable, the relative change in MTV after treatment compared to baseline was significantly associated with OS, with a C-index of 0.69. Patients exhibiting a decrease in both MTV and ALP had a significantly longer median OS compared to those with a decrease in ALP alone.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both baseline MTV and its changes at treatment cessation were significant parameters associated with OS. The study warrants prospective validation of MTV as a quantitative imaging response biomarker for predicting OS in patients with BM treated with ¹⁷⁷Lu-DOTA-IBA.</p>","PeriodicalId":15118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology","volume":"151 7","pages":"210"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12241221/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144600491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of patient management of (radio-)chemotherapy-caused mucositis with the goal of enhancing patient treatment.","authors":"Helena Wolff, Bijan Zomorodbakhsch, Martin Schnizer, Christian Keinki, Jutta Hübner","doi":"10.1007/s00432-025-06238-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00432-025-06238-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>OM is a very relevant and sometimes therapy-limiting side effect of CT/RCT. There are prophylactic and therapeutic measures available that should be recommended to all patients. This study investigated how patients were informed about oral mucositis (OM) as possible side effect of CT/RCT, how well they knew about available prophylactic and therapeutic measures from the clinical guidelines and to what extent they applied these.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A standardized questionnaire on information and usage of prophylactic and therapeutic measures and patient-relevant outcomes based on the German S3 Guideline was distributed among patients in German cancer departments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Only 61.6% of 114 patients were informed about OM as possible side effect by their physician and 53.2% had complaints caused by OM. An insufficient number of patients were recommended to apply prophylactic and therapeutic measures. 63.5% of the patients felt well-informed about treatment options. The most frequently recommended measure was mouth rinse (50%). Only 17.6% of patients were advised to visit a dentist.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The measures proposed in the German S3 guideline were insufficiently recommended. To improve patient education and the quality of care, more intensive use should be made of information flyers, training of nursing staff and greater interdisciplinary cooperation. If treatment-associated OM is to be expected, dental consultations should be firmly integrated into treatment planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":15118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology","volume":"151 7","pages":"211"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12241179/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144600490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ColoViT: a synergistic integration of EfficientNet and vision transformers for advanced colon cancer detection.","authors":"Bukka Sathyanarayana, Sreedevi Alampally, Ramakrishna Akella, Veera Venkata Raghunath Indugu","doi":"10.1007/s00432-025-06199-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00432-025-06199-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Colon cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally, highlighting the urgent need for advanced diagnostic methods to improve early detection and patient outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study introduces ColoViT, a hybrid diagnostic framework that synergistically integrates EfficientNet and Vision Transformers. EfficientNet contributes scalability and high performance in feature extraction, while Vision Transformers effectively capture the global contextual information within colonoscopic images.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The integration of these models enables ColoViT to deliver precise and comprehensive image analysis, significantly improving the detection of precancerous lesions and early-stage colon cancers. The proposed model achieved a recall of 92.4%, precision of 98.9%, F1-score of 98.4%, and an AUC of 99% in our preliminary evaluation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ColoViT demonstrates superior performance over existing models, offering a robust solution for enhancing the early detection of colon cancer through deep learning-based image analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":15118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology","volume":"151 7","pages":"209"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12241262/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144591244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the editor; comments on \"metabolomic profile and its association with the diagnosis of prostate cancer: a systematic review\".","authors":"Umaima Cheema, Razia Sultana, Shamikha Cheema, Hassan Ijaz Cheema","doi":"10.1007/s00432-025-06248-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00432-025-06248-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology","volume":"151 7","pages":"208"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12241135/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144591246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of clinicopathologic characteristics and risk factors for missed diagnosis in synchronous multiple early gastric cancer.","authors":"Zhao Shi, Song Zhang, Meng Wang, Huimin Guo, Lei Wang, Ying Lv, Xiaoping Zou","doi":"10.1007/s00432-025-06259-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00432-025-06259-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to enhance synchronous multiple early gastric cancer (SMEGC) detection by analyzing clinicopathological features, correlations between main/minor lesions in SMEGC and gastric high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (GHGIN), and identifying risk factors for missed diagnoses.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A cross-sectional analysis included 130 patients with SMEGC or GHGIN undergoing endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital. Clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated, with lesions classified as main or minor. Correlations between lesions were assessed based on size, location, endoscopic morphology, histopathology, invasion depth, and vascular invasion. Risk factors for missed diagnoses were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 2580 patients treated with ESD, 130 with SMEGC or GHGIN were included in this study. The sizes of the main and minor lesions were positively correlated (r = 0.658, p < 0.001). The main and minor lesions showed moderate consistency in pathological type (kappa = 0.421, p < 0.001) and low consistency in endoscopic morphology, depth of invasion, and longitudinal position (kappa < 0.4, p < 0.05). Of 130 included patients, diagnoses for 37 were missed. Small and non-primary lesions were independent risk factors for missed lesions. We also found that the hospital grade at first gastroscopy was a risk factor for missed diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Endoscopists should be aware of the risk factors associated with SMEGC and consider the correlation between the main and minor lesions to prevent the oversight and misdiagnosis of SMEGC.</p>","PeriodicalId":15118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology","volume":"151 7","pages":"207"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12238181/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144591243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression profile and prognostic relevance of immune infiltration-related RBMS1 in gliomas: a multidimensional integrative analysis.","authors":"Yang Zhang, Ying Zhou, Sunfu Zhang, Liangxue Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s00432-025-06254-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00432-025-06254-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigates the expression characteristics of RNA binding motif single stranded interacting protein 1 (RBMS1) in gliomas and its associations with clinicopathological features, immune infiltration, and prognosis, aiming to evaluate its potential as a prognostic biomarker.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened from the GEO datasets GSE43378 and GSE178621 (thresholds: P < 0.05,|logFC|> 1), with RBMS1 validated via the TCGA and GEPIA databases. Correlations between RBMS1 and immune infiltration were assessed using the TISIDB. Correlations between RBMS1 and immune checkpoint molecules, costimulatory genes, and chemokines were also explored using GEPIA. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on 165 glioma and 62 normal brain tissues to analyze RBMS1 expression and its clinicopathological relevance (WHO grade, distant metastasis). Three-year survival outcomes were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier (K-M) curves and log-rank tests for overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS). Additionally, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were conducted to assess independent prognostic factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Integrated bioinformatic analysis identified RBMS1 as a key DEG, showing significant upregulation in gliomas (TCGA and GEPIA: P < 0.05) and moderate positive correlations with immune cell infiltration (Tregs: r = 0.461; NKTs: r = 0.505; Th1: r = 0.451; all P < 0.001). RBMS1 also showed significant positive correlations with key immune checkpoint molecules (PDCD1, CD274, CTLA4, etc.), costimulatory genes (CD28, TNFRSF9), and chemokines (CXCL9, CXCL10, CCL5), suggesting its potential role in modulating the immune microenvironment. Clinically, RBMS1 positivity was markedly higher in gliomas than controls (59.39% vs. 16.13%, χ² = 33.822, P < 0.001), correlating with advanced WHO grades (P < 0.001) and distant metastasis (30.62% vs. 14.93%, P = 0.021). Univariate analysis revealed that RBMS1 expression, WHO grade, tumor location, extent of resection, and metastasis were associated with prognosis. Survival analysis revealed significantly worse 3-year OS (34.69% vs. 70.15%) and RFS in RBMS1-positive patients (both P < 0.001). Cox regression analysis confirmed that RBMS1 was an independent prognostic factor for OS (P = 0.028, HR = 1.845, 95% CI: 1.068-3.188), along with WHO grade and metastasis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RBMS1 is aberrantly overexpressed in gliomas, associated with tumor aggressiveness, immunosuppressive microenvironment remodeling, and poor prognosis, positioning it as a promising prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target.</p>","PeriodicalId":15118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology","volume":"151 7","pages":"205"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12238165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144591245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}