Pâmela Ponce Martins, Evandro Silva, Marcus Vinicius Fernandes Prior, João Marcos Martins Ferreira, Marina Erê Pimenta Santos, Flavia Rodrigues Alves Patrício, Taicia Pacheco Fill, Jorge Maurício Costa Mondego
{"title":"Metabolomic Analysis of Phytophthora parasitica Growth in the Presence of β-sitosterol Indicates Adaptive Mechanisms Modulated by Sterols","authors":"Pâmela Ponce Martins, Evandro Silva, Marcus Vinicius Fernandes Prior, João Marcos Martins Ferreira, Marina Erê Pimenta Santos, Flavia Rodrigues Alves Patrício, Taicia Pacheco Fill, Jorge Maurício Costa Mondego","doi":"10.1002/jobm.70149","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jobm.70149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Phytophthora parasitica</i> is a generalist phytopathogenic oomycete that infects a series of crops with great economic interest, including tomato, tobacco, and citrus species. Sterols are essential lipids in eukaryotic organisms, playing a fundamental role in the structure and function of the cell membrane. Oomycete from Peronosporales order, including <i>Phytophthora</i> spp., are known for their inability to synthesize sterols, a characteristic that distinguishes them from many other organisms and influences their biology and pathogenicity. This dependence is not only crucial for zoospore sporulation but also for vegetative growth. Following the scenario at which sterol auxotrophy can interfere in the metabolism of such important phytopathogen, in this study we investigate whether β-sitosterol modulates the metabolome of <i>P. parasitica</i> and its vegetative growth. For that, we used liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry LC-HRMS combined with chemometric tools, to assess the metabolite profile of <i>P. parasitica</i> under different concentrations of β-sitosterol in the culture media. Even though mycelial growth was not significantly affected by different sterol concentrations, an evident metabolic reprogramming of the oomycete was detected. Among the metabolites differentially produced in the sterol presence are the sphingolipid sphinganine, histidine and the nucleoside methylthioadenosine. We discuss the influence of these metabolites in vegetative growth of the oomycete and infer possible roles in environmental adaptation and pathogenicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":"66 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12873457/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146118497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Plant-Multi-Pathogen Relationships: An Emerging Focus","authors":"Anadi Brahm Priyadarshi, Harshwardhan, Lubhanshi Raje Shisodia, Sandhya Sharma, Anurag Kumar Sahu","doi":"10.1002/jobm.70153","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jobm.70153","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pathogen-host interactions can involve cooperation or synergy, as well as competition and coexistence among different species. The host plant can also influence the competition among pathogens through defense mechanisms that target one or multiple pathogens, either in an active or passive manner. Nonetheless, typically, more virulent pathogens manage to bypass the host's defence strategies to establish infection. Research on plant-pathogen interactions primarily focuses on the model systems of a single host being infected by a single disease and model systems like <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> or <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> infected with pathogen have been generally used to identify genetic and molecular mechanism involved in plant immunity. However, in natural environments, microbes exist within complex communities, and plant infections often involve multiple genotypes, introducing complexities that the single host-single disease model cannot adequately clarify. In this discussion, we explore the latest insights into the interactions between hosts and multiple pathogens, as well as their impacts on both host resistance and vulnerability. We emphasize recent developments in co-infection systems and examine their potential implications for the epidemiology and management of plant diseases.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":"66 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146118495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bacterial Diversity in Fish Farms: Relation to Biofilm Formation, Antibiotic Resistance, and Heavy Metal Tolerance","authors":"Salman, Afroja Yasmin, Rahatuzzaman, Tasnimul Arabi Anik, Humaira Akhter, Anowara Begum","doi":"10.1002/jobm.70150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.70150","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria is facilitated by the excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics in aquaculture. This study assessed antibiotic resistance profiles and heavy metal responses of bacteria isolated on Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salts Sucrose (TCBS) agar from six sample types across three fish farms, yielding 51 isolates belonging to nine genera and 12 bacterial classes, with <i>Staphylococcus</i> being the most predominant genus. Although they appeared as Gram-positive on TCBS agar, 16S rRNA sequencing confirmed their taxonomic identity, indicating that TCBS selectivity requires reevaluation. Half of the isolates were multidrug-resistant (50.98%), and MDR and MAR index >0.2 were more frequent in Gram-negative (71%) than in Gram-positive isolates (33%). The most prevalent resistance determinants were <i>tetM</i> (62.7%) and <i>tetA</i> (54.9%), while only one isolate carried a carbapenemase gene. Biofilm formation was observed in 80.4% of isolates. Heavy metal susceptibility followed the order Cd²⁺ > Cr⁶⁺ > Zn²⁺ > Pb²⁺, and co-exposure to Cd²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Cr⁶⁺ (40 ppm) significantly increased resistance to imipenem. These findings indicate that aquaculture environments may act as reservoirs for co-resistant pathogens, posing potential risks to food safety and public health.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146136519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yanran Tang, Tingting Wei, Lujie Wang, Yuanyuan Mei, Heng Gong
{"title":"Multicopy insAB Sequences Are Efficient Gene Integration Sites in the Escherichia coli Genome","authors":"Yanran Tang, Tingting Wei, Lujie Wang, Yuanyuan Mei, Heng Gong","doi":"10.1002/jobm.70146","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jobm.70146","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Multiple replication sequences in a genome can provide multiple integration sites, thus increasing target gene integration efficiency. In this study, in the <i>Escherichia coli</i> BL21(DE3) genome, we identified 19 multicopy sequences including rDNA sites and insAB repeats that occurred 28 times and had the highest copy number. For target gene integration, at least 15/28 insAB sites underwent target gene integration with no concomitant effects on cell growth. In addition, <i>lacZ</i> activity at insAB sites reached approximately 4000 U/mg and was ten times that of rDNA sites. From our data, multicopy insAB sequences had favorable sites for target gene integration in <i>E. coli</i>. Therefore, using insAB sites, targeted gene expression in the <i>E. coli</i> genome can be conveniently adjusted to high levels.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146051772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Papri Nag, Nibendu Mondal, Jagannath Sarkar, Latha P. Chandran, Sampa Das
{"title":"Isolation of an Ammonium Excreting Actinomycetota, Microbacterium bengalense sp. nov. GB16_1_BIT, From Rice Rhizosphere","authors":"Papri Nag, Nibendu Mondal, Jagannath Sarkar, Latha P. Chandran, Sampa Das","doi":"10.1002/jobm.70145","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jobm.70145","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A novel Gram-stain positive bacterial strain, GB16_1_BI, with 70.3% G+C content was isolated from rice roots cultivated in the Madhyamgram field station of Bose Institute, West Bengal, India. GB16_1_BI is a nonmotile, nitrate reducing, ammonium releasing and plant growth promoting bacteria. The average nucleotide identity-analysis of GB16_1_BI showed highest identity with <i>Microbacterium enclense</i> NIO-1002<sup>T</sup> (ANIb: 82.55%; ANIm: 87.51%) and <i>Microbacterium phycohabitans</i> KSW2-29<sup>T</sup> (ANIb: 82.53%; ANIm: 86.79%). Type strain genome server comparison of whole genome sequence of GB16_1_BI with genomes sequences for other species of the genus predicted that GB16_1_BI as a novel species with the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values of < 30% with its closest phylogenetic relatives. The 16S rRNA sequence of GB16_1_BI showed 98.72% similarity with <i>Microbacterium proteolyticum</i> RZ36<sup>T</sup>, 98.42% similarity with <i>Microbacterium phycohabitans</i> KSW2-29<sup>T</sup> and 98.43% with <i>M. enclense</i> NIO-1002<sup>T</sup>. Whole cell fatty acid analyses showed iso-C16:0, anteiso-C17:0 and anteisoC15:0 as the predominant fatty acids. The strain was designated as Microbacterium bengalense sp. nov GB16_1_BIT (=MTCC 13245=JCM 37885).</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146051424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Characterization and Bioefficacy of Lecanicillium fusisporum With Other Entomopathogenic Fungi against Sucking Pests of Okra","authors":"Kandan Aravindaram, Ashwini Erappa, Shireesh Kumar Melur Prakash, Vijayreddy Dumpapenchala, Amala Udayakumar, Manjunatha Channappa, Sivakumar Gopalsamy, Harish Mukanara Nagarajappa, Sushil Satya Nand","doi":"10.1002/jobm.70147","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jobm.70147","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Aphis gossypii</i> Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) poses a major threat to okra cultivation, causing significant yield losses worldwide. This study evaluated the efficacy of the entomopathogenic fungus <i>Lecanicillium fusisporum</i> strain NBAIR-Vl8 against <i>A. gossypii</i> in both laboratory and field environments, along with <i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i> NBAIR-Ma4 and <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> NBAIR-Bb5a. <i>L. fusisporum</i> NBAIR-Vl8 exhibited high virulence, with an LC₅₀ of 4.22 × 10⁴ spores/mL and LT₅₀ and LT₉₀ values of 60.45 h and 86.97 h, respectively. Over 2 years of field trials, there were significant reductions in aphid (73.65%) and leafhopper, <i>Amrasca biguttula biguttula</i> (67.93%) populations and increased yield (6.64 q ha<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>) compared to untreated plots (3.98 q ha<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>). LC-MS/MS and GC-MS analyses of NBAIR-Vl8 identified important bioactive metabolites, including penitrem D, zwittermicin A, β-sitosterol, curcumin, and (1 R,2S)-naphthalene 1,2-oxide. To explore potential molecular targets, homology models of <i>A. gossypii</i> nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and chemosensory protein CSP8, as well as <i>A. biguttula biguttula</i> ribosomal protein L13 and tubulin beta chain, were developed and validated. Molecular docking using AutoDock Vina revealed that penitrem D had the highest binding affinities (−8.9 kcal/mol for nAChR), surpassing the commercial insecticide thiamethoxam (−5.4 kcal/mol for nAChR). β-sitosterol and curcumin also demonstrated strong interactions with CSP8 and structural proteins. These targets are essential for neurotransmission, olfaction, protein synthesis, and cytoskeletal integrity, indicating a multitarget mechanism of action of the drug. NBAIR-Vl8 shows significant biocontrol potential, supported by in vitro, field, and in silico evidence, highlighting its potential as a broad-spectrum microbial pesticide for integrated pest management.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146052119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Capturing Morpho-Genetic Diversity of Paramyrothecium roridum Across Cotton Growing Regions of Haryana, India","authors":"Anil Kumar Saini, Shubham Saini, Karmal Singh, Garima, Satish Kumar Sain, Suman Devi, Adesh Kumar, Anil Jakhar, Manisha Saini, Rubal Kamboj, Gutha Venkata Ramesh, Annu Dahiya, Pankhuri Singhal, Ishwar Das","doi":"10.1002/jobm.70144","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jobm.70144","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Paramyrothecium roridum</i> has recently emerged as a notable foliar pathogen of cotton in India, yet information on its population diversity remains limited. This study provides the first integrated assessment of the morpho-genetic diversity of <i>P. roridum</i> across traditional and non-traditional cotton-growing regions of Haryana. Thirty isolates collected from diseased cotton leaves exhibited clear phenotypic variability in colony appearance, sporodochial structures, growth patterns, and conidial dimensions, indicating considerable morphological plasticity within the species. ITS rRNA sequencing grouped all isolates into a single major clade with a small internal subgroup, reflecting overall genetic coherence with minor evolutionary divergence. Analysis of 544 nucleotide sites identified 20 segregating sites, demonstrating measurable polymorphism among isolates. Non-traditional cotton regions displayed greater genetic variability and more segregating sites than traditional areas, suggesting a broader genetic base and the influence of distinct ecological or agronomic selection pressures. Despite this variability, the low genetic differentiation coefficient indicated that all isolates constitute a largely panmictic population with unrestricted gene flow across cotton-growing zones. By combining morphological and molecular characterization, this study enhances understanding of <i>P. roridum</i> diversity, its dispersal potential, and evolutionary dynamics within Haryana. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detailed investigation of <i>P. roridum</i> population structure in Haryana's cotton ecosystem.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146052164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bacillus subtilis RK027 Induces Arsenic Stress Tolerance in Rice via Gene Expression Regulation","authors":"Abu Barkat Md. Gulzar, Pranab Behari Mazumder","doi":"10.1002/jobm.70143","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jobm.70143","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Arsenic contamination in agriculture negatively impacts the normal growth and development of plants, limiting crop production. Although plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can enhance plant growth under stress, the molecular mechanisms of induced systemic tolerance (IST) exerted by these bacteria remain unclear. Thus, this study was designed to isolate arsenic-stress-tolerant PGPR from the rice rhizosphere to evaluate its effectiveness in rice plant growth and to understand the molecular mechanisms of IST against arsenite (As<sup>III</sup>) through jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthetic (<i>OsAOS1)</i>, signaling (<i>OsJAR1</i>), and antioxidant (<i>OsSOD-Cu/Zn</i>, <i>OsCATA</i>, and <i>OsAPX1</i>) gene expression profiling. In this study, the arsenic-tolerant rhizobacterium RK027 was identified as <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, exhibiting multiple PGP traits, including IAA, ammonia, and EPS production, phosphate solubilization, and ACCD activity, under both non-stressed and As<sup>III</sup>-stressed conditions. The FT-IR analysis of EPS revealed the presence of functional groups that likely form As<sup>III</sup>–EPS complexes, reducing As<sup>III</sup> translocation. Rice seed priming with RK027 and subsequent plant inoculation exhibited significant improvements in morphophysiological and biochemical traits, including antioxidant activities, during the vegetative and reproductive phases under both conditions. The qRT-PCR analysis indicated that <i>B. subtilis</i> RK027 significantly upregulated <i>OsAOS1</i> (38% and 25%) and <i>OsJAR1</i> (35% and 30%), <i>OsSOD-Cu/Zn</i> (59% and 78%), <i>OsCATA</i> (40% and 18%), and <i>OsAPX1</i> (30% and 25%) compared to non-inoculated stressed plants in vegetative and reproductive phases, respectively. These enhancements suggest that <i>B. subtilis</i> RK027 exerts IST by enhancing JA-biosynthesis and downstream JA-responsive antioxidant pathways under As<sup>III</sup>-stress. Our findings highlight the potential of <i>B. subtilis</i> RK027 to improve rice plant health in arsenic-stressed environments.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146052092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dipransu Pradhan, Priyanka Priyadarshini, Rajashree Das, Mihir Tanay Das
{"title":"Actinomycetes of Mangrove Soil Sediments: Environmental Significance and Their Bio-Prospecting Potential","authors":"Dipransu Pradhan, Priyanka Priyadarshini, Rajashree Das, Mihir Tanay Das","doi":"10.1002/jobm.70141","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jobm.70141","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mangrove forests are considered one of the most productive ecosystems found in the tropical and subtropical intertidal coastal regions. It is a specialized ecosystem that shares characteristics of both terrestrial and marine environments, thereby sustaining rich biodiversity. The challenging environmental conditions of this ecosystem make it a hotspot for diverse organisms with specialized ecological functions and unique physiological capabilities. Actinomycetes of the mangrove sediment are a group of such organisms that display many unique physiological and ecological characteristics. Mangrove sediment mostly acts as a sink for various pollutants that are often transported into this ecosystem by both riverine and marine activities. Therefore, the microbes of this ecosystem, especially the actinomycetes, play a significant role in the biodegradation of persistent organic pollutants, bio-mobilization and/or immobilization of various inorganic contaminants, and ultimately help in the process of nutrient recycling. Apart from this, microbes that are living in this environment have a great potential for the production of diverse bioactive compounds. Mangrove-associated actinomycetes have been reported as a potential producer of novel antibiotics, antioxidants, antitumor and antifouling agents, and other pharmacological compounds. The present review work highlights how mangrove-associated actinomycetes contribute to environmental health through biodegradation and mineralization of toxic pollutants, and explores their capacity to yield novel bioactive compounds that hold promise for future bioprospecting and biotechnological applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146052075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}