Journal of Basic Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Regulation of MareA Gene on Monascus Growth and Metabolism Under Different Nitrogen Sources","authors":"Zhuolan Li,&nbsp;Sicheng Zhang,&nbsp;Shixin Guo,&nbsp;Ailing Li,&nbsp;Yurong Wang","doi":"10.1002/jobm.202400611","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jobm.202400611","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Monascus</i> is a widely used natural microorganism in our country, which can produce useful secondary metabolites. Studies have shown that the nitrogen source directly affects the growth, reproduction, and secondary metabolites of <i>Monascus</i>. As a global transcriptional regulator of nitrogen metabolism, <i>MareA</i> gene is involved in the regulation of secondary metabolism. In this study, we found the <i>MareA</i> gene that is highly homologous to the <i>AreA</i> gene sequence, and used <i>MareA</i> to obtain Δ<i>MareA</i> and OE-<i>MareA</i>. Three strains were cultured with glutamine, urea, NaNO₃, and (NH₄)₂SO₄ nitrogen sources. The <i>Monascus</i> pigments and related genes were analyzed by solid-state fermentation under different nitrogen sources. The results showed that the pigment production of the Δ<i>MareA</i> decreased, but the OE-<i>MareA</i> did the opposite. The secondary metabolites of the three strains were analyzed by HPLC and expression level of pigment biosytnthesis gene was determined by RT-qPCR. The relative expression levels of four key <i>Monascus</i> pigment genes in Δ<i>MareA</i> were significantly upregulated in <i>mppE</i> gene, but downregulated in <i>MpPKS5, mppG</i>, and <i>mppD</i> genes. <i>Monascus</i> pigment genes were increased in OE-<i>MareA</i>. In terms of growth regulation, the expression of <i>VosA</i> and <i>LaeA</i> genes was significantly reduced in Δ<i>MareA</i>, while OE-<i>MareA</i> significantly promoted the expression of <i>GprD</i> genes. The pigment production and gene expression in Δ<i>MareA</i> were significantly lower than that of C100, while the opposite was true of OE-<i>MareA</i> when NaNO₃ was added to the culture medium. In conclusion, <i>MareA</i> gene had different regulatory effects on <i>Monascus</i> growth and pigments metabolism under different nitrogen sources.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":"65 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142621086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conservation of the Polyamines Pathway in Ustilaginomycetes A Genomic and Experimental Approach.","authors":"Domingo Martínez-Soto, Albo J Hernández-Rojas, Laura Valdés-Santiago, Luis F García-Ortega, Adriana Ramírez-Martínez, Elías Trujillo-Esquivel, Fernando Pérez-Rodríguez, Lucila Ortiz-Castellanos, Claudia G León-Ramírez, Edgardo Ulises Esquivel-Naranjo, José Ruiz-Herrera, José Antonio Cervantes-Chávez","doi":"10.1002/jobm.202400561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.202400561","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polyamines are organic and aliphatic molecules essential for the growth, development, and survival of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. In fungi, polyamines play a crucial role in cellular differentiation and pathogenesis. Since fungi and animals are closely related evolutionarily, and fungi can be easily genetically manipulated in the lab, they serve as excellent models for studying polyamine metabolism and the molecular mechanisms controlled by these biomolecules. Although the metabolism of polyamines has been extensively studied in model fungi such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Ustilago maydis, the conservation of the polyamine biosynthesis pathway in other Ustilaginomycetes, a class of fungi that includes phytopathogens, saprophytes, mutualists, and mycorrhizae, has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, using a genomic and bioinformatics approach, we analyzed the conservation of the polyamine biosynthesis pathway in Ustilaginomycetes. Additionally, we confirmed the functional conservation of ornithine decarboxylase (Odc), which is involved in the synthesis of putrescine, one of the most important polyamines in fungi and complex multicellular eukaryotic organisms, using genetics and molecular biology tools. Moreover, we identified the differentially regulated genes by this polyamine in U. maydis. This research provides insights into the similarities and differences in the conservation of the polyamine biosynthesis pathway in fungi, and it expands our understanding of the role of polyamines and the mechanisms regulated by these molecules in eukaryotes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"e2400561"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142621077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing Biocontrol Potential of Streptomyces rochei Against Pythium aphanidermatum: Efficacy and Mechanisms","authors":"Iruthayasamy Johnson,&nbsp;Rangasamy Kavitha,&nbsp;Muthusamy Karthikeyan,&nbsp;Mookkan Paramasivan,&nbsp;Dhanabalan Shanmuga Priya,&nbsp;Rangasamy Anandham,&nbsp;Sevugapperumal Nakkeeran","doi":"10.1002/jobm.202400531","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jobm.202400531","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>) and chilli (<i>Capsicum annuum</i>) are globally significant vegetable crops susceptible to damping-off disease caused by <i>Pythium aphanidermatum</i>, leading to substantial yield losses. The study aimed to document the biocontrol and plant growth promotion potential of <i>Streptomyces rochei</i> against damping-off disease in tomato and chilli. The actinobacterial isolates ACS18 followed by ACT30, and AOE12 were accomplished as the most effective antagonists against <i>P. aphanidermatum</i> in vitro. Molecular characterization confirmed these isolates as members of <i>Streptomyces</i> genus, with ASH 18 the top performer identified as <i>S. rochei</i> isolate. Analysis of biomolecule through GC-MS during ditrophic interaction between pathogen and <i>S. rochei</i> showed the presence of various antifungal metabolites which were directly related to suppression of the pathogen. Subsequently, <i>S. rochei</i> was formulated into a talc-based preparation and used as seed treatment and soil application against damping-off. In greenhouse trials, significant reductions in damping-off incidence were observed, Furthermore, seedlings treated with <i>S. rochei</i> displayed enhanced root and shoot lengths compared to the uninoculated controls. These benefits potentiate <i>S. rochei</i> as a promising biocontrol agent and demonstrating its dual benefits of disease suppression and promotion of seedling growth.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":"65 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142621083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing pH and Light for Enhanced Carotenoid Synthesis and Antioxidant Properties in Sub-Aerial Cyanobacteria","authors":"Lakshmi Singh,&nbsp;Dibyani Prusty,&nbsp;Maheswari Behera,&nbsp;Kahkashan Perveen,&nbsp;Najat A. Bukhari","doi":"10.1002/jobm.202400570","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jobm.202400570","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Carotenoid, natural pigments, synthesized by plants and microbes are now much favored in global markets due to the awareness of their putative health benefits, and a wide array of commercial applications. There is a diversity of natural and synthetic carotenoid, but only a few of them are commercially produced, including carotenes (β-carotene and lycopene) and xanthophylls (astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, and capsanthin). However, for commercial production, plants and algae are more favored than cyanobacteria because of their much less carotenoid synthesis than land plants; although they are well known for producing commercially important carotenoid. But with advances in optimization of their carotenoid production, cyanobacteria can be used as a potential source of carotenoid production in the future allowing us to exploit its various applications. Hence, this study investigated the effects of pH and light conditions on carotenoid production in the sub-aerial cyanobacterium <i>Desertifilum dzianense</i> ON358232.1. The results revealed that the highest carotenoid synthesis occurred under alkaline conditions (pH 9) and red-light exposure, significantly increasing compared to the control (pH 7.2, white light). UV-Vis and FTIR analyses confirmed the presence of β-carotene as the primary carotenoid, demonstrating strong antioxidant potential. The study's findings highlight the optimal environmental parameters for enhancing carotenoid yield, which can be applied for industrial and pharmaceutical uses due to their antioxidant properties.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":"65 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142603816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information: Journal of Basic Microbiology. 11/2024","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/jobm.202470102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.202470102","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":"64 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jobm.202470102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142588095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing an Interactive Sequence Database for Shiitake Cultivar Identification","authors":"Jie-Hao Ou,&nbsp;Han-Yun Li,&nbsp;Yun-Shen Lu,&nbsp;Chi-Yu Chen,&nbsp;Yu-Hsuan Fan,&nbsp;Guan Jie Phang,&nbsp;Guan-Ying Huang,&nbsp;Sung-Yuan Hsieh,&nbsp;Yin-Tse Huang","doi":"10.1002/jobm.202400452","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jobm.202400452","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Shiitake mushrooms (<i>Lentinula edodes</i>) hold significant cultural and economic value, particularly in Asia where they are extensively cultivated. The diversification of shiitake cultivars, driven by the need to adapt to various climatic conditions and cultivation methods, has resulted in over 200 distinct cultivars. Reliable identification of these cultivars is crucial for breeding, intellectual property protection, and effective genetic resource management. Traditional morphological methods are inadequate due to their subjectivity and labor-intensive nature. This study leverages nanopore high-throughput sequencing to comprehensively analyze the rDNA regions (SSU, ITS, LSU, IGS) of 41 shiitake strains from Taiwan's Bioresource Collection and Research Center (BCRC), comprising 5 wild strains, 33 commercial strains, and 3 wild-commercial hybrids. Our results identified the IGS1 region as the most variable and suitable for cultivar differentiation. Consequently, we developed an interactive online database (https://github.com/Raingel/ShiitakeIGS1) that integrates 317 IGS1 sequences from Taiwan, Japan, and China. This platform allows users to upload their IGS1 sequences and identify similar cultivars through a user-friendly interface, enhancing the precision and efficiency of shiitake cultivar identification.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142583299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover: Journal of Basic Microbiology. 11/2024","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/jobm.202470101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.202470101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Cover illustration:</b></p><p>The functional network analysis shows interaction of proteins (circular) with metabolites (capsule-shaped) to show how the small molecules activated, inhibited, bound, or catalyzed the protein partners. Fungal isolates of marine origin <i>Aspergillus</i> sp. GSBT S13 and <i>Aspergillus</i> sp. S14 were compared to <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> volatilome and common metabolites were identified using an isolate of plant origin, <i>Bulbithecium</i> sp. GSBT E3 to identify common metabolites and pathways (see this issue, jobm.202400210).</p><p>(Figure: Mancheary John Prathyash Ushus, Department of Biotechnology, GITAM School of Science, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India)\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":"64 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jobm.202470101","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142588094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Orphan ParA Proteins in Replication and Cell Division in Rhodococcus erythropolis PR4","authors":"Shabnam Parwin,&nbsp;Preeti Srivastava","doi":"10.1002/jobm.202400428","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jobm.202400428","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bacteria have a very well-regulated mechanism for chromosome segregation and cell division. This process requires a large number of complex proteins to participate and mediate their functionality. Among these complex proteins, ParA and ParB play a vital role for the faithful segregation of chromosome. In <i>Rhodococcus erythropolis</i> PR4, besides the essential <i>parAB</i> operon, there are three orphan copies of <i>parA</i> genes. Here, we report that the orphan ParA2 and ParA3 have distinct roles in the cell cycle. The disruption of the orphan <i>parA2</i> or <i>parA3</i> gene resulted in elongated cells. Multiple septal rings and mislocalised septa were observed in <i>ΔparA3</i> and <i>ΔparA2</i> mutants, respectively. The subcellular localization of ParA2 revealed a distinct ring- and ribbon-like structure. On the other hand, orphan ParA3 was localized slightly away from the poles. The orphan ParA proteins were found to interact with ParB, the strongest interaction was observed with ParA2. Further, asynchronous replication initiation was observed in <i>ΔparA3</i> mutants suggesting its role in replication. This is the first report demonstrating the distinct roles of orphan <i>parA</i> genes from <i>Rhodococcus</i>.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":"65 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biocatalytic Potential of Pseudomonas Species in the Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons","authors":"Sivabalan Sivasamy,&nbsp;Shanmuganathan Rajangam,&nbsp;Thanigaivelan Kanagasabai,&nbsp;Dakshina Bisht,&nbsp;Rajkumar Prabhakaran,&nbsp;Sivanesan Dhandayuthapani","doi":"10.1002/jobm.202400448","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jobm.202400448","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), one of the major environmental pollutants, produced from incomplete combustion of materials like coal, oil, gas, wood, and charbroiled meat, that contaminate the air, soil, and water, necessitating urgent remediation. Understanding the metabolic pathways for PAHs degradation is crucial to preventing environmental damage and health issues. Biological methods are gaining increasing interest due to their cost-effectiveness and environmental friendliness. These methods are particularly suitable for remediating PAHs contamination and mitigating associated risks. The paper also outlines the processes for biodegrading PAHs, emphasizing the function of <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp., a kind of bacterium recognized for its capacity to degrade PAHs. To eliminate PAHs from the environment and reduce threats to human health and the environment, <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. is essential. Understanding the mechanism of PAH breakdown by means of microbes could lead to effective clean-up strategies. The review highlights the enzymatic capabilities, adaptability, and genetic versatility of the genes like <i>nah</i> and <i>phn</i> of <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp., which are involved in PAHs degradation pathways. Scientific evidence supports using <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. as biocatalysts for PAHs clean-up, offering cost-effective and eco-friendly solutions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":"65 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142521978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering the Biocontrol Potential of Trichoderma asperellum (Tv1) Against Fusarium-Nematode Wilt Complex in Tomato","authors":"Selva A. Anbalagan,&nbsp;Sudha Appusamy,&nbsp;Parthiban V. Kumaresan,&nbsp;Gopalakrishnan Chellappan,&nbsp;Swarnakumari Narayanan,&nbsp;Anandham Rangasamy,&nbsp;Kahkashan Perveen,&nbsp;Najat A. Bukhari,&nbsp;Riyaz Sayyed","doi":"10.1002/jobm.202400595","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jobm.202400595","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study assessed <i>Trichoderma</i> spp. as a biocontrol agent for managing wilt-nematode complex in tomato crops, aiming to mitigate yield losses. <i>Fusarium</i> sp. and <i>Meloidogyne</i> sp. were isolated from infected plant samples and confirmed molecularly and morphologically as <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f.sp. <i>lycopersici</i> and <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i>. Four <i>Trichoderma</i> spp. procured from the Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, India were identified molecularly as <i>Trichoderma asperellum</i> (Tv1), <i>Trichoderma asperelloides</i> (Tasd1), <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> (Th1), and <i>Trichoderma koningiopsis</i> (Tk1) utilizing ITS and TEF1 primer pairs. Among them, Tv1 effectively inhibited the mycelial growth of pathogen isolates. Furthermore, crude metabolite of Tv1 exhibited similar effects. The mortality rate of <i>M. incognita</i> J2s ranged from 90.48% to 100% after 24–72 h of incubation and inhibition percentage of egg hatching reached 90.20%. The shoot length, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight of the tomato plants treated with Tv1 conidia were increased. In a pot experiment, Tv1 treatment reduced disease incidence by 64.57%, comparable to carbendazim treatment (82.32%). Tv1-treated plants had fewer root galls, egg masses, and J2s per 100 g of roots than the inoculated-untreated control plants. The root-knot index (RKI) was significantly lower in plants treated with carbafuran (1.98 ± 0.047) and Tv1 (3.06 ± 0.086) than in control (4.47 ± 0.109). The bio-control efficiency of Tv1 against <i>M. incognita</i> was 21.04%, and the nematodes' reproductive factor (RF) declined to 0.53 in Tv1 treatment group. Based on the findings above, it was established that Tv1 effectively controlled nematode populations and wilt disease when applied in soil.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142545638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}