Journal of Basic Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Structural Insights Reveal Long-SSRs May Affect 4Fe-4S Protein Flexibility and Function in Methanogenesis.","authors":"Sahil Mahfooz, Pragya Anand, Ajay Bhatia, Jitendra Narayan, Motrih Al-Mutiry, Mohd Saeed, Irfan Ahmad, Yusuf Akhter","doi":"10.1002/jobm.70111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.70111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) represent a fundamental component of an organism's genome and can play critical roles in genome organization and evolution. In this study, we examined the prevalence, relative abundance (RA), and relative density (RD) of long SSRs across various methanogens to uncover their evolutionary relevance and potential functional implications. Among the species analyzed, Methanococcus aeolicus exhibited the highest RA and RD values (110.0 and 1844.5, respectively), followed by Methanococcus liminatans (86.6 and 1087.0). In contrast, the lowest values were observed in Methanococcus abyssi (20.6 and 277.0). Notably, methanogens are generally characterized by A + T-rich genomes, and a positive correlation (r = 0.380) was found between SSR frequency and AT content. SSRs were distributed unevenly between genic and intergenic regions: on average, 65.4 SSRs (67.4% of total) were located in genic regions, while 31.6 SSRs (32.4%) occurred in intergenic regions. To explore potential functional effects of SSRs, we performed 3D structural modelling of a long-SSR-containing 4Fe-4S domain protein from Methanococcus maripaludis. The model revealed that SSR insertions may influence domain-domain interactions and modulate the accessibility and flexibility of the active site, potentially contributing to protein adaptation under stress conditions and during methane production.</p>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"e70111"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145258448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sequential Inoculation and Microbial Nutritional Strategies Influence the Multifunctionality of Cyanobacterium-Based Biofilms.","authors":"Aditi Tayade, Radha Prasanna, Akanksha Bhardwaj, Deepti Varsha, Arun Kumar, Sangeeta Paul","doi":"10.1002/jobm.70110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.70110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multispecies biofilms combining Anabaena torulosa (An) with Trichoderma viride (Tr) along with either Providencia sp. (PW5) or Pseudomonas nitroreducens (B3) were optimized using eleven treatments with different inoculation strategies and evaluated from liquid to soil mesocosms scales. The optimal treatment, An-Tr (7 days after inoculation (DAI)) + PW5 (9 DAI), demonstrated significant increases in chlorophyll (45.2%), indole-3-acetic acid (66.9%) and total sugars (24.76%) over An alone, in liquid mesocosm, along with the highest polysaccharide content (6.56 mg g soil^-1) in soil-based mesocosms. Under controlled flask-conditions, An-Tr (7 DAI) + PW5 (9 DAI) and An-Tr (7 DAI) + B3 (9 DAI) exhibited higher nitrate reductase (30.4% and 25.1%) and glutamine synthetase (36.9% and 36.6%) activities compared to An alone, accompanied by elevated proteins. In soil-based micro- and mesocosms, An-Tr (7 DAI) + PW5 (9 DAI) demonstrated superior colonization potential reflected as enhanced enzyme activities, with one-fold increase in the activity of soil urease, β-glucosidase and soil chlorophyll against uninoculated soil. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis revealed distinct profiles, An-Tr (7 DAI) + B3 (9 DAI) exhibited higher 18:1 w9c and MUFA markers, with increased microbial activity and Gram-negative bacteria and anaerobic populations. In contrast, An-Tr (7 DAI) + PW5 (9 DAI) profiles demonstrated higher Gram-positive bacterial population, indicating enhanced resilience and nutrient cycling capacity. These collective findings underscore the promise of tailored inoculation strategies in optimizing biofilm composition for multifunctionality.</p>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"e70110"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detoxification of Fenoxaprop-P-Ethyl Herbicide: A Study on Physiological and Metabolic Adaptation of Anabaena laxa and Nostoc muscorum.","authors":"Wael A Fathy, Marwa Yousry A Mohamed, Emad A Alsherif, Shereen M Korany, Hana Sonbol, Samy Selim, Danyah A Aldailami, Abdelrahim H A Hassan, Amira M Shaban","doi":"10.1002/jobm.70109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.70109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl is a widely employed aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicide that inhibits acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase), thus interfering with fatty acid biosynthesis in target organisms. While its effects on terrestrial plants are well-documented, its impact on nontarget aquatic microorganisms, particularly cyanobacteria, which serve as the foundation of many aquatic ecosystems, remains inadequately characterized. Consequently, this study was undertaken to evaluate the differential uptake and metabolic responses of two cyanobacterial species, Anabaena laxa and Nostoc muscorum, upon exposure to fenoxaprop-p-ethyl. Cyanobacterial cultures were subjected to 200 mg/L of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl under controlled experimental conditions. Bioaccumulation was quantified, and a comprehensive analysis of photosynthetic parameters was conducted, including chlorophyll-a, carotenoids, CO₂ fixation, Rubisco, and PEPC activity. Additional biochemical profiling encompassed carbohydrates, organic acids, amino acids, and fatty acid composition. Anabaena exhibited a 26.3% higher accumulation of the herbicide compared to Nostoc (4.70 vs. 3.72 μg/g). Both species demonstrated substantial reductions in chlorophyll-a (57.4% in Anabaena, 47.2% in Nostoc) along with increased carotenoid production, with Nostoc displaying superior defensive capabilities (67.4% vs. 37.6% increase). Carboxylation enzyme activities were more severely inhibited in Anabaena. Despite ACCase inhibition, both species exhibited notable increases in total fatty acids, with distinct species-specific patterns in the accumulation of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Metabolic reconfiguration was further evidenced by significant accumulations of carbohydrates, organic acids, and selective amino acids, particularly branched-chain amino acids. The results highlight distinct species-specific metabolic adaptations to herbicide-induced stress, with Nostoc displaying more robust stress response mechanisms despite lower herbicide uptake. These findings provide valuable insights into the resilience of cyanobacteria to agrochemical exposure and underscore the potential ecological implications for aquatic microbial communities in agricultural watersheds.</p>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"e70109"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145212609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attenuated Clostridium perfringens Epsilon Toxin Mutants and Insights Into the Mechanism of Attenuation.","authors":"Zibei Huang, Haiyan Wang, Jinlin Huang, Wenbo Liu","doi":"10.1002/jobm.70107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.70107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin (ETX) is a potent pore-forming exotoxin responsible for severe enterotoxemia and necrotizing enterocolitis in ruminants. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying ETX pathogenicity and attenuation, several site-directed mutants (R25A, F92A, Y133A, F206A, D210A, and G221A) were constructed based on structural analysis. Cytotoxicity assays revealed reduced virulence in ETX-Y133A (hereafter referred to as Y133A), F92A, and F206A, with Y133A exhibiting the most significant attenuation. To further investigate the role of residue Y133, additional mutants (Y133E, Y133F, Y133S, Y133W, and Y133G) were generated. Selected mutants were evaluated for cytotoxicity, pathogenicity in BALB/c mice, and in vivo safety through histopathological analysis. Furthermore, their pore-forming ability, binding affinity to MDCK cells, and oligomerization properties were assessed. Results demonstrated that residue Y133 is critical for ETX activity, likely due to the necessity of its aromatic side chain for pore formation. In contrast, F92 and F206 appear to be involved in host-cell interactions via distinct mechanisms. These findings provide insights into ETX structure-function relationships and offer potential strategies for rational attenuation in vaccine development.</p>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"e70107"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145212630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information: Journal of Basic Microbiology. 10/2025","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/jobm.70104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.70104","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":"65 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jobm.70104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145204727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover: Journal of Basic Microbiology. 10/2025","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/jobm.70103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.70103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Cover illustration:</b></p><p>Degradation of plastic is potentially helpful way to prevent or mitigate contamination of the environment. For degradation, the adherence of potential degraders is prerequisite. Here, adherence and biofilm formation of <i>Methylobacterium aquaticum</i> A1 on PET film after 7 days of incubation in a defined medium.</p><p>(Photo: Injun Jung, Decomposition Co., Ltd, Pohang, Gyeong-Buk, Republic of Korea)\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":"65 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jobm.70103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145204795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-Prospecting Plant Growth Promoting and Antimicrobial Potential of Bacterial Endophytes From Medicinal Plant Rauvolfia serpentina.","authors":"Anisha Shrivastava, Lata Jain, Vinay Kumar, Anup Kumar Singh, Ravindra Soni","doi":"10.1002/jobm.70108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.70108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rauvolfia serpentina L. is a plant with medicinal and antimicrobial properties. The coexistence of endophytes inside plants plays a crucial role in their medicinal properties, imparting plant growth potential (PGP) and antimicrobial potential. To explore this, 58 bacterial endophytes were isolated from tissues of Sarpgandha. While screening for in vitro PGP activity, 19 isolates were indole-3-acetic acid producers (≥ 20 μg/mL), whereas 37, 15, and 12 isolates showed siderophore production and, phosphate and zinc-solubilization ability, respectively. Notably, 29, 18 and 9 endophytes showed nitrate reduction, DNase and urease production abilities, respectively. These endophytes also produce hydrolytic enzymes viz. as amylase, cellulase, protease, and lipase. Thirty endophytes showed antifungal activity among which 17, 16, and 18 isolates exhibited antagonism against Sclerotium rolfsii, Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani, respectively. Molecular characterization identified 14 endophytes belonging to phyla Firmicutes and Pseudomonadota representing three genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Aeromonas. Lipopeptide genes, namely surfactin and iturin were identified in the endophyte Bacillus velezensis and bacillomycin-D in Bacillus tropicus. In planta PGP evaluation of potential endophytes in chickpea demonstrated significant increase in germination percentage, shoot and root length, and fresh and dry biomass parameters in endophyte-bioprimed plants, particularly Bacillus xiamenensis NIBSM_SgR3. Similarly, during bioefficacy study, endophyte biopriming protects plants significantly from S. rolfsii infection up to 76.11% compared to infected control at 14 dpi, with maximum protection being conferred by Bacillus velezensis NIBSM_SgL59. Thus, promising endophytes especially Bacillus xiamenensis and Bacillus velezensis with multifaceted PGP and antimicrobial potential can be explored to develop bio-stimulants and biocontrol agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"e70108"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145185877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbes and Their Antimicrobial Strategies.","authors":"Erika Kothe","doi":"10.1002/jobm.70106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.70106","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"e70106"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145124453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Involvement of Int_Tn916 Type Tyrosine Recombinase in Nucleoid Structure in Deinococcus radiodurans.","authors":"Shruti Mishra, Himani Tewari, Hema Rajaram, Swathi Kota","doi":"10.1002/jobm.70101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.70101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tyrosine recombinases (YRs) are widespread among prokaryotes and archaea, catalyzing site-specific DNA recombination reactions in a variety of cellular processes like chromosome dimer resolution, transfer of mobile genetic elements, and DNA insertion. Deinococcus radiodurans is a gram-positive bacterium which is highly resistant to ionizing radiation. This bacterium harbors a tightly condensed nucleoid containing polyploid, and multipartite genome. Deinococcal FtsK protein was earlier reported to stimulate site-specific recombination catalyzed by Escherichia coli YRs- XerC and XerD in vitro. The trans expression of Escherichia coli XerC and XerD proteins in D. radiodurans resulted in diffused nucleoids and sensitivity to gamma radiation compared to control cells indicative of the role of YRs in nucleoid morphology. Protein-protein interaction studies revealed the interaction of putative deinococcal YRs- Dr0513 (Int_Tn916 type YR), DrA0155 and DrB0104 with DrFtsK. Overexpression of these putative YRs in E. coli resulted in filamentous cells with partitioned nucleoids. D. radiodurans Δdr0513 single mutant as well as Δdr0513ΔftsK double mutant cells exhibited altered nucleoid morphologies. The Δdr0513ΔftsK double mutant had slow growth rates both under normal and post gamma radiation recovery periods. Mislocalization of the HU protein on the nucleoid was also observed in the double mutant cells. Further, in vivo recombination experiments performed with a reporter plasmid containing E. coli dif sequence revealed that Dr0513 could perform site-specific recombination in the ∆xerC E. coli strain. These results functionally validate the role of uncharacterized Dr0513 protein as tyrosine recombinase in D. radiodurans, with a probable role in nucleoid compaction and genome maintenance in conjunction with DrFtsK.</p>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"e70101"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145080643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and Genome Analysis of Clonostachys reniana, a Novel Mycoparasitic Fungal Species.","authors":"Dong-Hui Yan, Fei Ren, Fangzhe Liao","doi":"10.1002/jobm.70102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.70102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study identifies Clonostachys reniana sp. nov., a newly recognized mycoparasitic fungus with potential as a biocontrol agent in sustainable agriculture and forestry. Dual cultivation experiments demonstrated a significant antagonistic activity of C. reniana against tree canker pathogens Botryosphaeria dothidea and Cytospora chrysosperma, achieving over 80% colonization of pathogenic colonies within 15 days, ultimately leading to the demise of the pathogenic colonies. Morphological assessment reveals differential features in conidiophore and conidia size and colony formation, setting C. reniana apart from closely related species, despite its phylogenetic proximity to C. pseudochroleuca as inferred from multilocus sequence analysis (ITS, LSU, RPB2, TEF1, TUB2). Phylogenomic tree and some gene families related to mycoparasitism also presented that this strain exhibits unique traits to the other species in Clonostachys, including the well-known biocontrol agents Trichoderma atroviride and C. rosea strains. Therefore, the distinct taxonomic status, antagonistic efficacy, and genetic attributes, making the native species a promising new mycoparasitic fungus for a potential candidate in integrated disease management in agricultural and forest ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"e70102"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145064674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}