Journal of Basic Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Root-Microbiome Signaling Under Co-Contaminant Stress: Rhizosphere Reassembly, Microbial Detoxification, and Plant Resilience Through Multiomics","authors":"Sajad Ali,&nbsp;Nabil Touzout,&nbsp;Akhtar Rasool,&nbsp;Mohammad A. Almalki","doi":"10.1002/jobm.70207","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jobm.70207","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Agricultural soils contain mixture of metals, pesticides, antibiotics, pharmaceuticals, and plastics. Their combined effects are shaped by contaminant chemistry, root activity, and microbial interactions at the rhizosphere interface. This review develops a mechanistic framework linking co-contaminant exposure with root sensing, exudate reprogramming, microbiome reassembly, multitrophic interactions, microbial detoxification, and plant stress adaptation. We distinguish taxonomic shifts from functional resilience and microbial resistance from plant protection. Particular attention is given to cross-kingdom interactions and microbial processes that control contaminant sequestration, transformation, nutrient availability, and host signaling. Multi-omics approaches are evaluated alongside stable-isotope probing, synthetic communities, metabolite supplementation, and genetic validation to identify candidate mechanisms for targeted causal validation. We then discuss microbiome engineering strategies for moving beyond descriptive community profiling toward predictive and function-oriented rhizosphere engineering. These strategies can be guided by contaminant fate and plant performance. By integrating contaminant chemistry, root–microbiome signaling, microbial functional responses, and plant adaptation, this review provides a mechanistic framework for understanding and engineering rhizosphere resilience under co-contaminant stress.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":"66 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149194105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Method for Analysing Germination of Aspergillus Conidia Using Real-Time Imaging","authors":"Katherine Priest,&nbsp;Christopher Campion,&nbsp;Jeppe Lund Nielsen,&nbsp;Anne Mette Madsen","doi":"10.1002/jobm.70208","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jobm.70208","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Live cell imaging is a useful tool for studying community interactions, morphological development, and population variance in microbial research. Here, we aim to develop a new approach to monitor the time until germination and the hyphal development rate of filamentous fungi at an individual level. Conidia of 19 <i>Aspergillus</i> species, including some xerophilic, were suspended in liquid Sabouraud medium, and conidia were tracked for 96 h using real-time imaging. A sorting algorithm was developed to categorize conidia into germinated or non-germinated pools based on a decrease in circularity and an increase in area. The increase in area used in the sorting algorithm was species-specific and was derived using segmented linear regression to determine the inflection point of area increase, which served as a proxy for the transition from isotropic to polarized growth. Of the 19 species measured, 15 germinated within 96 h. In the germinated species, we measured the hyphal growth rate until the experiment termination or until conidia exited the imaging frame. Hyphal growth rates were calculated both on the individual conidium level and using growth models on data from the first 24 h post germination. This methodology enabled a high-throughput, species-specific, and individual approach when comparing germination metrics. The live-cell imaging approach for monitoring fungal germination and hyphal growth rate provides an important framework for studying fungal development and has the potential to offer in-depth insights into early fungal growth that may be overlooked by conventional endpoint assays.</p>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":"66 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jobm.70208","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149194180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Biological Roles of Class II Hydrophobins at the Cell Wall of Filamentous Ascomycetes","authors":"Wilhelm Hansberg,&nbsp;Omar Páez","doi":"10.1002/jobm.70205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.70205","url":null,"abstract":"<p>One of the most elusive aspects of fungal cell wall biology has been dilucidating the specific functions of most cell wall proteins. Class II hydrophobins are small amphipathic proteins produced exclusively by filamentous ascomycetes. A comparative synthesis of their biological functions across species has been lacking for this specific group of proteins. This review examines the available genetic, cell biological, and biochemical evidence on Class II hydrophobins in filamentous ascomycetes, with emphasis on Sordariomycetes, organized by both gene copy number and functional category. Gene deletion studies across species consistently reveal phenotypic effects on conidiation, desiccation resistance, host adhesion, and hyphal architecture, with severity scaling inversely with gene copy number. The evidence points to Class II hydrophobins acting as structural components integrated into or closely associated with the cell wall matrix, modulating its hydrophobic properties and mechanical characteristics. Abolishing these cell wall modulating properties can result in phenotypes related to fungal development and fitness. Understanding the contributions of Class II hydrophobins and other similar proteins to cell wall biology is directly relevant to fungal pathogenicity, host recognition, and antifungal strategies targeting the wall surface.</p>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":"66 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jobm.70205","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149068406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information: Journal of Basic Microbiology. 10/2026","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/jobm.70206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.70206","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":"66 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jobm.70206","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149068405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Image-Assisted Quantification Using Arc GIS and LC-Ms Based Characterization of Pigments in Pycnoporus sanguineus","authors":"Ithi Gupta,&nbsp;Mayank Pandey,&nbsp;Monika Bhadauria,&nbsp;Rajendra Mehta,&nbsp;Bhaskar Chaurasia","doi":"10.1002/jobm.70204","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jobm.70204","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Pycnoporus sanguineus</i> is a medicinally important macrofungus recognized for its ability to produce diverse bioactive secondary metabolites, including extracellular pigments with potential biotechnological and therapeutic potential. The present study evaluated the growth characteristics, biomass production under solid-state and submerged culture conditions, pigment formation, and bioactivity of <i>P. sanguineus</i>. Among the submerged conditions, agitated cultivation in potato dextrose broth (PDB) produced the highest mycelial biomass (1.16 g dry weight) after 25 days of incubation. Comparative evaluation on six solid media revealed maximum radial growth on potato dextrose agar (PDA) with a growth rate of 74.66 mm within 120 h and a specific growth rate of 0.09048 h⁻¹. Pigment production was further assessed using modified PDA culture formulations and quantified by a novel ArcGIS-based digital image analysis approach. Pigment from all five formulations was extracted using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) with ethanol and subjected to UV-Visible spectrophotometric analysis for comparative assessment of relative pigment accumulation. Spectrophotometric analysis at 416 nm showed a positive correlation (<i>R</i>² = 0.8005) with the ArcGIS-derived pigmented area, validating image-based assessment of relative pigment accumulation. LC-MS analysis identified pigment-associated metabolites, including cinnabarinic acid, tramesanguin, lambertellin, and coibanoles A and B. The pigment extracts exhibited significant antioxidant and concentration-dependent antibacterial activities against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>, with MIC values supporting their antibacterial potential. Collectively, the results demonstrated that integrating Arc-GIS-based image analysis, UV-visible spectrophotometric, and LC-MS profiling provides a robust approach for the characterization and biological evaluation of <i>P. sanguineus</i> pigments, highlighting their potential for further application.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":"66 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149038728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population Density and Root Colonization of AM Fungi in the Mycorrhizosphere of Semiarid Plant Species","authors":"Murugesan Santhiya,&nbsp;Alagappan Gandhi","doi":"10.1002/jobm.70203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.70203","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The ecological role of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in subtropical semiarid habitats is yet unexplored. Five subtropical semiarid plant species—<i>Bambusa arundinacea</i> (Retz.) Wild., <i>Borassus flabellifer</i> L., <i>Eucalyptus globulus</i> Labill, <i>Euphorbia antiquorum</i> L., and <i>Vachellia leucophloea</i> (Roxb.)—collected from the Pudukkottai district of south India were used in this study to examine the diversity, abundance, and root colonization of AMF. The study aims to determine the mycorrhizal status of these host plants, investigate the connection between root colonization and AMF spore quantity, and estimate the influence of edaphic factors, such as soil pH and nutrient availability, and AMF distribution. The conventional wet-sieving and decanting method was used to extract AMF spores, and the root-staining technique was used to assess root colonization. There were 62 morphotypes detected in five genera: <i>Glomus</i>, <i>Acaulospora</i>, <i>Scutellospora</i>, <i>Gigaspora</i> and <i>Sclerocystis</i>. <i>Glomus</i> was the most abundant genus in this study. <i>B. arundinacea</i> and <i>V. leucophloea</i> showed the highest root colonization rates (&gt; 80%) and strong mycorrhizal interaction. In contrast, <i>E. antiquorum</i> had the highest spore abundance while <i>B. arundinacea</i> the lowest spore density. These results indicate that there is no direct correlation between root colonization and spore quantity in semiarid habitats because host compatibility and edaphic variables distinctly influence AMF colonization and sporulation. These findings emphasize the future utilization of native AMF as biofertilizer inoculants for sustainable agriculture and ecosystem resilience under water-scarce conditions and provide baseline ecological findings on AMF colonies in semi-arid habitats.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":"66 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148994654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms Underlying Efficient n-Eicosane Degradation and Physiological Adaptation in Rhodococcus erythropolis KB1","authors":"Yan Zhuang,&nbsp;Zhenjun Zhang,&nbsp;Ning Zhu,&nbsp;Feifan Leng,&nbsp;Yonggang Wang","doi":"10.1002/jobm.70201","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jobm.70201","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Low temperature limits microbial remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon–contaminated environments, yet the physiological basis for long-chain alkane degradation under cold stress remains insufficiently understood. In this study, <i>Rhodococcus erythropolis</i> KB1 was cultured with n-eicosane as the sole carbon source at 4°C, 16°C, and 30°C for 5, 10, and 15 days. Degradation performance, growth-associated traits, surface tension, membrane permeability, redox-energy metabolism, key enzyme activities, and putative GC–MS signals were evaluated. KB1 showed the highest n-eicosane degradation efficiency at 30°C, reaching 86.84 ± 0.21% by Day 15, accompanied by enhanced biomass accumulation, protein content, cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP450) activity, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) contents, and Na⁺–K⁺-ATPase and Ca²⁺–Mg²⁺-ATPase activities. Notably, KB1 retained substantial low-temperature degradation capacity, achieving 60.13 ± 0.44% degradation at 4°C by Day 15. Correlation analysis indicated that degradation efficiency was associated with membrane permeability, reducing-power supply, ion-transport activity, biomass accumulation, and interfacial regulation rather than a single enzymatic response. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis detected 23 putative compounds, including shorter-chain alkane-related signals, fatty alcohols, and fatty acid methyl esters, supporting a pathway involving terminal oxidation, β-oxidation, and downstream tricarboxylic acid (TCA)-cycle-related metabolism. Overall, <i>R. erythropolis</i> KB1 coordinates membrane-interface remodeling, redox-energy coupling, ion transport, and oxidative transformation to sustain n-eicosane degradation across temperature gradients. These findings identify KB1 as a promising cold-adapted microbial resource for petroleum hydrocarbon bioremediation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":"66 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148976945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole-Genome Analysis of Bacillus Licheniformis Ali5 and Synthesis of Lichenysin via Genome Shuffling","authors":"Zhengjun Pang,&nbsp;Bo Zhang,&nbsp;Zhengrong Tao,&nbsp;Fenghuan Wang","doi":"10.1002/jobm.70202","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jobm.70202","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Whole-genome sequencing of <i>Bacillus licheniformis</i> Ali5 was performed via MGI-seq PE150 and Nanopore single-molecule real-time sequencing. The strain has a 4,114,664 bp circular genome encoding 4030 protein-coding genes. Functional annotation across NR, COG, GO, KEGG, CARD, BacMet, and CAZy databases identified 4025, 2812, 988, 1242, 72, 69, and 94 corresponding genes, respectively, and antiSMASH 6.0 revealed multiple antimicrobial biosynthetic gene clusters, including intact lichenysin and lichenicidin VK21 A1/A2 gene clusters. Three rounds of recursive protoplast fusion-based genome shuffling, paired with a dual-index screening system, significantly improved strain growth and lichenysin biosynthesis. Recombinants exhibited shortened lag phase, enhanced proliferation, improved stationary-phase stability, and higher diauxic peak biomass. PP3-176 and PP3-186 showed 4.6%–8.1% higher 12-h shake-flask titer and 3.1%–4.0% higher maximum titer than the parental average, with excellent fermentation stability. 1-L bioreactor validation confirmed strong scale-up potential. PP3-186 achieved 27.2% and 31.6% titer increases at 12 h and 20 h, while PP3-176 yielded 20.4% and 14.6% improvements with robust metabolic performance. This study validates genome shuffling as an effective strategy for enhancing lichenysin production, providing candidate strains and technical support for industrial application.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":"66 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information: Journal of Basic Microbiology. 9/2026","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/jobm.70199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.70199","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":"66 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jobm.70199","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148903661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity and Distribution of Glomoid and Non-Glomoid Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Associated With Solanaceae","authors":"Ambika Chauhan,&nbsp;Pradeep Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1002/jobm.70200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.70200","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are widespread root-associated fungi that contribute to plant nutrient acquisition and soil ecosystem processes. However, information on the distribution of Glomoid and non-Glomoid AMF associated with Solanaceae hosts in the northwestern Himalaya remains limited. The present study evaluated the diversity, distribution, and observed host occurrence patterns of AMF associated with tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>), capsicum (<i>Capsicum annuum</i>), eggplant (<i>Solanum melongena</i>), and black nightshade (<i>Solanum nigrum</i>). A total of 72 AMF morphotaxa representing 13 genera were recovered from the rhizosphere soils, of which 39 taxa (54.2%) belonged to the Glomoid taxonomic group and 33 taxa (45.8%) to the non-Glomoid taxonomic group. Glomoid taxa showed higher occurrence frequency and broader observed host distribution, with <i>Glomus constrictum</i> and <i>Septoglomus deserticola</i> recorded in all four hosts. Non-Glomoid AMF contributed 45.8% of total richness and included a higher proportion of taxa observed in a single host. AMF richness varied among host species, with capsicum and eggplant supporting greater observed richness than tomato and black nightshade. Diversity indices were generally higher for Glomoid taxa, whereas evenness did not differ significantly between the two taxonomic groups. Overall, the study provides baseline information on AMF richness and distribution associated with cultivated and wild Solanaceae in the northwestern Himalaya. The observed occurrence patterns represent associations within the sampled hosts and should not be interpreted as evidence of confirmed host specialization or functional differentiation. Molecular identification, quantitative community data, environmental variables, and multivariate analyses will be required to investigate the ecological factors underlying these distribution patterns.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":"66 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148903908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}