Journal of Basic Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Multifaceted Rhizobacterial Co-Inoculation Enhances Drought-Stress Tolerance in Tomato: Insights Into Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Responses.","authors":"Waquar Akhter Ansari, Mohammad Shahid, Zaryab Shafi, Mohammad Abul Farah, Mohammad Tarique Zeyad, Khalid Mashay Al-Anazi, Lukman Ahamad","doi":"10.1002/jobm.70065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.70065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drought-tolerant multifunctional soil bacteria can increase drought tolerance mechanisms in plants. Here, rhizobacteria CRB-4 and SPGPR-11 were isolated and their single and co-inoculation effect was evaluated in drought-stressed tomato plants. Isolates were selected based on their preliminary polyethylene glycol (PEG) screening, and plant growth-promoting properties. Increasing water stress adversely affected growth and physiological attributes of tomato plant. However, plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), particularly their combined inoculation, alleviated drought stress. For instance, CRB-4, SPGPR-11 and their co-inoculation significantly increased root biomass (33.3, 37.5% and 45.4%), total chlorophyll (17.5, 15.6% and 19.2%) and carotenoid content (20, 30.4% and 48.3%) in 3%-PEG-stressed tomatoes. Similarly, co-inoculation of 3%-PEG-treated plants with PGP isolates resulted in a significant increase in Fv/Fm (50%), Fv'/Fm' (29.4%), PS-II (44.4%), Pq (40%), NPQ (40%), and effective electron transfer rate (37.5%). Furthermore, under 5%-PEG stress, CRB-4, SPGPR-11, and their co-inoculation enhanced drought stress resilience in tomato by improving leaf gas exchange attributes. Combined inoculation significantly enhanced gs (19%), Ci (31.2%), transpiration rate (41%), water vapor deficit (38.7%), iWUE (33.7%), and photosynthetic rate (33.3%) in 5%-PEG-stressed tomatoes. Among the treatments, co-inoculations significantly enhanced the antioxidant defense responses in drought-stressed tomatoes. Concurrently, qRT-PCR analysis revealed a significant upregulation in ROS scavenging genes, SOD, CAT, APX, GR, and POD, by 6.53, 14.08, 11.72, 10.12, and 5.95-fold, respectively, in drought-stressed plants co-inoculated with bacterial strains. This study concludes that PGP isolates CRB-4 and SPGPR-11, alone or in combination, offer an effective, eco-friendly solution for improving drought resilience in tomatoes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"e70065"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144187091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Fungal Metal Tolerance Using MALDI-TOF MS: A Rapid Alternative to Conventional MIC Methods.","authors":"Nicolás Bustamante, Javier Ortiz, Javiera Soto, Nathalia Baptista Dias, Cristian Vega, César Arriagada-Escamilla","doi":"10.1002/jobm.70064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.70064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metal contamination represents a critical environmental challenge, adversely impacting ecosystems and human health. Microorganisms, including fungi, have developed diverse mechanisms to tolerate and resist metal-induced stress, making them valuables for bioremediation. This study evaluates the metal tolerance of Absidia glauca, Penicillium bilaiae, and Trichoderma viridescens using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay and the alternative minimum profile change concentration (MPCC) approach via MALDI-TOF MS. MIC assay revealed species-specific tolerances to copper, zinc, and cadmium. A. glauca showed the highest tolerance to copper and cadmium (75 and 9 mg L^-1), producing a dry biomass of 0.03 and 0.04 g, respectively. While P. bilaiae exhibited the highest tolerance to zinc (75 mg L^-1) producing a dry biomass of 0.06 g. MALDI-TOF MS provided rapid proteomic information on fungal responses to metals, showing changes in the protein profile as the metal concentration increased. We performed a comparative analysis between the values obtained in the MIC and MPCC, giving a positive correlation in the results of both techniques for Cu, Zn, and Cd (r = 1.00; 0.87 and 0.99 respectively, p < 0.05). In conclusion, MALDI-TOF MS has proven to be an effective method for analyzing fungal proteomic responses to metal exposure, providing more detailed molecular insights than traditional MIC assays. Future studies should investigate the mechanisms underlying metal resistance, particularly focus on the regulation of specific proteins.</p>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"e70064"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Organization Analysis of the Major Cold-Shock Gene deaD in Escherichia coli.","authors":"Soma Jana, Sritapa Basu Mallick, Partha Pratim Datta","doi":"10.1002/jobm.70063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.70063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>DeaD or CsdA (cold-shock DEAD box protein A), is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase, a major cold-shock protein that plays key roles in translation initiation, ribosome biogenesis, and mRNA decay at low temperatures in bacteria. The DeaD homolog of Escherichia coli is ubiquitously present in eukaryotes, archaea, and bacteria. DeaD has been extensively studied at the protein level in E. coli. However, the complex mechanism of deaD gene regulation is yet to be deciphered. To study deaD gene regulation, we engineered a promoter-less reporter plasmid vector which contains an ORF of green fluorescence protein (GFP) without a promoter region. We performed sequential, incremental, zone-wise cloning of DNA fragments of the upstream region of the deaD ORF and analyzed GFP expression in our promoter-less plasmid vector to identify the promoter region. We found out the promoter around 800 nucleotides upstream of deaD ORF, which was further confirmed by its In Vivo deletion in the E. coli genome. We observed the expression of the deaD gene might also occur from the immediate upstream of the nlpI and pnp gene, revealing the phenomenon of an operon system. Interestingly, we found the short ORF of the gene yrbN overlaps with the ORF of deaD but not in the frame. Subsequently, Multiple Sequence Alignment profiles showed that not only the promoter and the unusually long 5'UTR region but the whole genetic arrangement of the deaD gene, including the overlapping phenomenon of ORF of the yrbN gene, is conserved in Gamma-proteobacteria indicating a conserved gene expression pattern.</p>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"e70063"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Mimicry by Bacterial Effector Proteins.","authors":"Aakar Anshul, Pooja Kumari","doi":"10.1002/jobm.70059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.70059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microorganisms have developed sophisticated mechanisms to invade the host and evade the host's immune surveillance while exploiting the host's resources for their establishment through co-evolution. Many pathogens employ specialized protein secretion systems to transport virulence factors from the bacterial cytosol into host cells. These bacterial protein secretion systems can generally be categorized into different classes based on their structures, functions, and specificity. Notably, some pathogens have evolved proteins that mimic specific eukaryotic cell proteins, enabling them to manipulate host cellular pathways. This phenomenon is known as molecular mimicry. These proteins either closely resemble eukaryotic proteins or possess domains typically found in eukaryotes but generally absent in prokaryotes. This mimicry allows pathogens to interfere with host functions and facilitate their survival and proliferation within the host. Here, we review the fundamental characteristics of these secretion pathways, delve into the remarkable diversity of effector proteins, and explore the molecular mechanisms by which different pathogens rewire cellular pathways. Additionally, we discuss recent findings on strategies to counteract pathogen mimicry and the insights gained for the discovery of new antimicrobials.</p>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"e70059"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Efficiency of Serratiopeptidase Immobilized on CMC-Silver Nanoparticles.","authors":"Taleeha Roheen, Mehvish Bibi, Muhammad Fayyaz Ur Rehman, Nasir Assad, Humaira Yasmeen Gondal, Muhammad Nadeem, Farhan Ahmad Atif, Fozia Batool, Nazia Perveen, Rahman Qadir, Saif Ur Rehman, Misbah Maqbool, Shahzad","doi":"10.1002/jobm.70060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.70060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the present study, sunlight-mediated Carboxymethyl cellulose silver nanoparticles (CMC-AgNPs) have been synthesized as a carrier for serratiopeptidase immobilization. Morphological behavior of CMC-AgNPs, crystallinity and functional group identification were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively. The prepared nanoparticles (NPs) were also subjected to zeta potential, which disclosed the zeta potential value of about-36.06 mV, suggesting their negative charge surface, good stability and polydispersity. SRP was immobilized on synthesized NPs through covalent adsorption using glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker. Immobilized (CMC/Ag-SRP) exhibited 80.95% immobilization efficiency and 79.73% immobilization yield, respectively. Remarkably greater relative activities at broader temperature and pH ranges were attained by SRP after immobilization in comparison to its free counterpart. The K_m value was significantly higher for immobilized enzyme, whereas V_max value was conspicuously lower, indicating that less enzyme was sufficient to achieve maximum velocity. The greater zone of inhibition was displayed by immobilized CMC-AgNPs than that of native NPs against both gram-positive Listeria monocytogenes (12 ± 0.05 mm) and gram-negative Escherichia coli (22 ± 0.12 mm). The bigger zone on casein agar plates for immobilized NPs confirms enhanced caseinolytic activity in comparison to starting materials. In Vitro anti-inflammatory assessment of CMC/Ag-SRP presented more potency than the native NPs, which was comparable to the standard drug. Reusability data demonstrated 50% of initial activity was retained after seven successive cycles. Thereby, it is concluded that incorporation of serratiopeptidase onto CMC-AgNPs presented enhanced effects at lower concentrations with improved anti-inflammatory activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"e70060"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Benzoate 1,2-Dioxygenase Identifies Shared Electron Transfer Components With DxnA1A2 in Rhizorhabdus wittichii RW1.","authors":"Igor Ivanovski, Suha Eleya, Gerben J Zylstra","doi":"10.1002/jobm.70061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.70061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rhizorhabdus wittichii RW1 is known for its ability to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, such as dibenzo-p-dioxin (DD) and dibenzofuran (DF). We hypothesized that the R. wittichii RW1 benzoate 1,2-dioxygenase shares electron transfer components with the DD/DF angular dioxygenase (DxnA1A2), similar to many aromatic hydrocarbon degrading sphingomonads. The genes encoding the benzoate oxygenase component (benAB) were identified in the RW1 genome sequence through homology to known benzoate oxygenases. The RW1 benAB genes are upstream from a putative benD gene encoding a cis-benzoate dihydrodiol dehydrogenase. Knockout of the benA gene resulted in a strain unable to grow on benzoate. The knockout strain could be complemented with the cloned benABD genes. Expression of benAB in Escherichia coli along with the fdx3 and redA2 genes, which encode the ferredoxin and reductase components utilized by DxnA1A2, produced a functional benzoate dioxygenase enzyme capable of converting benzoate to benzoate cis-dihydrodiol. Double knockout mutagenesis of the RW1 redA1 and redA2 reductase genes results in a mutant unable to grow on benzoate as the sole carbon source. Based on the gene knockout and heterologous expression experiments the RW1 benzoate 1,2 dioxygenase was identified and shares electron transfer components with DxnA1A2.</p>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"e70061"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biotechnological Potential of Trichoderma koningiopsis LBM116 as a Natural Source of Micolytic Enzymes for Biocontrol.","authors":"Natalia S Amerio, Marcela P Barengo, Gustavo A Bich, Pedro D Zapata, Laura L Villalba, María L Castrillo","doi":"10.1002/jobm.70062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.70062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rapid growth of the global population and the need for sustainable agricultural practices have driven interest in natural biocontrol agents. This study explores the biotechnological potential of Trichoderma koningiopsis LBM116 as a natural source of hydrolytic enzymes, including chitinases, β-1,3-glucanases, and proteases, with promising applications in biological control. The enzymatic formulation derived from this strain exhibited significant inhibitory effects In Vitro on the phytopathogen Alternaria sp., reducing its growth by 64% compared to control treatments. Biochemical characterization of enzymes involved in the biological control of Alternaria sp. was performed. This revealed optimal activity for chitinases and proteases at 45°C (pH 4.8 and 7.4, respectively) and for β-1,3-glucanases at 60°C (pH 5). Enzyme stability was maintained above 50% residual activity under ambient and refrigerated conditions, emphasizing its potential for field applications. This study provides a basis for developing sustainable enzyme bioformulations, contributing to environmentally friendly pest control solutions that reduce dependence on agrochemicals while promoting food safety and environmental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"e70062"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Temperatures and Bacillus Inoculation Affect the Diversity of Bradyrhizobia in Cowpea Root Nodules.","authors":"Crislaine Soares Oliveira, Juliane Rafaele Alves Barros, Viviane Siqueira Lima Silva, Paula Rose de Almeida Ribeiro, Francislene Angelotti, Paulo Ivan Fernandes-Júnior","doi":"10.1002/jobm.70058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.70058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Future climatic scenario predictions indicate a substantial temperature increase, reducing crop production worldwide and demanding the development of adaptations in agriculture. This study aimed to assess the impact of high temperatures and amendments with Bacillus on nodulating bradyrhizobia. Two cowpea genotypes were evaluated at low (min = 20.0°C, max = 33.0°C) and high-temperature regimes (min = 24.8 C, max = 37.8°C). Plants were also inoculated with Bacillus sp. ESA 402, a plant growth-promoting bacterium. The molecular diversity of the bradyrhizobia isolated from cowpea nodules and plant growth was assessed. High temperatures reduced nodulation of the BRS Itaim cowpea genotype. One hundred and eighty-six were genotyped, clustering the collection into 45 groups. The high temperatures reduced the number of groups, but this negative influence was diminished by Bacillus inoculation. Alpha diversity showed little impact on the experimental interactions. However, this influence was evident for all factors and the interaction of the three factors when beta diversity was assessed. 16S rRNA and constitutive gene sequences identified all strains as Bradyrhizobium spp. mainly within the B. japonicum supercluster. Cowpea-Bradyrhizobium association diversity is multifactorial under different temperature regimes, as is the presence or absence of the plant-growth-promoting bacteria Bacillus sp. ESA 402.</p>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"e70058"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144110879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulatory Players in Mycorrhizal-Bacterial-Plant Interactions.","authors":"Madhuja Pa, Karan Iyer, Vatsala Koul, Mandira Kochar","doi":"10.1002/jobm.70053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.70053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mycorrhizae contribute significantly for plant growth and development, often providing nutrients such as phosphate and nitrogen, while also enhancing stress tolerance and resistance against phytopathogens. Plant symbiotic mycorrhizal networks harbor bacterial communities that aid mycorrhizal functions and augment plant nutrition and development. Various bacterial associations of mycorrhiza bring forth advantageous traits to mycorrhizal symbiosis and host colonization, which involves a wide range of signaling and regulatory molecules. These regulatory molecules play an important role in adapting and responding to new microenvironments with different hosts through the production of metabolites and expression of favorable genes. Small molecular components such as noncoding RNA (miRNA and sRNA) are also involved in the regulation and adaptation to these microenvironments. Regulatory pathways involving protein kinases play an important role in the tripartite association of bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi with plants, and the subsequent promotion of symbiotic interactions. This mini-review highlights potential bacterial regulatory candidates which can influence mycorrhiza-plant interactions to significantly benefit plant growth and development. An understanding of these bacterial regulatory mechanisms may suggest new strategies for knowledge-based application in crop productivity improvement programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"e70053"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144093909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Review of Antimicrobial Drugs: Mechanisms of Action and Specific Targets in Microorganisms.","authors":"Deepika Shekhawat, Kuruvalli Gouthami, Ayantika Santra, Subhasish Maity, P C Nagajyothi, Jaesool Shim, Vaddi Damodara Reddy","doi":"10.1002/jobm.70057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.70057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microorganisms, which encompass bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites, are minuscule living entities that have a crucial impact on human health and disease. These microorganisms demonstrate unique mechanisms of action that focus on specific biological targets. For example, bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis focus on the synthesis of the cell wall, while Escherichia coli targets the replication of DNA. Fungi like Candida albicans interfere with ergosterol synthesis, while Aspergillus fumigatus targets lanosterol 14α-demethylase. Viruses like HIV focus on reverse transcriptase, whereas the Influenza virus targets neuraminidase. Parasites such as Plasmodium falciparum focus on dihydrofolate reductase, and Toxoplasma gondii targets dihydropteroate synthase. Understanding these biological targets is crucial for creating effective treatment strategies against infectious diseases. Drugs are essential for influencing particular biological functions in microorganisms, which in turn hampers their growth, persistence, or reproduction. Antibacterial drugs, including beta-lactams and fluoroquinolones, focus on disrupting cell wall formation and DNA replication in bacteria, respectively. Antifungal drugs, including azoles and polyenes, focus on inhibiting ergosterol production and maintaining cell membrane stability in fungi. Antiviral medications, such as reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors, aim at interfering with viral replication and maturation processes in viruses. Antiparasitic medications, like antifolates and arylaminoalcohols, target dihydrofolate reductase and various crucial enzymes in parasites. By targeting these biological processes, drugs can effectively treat infectious diseases caused by microorganisms. This review will address the understanding of microorganisms biological targets for antimicrobial medications by their mechanisms of action.</p>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"e70057"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144093904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}