Journal of building engineering最新文献

{"title":"Composition optimization of cement-gypsum based silica aerogel with low thermal conductivity insulation mortar","authors":"Dee Liu ,&nbsp;Simei Wang ,&nbsp;Xiangyang Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaomin Liu ,&nbsp;Keqi Huang ,&nbsp;Hui Rong ,&nbsp;Zhihua Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112630","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although the thermal conductivity of mortar can be effectively reduced by adding appropriate amount of SiO₂ aerogel to the inorganic cementitious material matrix, the thermal conductivity of thermal insulation mortar is still different from that of organic thermal insulation materials. Therefore, in order to further reduce the thermal conductivity, this paper optimized the composition and formula of cement gypsum silica aerogel thermal insulation mortar. To explore the influence of the amount of polystyrene particles (EPS) (3.9 kg/m³, 5.2 kg/m³, 6.5 kg/m³), the amount of aerogel instead of gypsum (30 wt%, 40 wt%, 50 wt%) and the silica fume ratio of mineral powder (4:1, 1:1, 1:4) on the thermal conductivity, density and compressive strength of mortar. By using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, the mineral composition, microstructure, and pore size distribution of mortar were studied to clarify the correlation between the microstructure of insulation mortar and its insulation performance. The results show that: The influence degree of the above three factors on thermal conductivity and compressive strength of thermal insulation mortar specimens is ranked as follows: silica fume ratio of mineral powder <span><math><mrow><mo>&gt;</mo></mrow></math></span> EPS particle content <span><math><mrow><mo>&gt;</mo></mrow></math></span> aerogel content. The order of influence degree on density is: EPS particle content <span><math><mrow><mo>&gt;</mo></mrow></math></span> silica fume ratio of mineral powder <span><math><mrow><mo>&gt;</mo></mrow></math></span> aerogel content. When the EPS particle content is 5.2 kg/m³, the aerogel content is 30 wt%, and the ratio of mineral powder to silica fume is 4:1, the thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation mortar specimen is 0.032 W/(m∙k), the density is 0.18 g/cm³, and the compressive strength is 0.09 MPa. Changing the composition parameters of the mortar do not alter the mineral composition of the insulation mortar specimens, only the degree of hydration. As the thermal conductivity of mortar decreases, the volume of macropores inside the mortar gradually decreases (decreasing by 13.9 % and 33.2 % respectively), while the volume of transition pores and capillary pores gradually increases (increasing by 6.7 %、29.4 % and 2.6 %、4.6 % respectively).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 112630"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capability of machine learning to predict seismic damage states of reinforced concrete wall structures","authors":"Hoang D. Nguyen ,&nbsp;Nhan D. Dao ,&nbsp;Myoungsu Shin","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reinforced concrete (RC) walls, widely used to resist all seismic forces in building frame systems, play a pivotal role in ensuring the resilience and safety of countless existing buildings against earthquakes. Hence, predicting the damage states of RC wall structures after earthquake events is an essential task for mitigating disasters. This study aims to develop damage prediction models by exploring eight widely recognized machine learning (ML) algorithms: K-nearest neighbors, naive Bayes, decision tree, random forest, adaptive boosting, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), light gradient boosting machine, and category boosting (CatBoost). To generate an extensive dataset for training and testing the ML models, nonlinear time history analyses of 46 RC wall structures were performed subjected to 1000 ground motions. Their damage states were defined employing the maximum interstory drift ratio. Notably, the XGBoost and CatBoost models were the most effective, each achieving an 88 % accuracy in damage state prediction (based on the confusion matrix) for the testing dataset. The performances of the ML models were discussed based on the findings of this and previous studies. Additionally, we developed a graphical user interface for the damage state classification based on the XGBoost and CatBoost models to facilitate convenient access to engineers and the research community. This study highlights the efficiency of ML by evaluating existing models, discussing experiences, and sharing lessons learned from a case study applying ML in engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 112620"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143817269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does BMI affect thermal comfort in young people in warm indoor environments? Evidence from a climate chamber experiment in non-normal BMIs","authors":"Mengyuan He ,&nbsp;Ji Guo ,&nbsp;Hong Liu ,&nbsp;Fengwei Xiong ,&nbsp;Shan Zhou ,&nbsp;Yuxin Wu ,&nbsp;Baizhan Li ,&nbsp;Risto Kosonen","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112618","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112618","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to investigate the differences in thermal comfort between younger people with lower and higher body-mass-index (BMI) in warm environments. A total of 20 college participants (23.6 ± 0.88 years) were recruited for a climate chamber experiment at air temperatures of 30, 32, and 34 °C. Participants were categorized into two BMI groups: a lower BMI group (17.9 ± 0.63 kg/m²) and a higher BMI group (25.8 ± 0.96 kg/m²). Psychological states—assessed using Restoration Outcome Scale (ROS) and Pleasure, Arousal, and Dominance (PAD) emotion scale—were collected alongside thermal perceptions, including thermal sensation, thermal comfort, and perceived sweating votes (TSV, TCV, and PSV). Additionally, thermal responses, such as skin temperature and wettedness, tympanic temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure (T_skin, W_skin, T_t, HR, and BP), were recorded. The results indicated that the higher BMI group exhibited significantly greater PSV, W_skin, and BP compared to the lower BMI group (p &lt; 0.05), with differences of 0.5–0.8 scales, 0.15–0.3, and 10–28 mmHg, respectively. Path analysis revealed a significant difference in the effects of T_skin, W_skin, and BP on TCV via PSV in the higher BMI group. Psychological factors (PAD and ROS) were found to potentially exacerbate thermal discomfort through TSV and PSV. An optimized two-node model was developed based on adjustments to metabolic rate, skin blood flow, cardiac output, and neutral temperatures. These findings contribute to an understanding of indoor thermal comfort and its assessment for young people with varying BMIs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 112618"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation and simulation of behavior of damaged masonry walls under diagonal compression loading: Repairing and retrofitting with TRC","authors":"Fenghao Qu ,&nbsp;Shiping Yin ,&nbsp;Huarui Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the primary load-bearing components of masonry structures, masonry walls are notably vulnerable to seismic damage due to their inherently brittle characteristics. Additionally, the existing load-bearing capacity of many masonry structures, especially those compromised by seismic events, often falls short of the requirements for earthquake resistance, thus necessitating reinforcement. This paper investigates the mechanisms through which Textile-Reinforced Concrete (TRC) enhances the shear performance of damaged walls, employing tests and simulations that incorporate load damage. The development of cracks and the stress transfer pathways in the TRC-repaired walls were characterized using Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technology. The findings demonstrate that TRC can restore the shear capacity of damaged walls. An increase in both the textile layers and the thickness of the matrix may induce some out-of-plane bending, with excessively thick TRC potentially failing to achieve optimal effectiveness. While textile size does affect the deformation characteristics of the specimens, its impact on shear strength and stiffness remains relatively minor. As the wall thickness increases, the constraint provided by the TRC diminishes, limiting improvements in shear performance parameters. Double-sided repairs significantly enhance the overall shear resistance performance. Furthermore, the enhancement of shear performance in low-strength walls is particularly pronounced with the application of TRC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 112615"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and Numerical Study of a Magnetic Friction Damper Integrated with a Buckling-Restrained Brace (MFDBRB)","authors":"Medaouar Mohamed,&nbsp;Wei Guo,&nbsp;Yang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Buckling-restrained braces (BRBs) are renowned for their effectiveness in enhancing seismic performance by providing strength and ductility to steel moment-resisting frames (SRFs). However, conventional BRBs face challenges due to their limited adaptability in extreme seismic events and the potential for significant damage when subjected to unexpectedly intense seismic forces. To address this, researchers have explored hybrid designs that integrate BRBs with other damping technologies, aiming to maximize energy dissipation and structural resilience while safeguarding the BRB from failure. This research focuses on the design and development of a novel Magnetic friction mechanism aligned in series with the BRB. Material selection for the Magnetic friction Damper (MFD) linked to BRB (MFDBRB) is discussed, followed by a detailed analysis of its properties, damping characteristics, and suitability. A 3D finite element model (FEM) was created using COMSOL 6.1 software, and a prototype was fabricated and tested in the laboratory. Three critical factors were identified affecting the damper's performance: increasing the air gap between steel and magnet contact from 0.5 mm to 6 mm reduced adhesion force by 30.35%, lowering the magnet's temperature from 20°C to 0°C increased adhesion force by 4.9%, and expanding the magnet's dimensions enhanced the magnetic field and damping force. Experimental and numerical results indicate that the novel MFDBRB enhances energy dissipation and can be a solution to protect the BRB against intense seismic forces while maintaining similar mechanical characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 112617"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement in properties of engineered cementitious composites by incorporation of bacteria cell walls","authors":"Christian Winata ,&nbsp;Martyana Dwi Cahyati ,&nbsp;Wei-Hsing Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112610","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112610","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a novel approach to improving performance of Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) by utilizing bacterial cell walls (BCW). Key strategies include optimizing fiber distribution to achieve pseudo-strain hardening and controlling flowability through the incorporation of bacterial cell walls derived from <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> and <em>Priestia megaterium</em>. Laboratory investigations including flowability, compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, electrical resistivity, and water absorption were conducted on ECC mixtures with and without BCW incorporation. The results indicated that incorporating bacterial cell walls led to reduced flowability, effectively mitigated bleeding and elevated the deformability factor in the ECC mixtures. Furthermore, the inclusion of BCW significantly improved ECC's compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths, accompanied by a substantial enhancement in strain capacity. In addition, BCW incorporation led to notable increases in electrical resistivity and reductions in the rate of water absorption, thereby highlighting the enhanced durability of ECC. This study underscores the potential of BCW as a promising additive for advancing the mechanical properties and durability of ECC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 112610"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acoustic emission characteristics and constitutive model of steel fiber and steel ball reinforced UHPC under uniaxial tension","authors":"Yajiang Guo ,&nbsp;Danying Gao ,&nbsp;Wei Ma ,&nbsp;Hengjie Pi","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Steel fiber and steel ball reinforced Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (SFBUHPC) is well-known for its impact resistance, while its tensile performance has not been studied systematically. In this study, the tensile performance of SFBUHPC was investigated using dog-bone specimens. The tests were conducted under displacement control with a loading rate of 0.001 mm/s, and the tensile process was monitored through acoustic emission (AE) technology. The results indicated that steel fibers obviously improved the brittleness of SFBUHPC, with the maximum uniaxial tensile peak stress reaching 6.9 MPa at a steel fiber volume fraction of 6 %. The tensile stress-strain curve of SFBUHPC showed a sudden drop after the specimen reached the tensile peak stress due to the incorporation of steel balls. However, this sudden drop phenomenon was alleviated as the steel fiber volume fraction increased from 1 % to 6 %, with the magnitude of the stress drop reducing from 38.1 % to 17.4 %. Based on the peak frequency of AE, AE sources were classified, enabling a more precise identification of internal damage mechanisms. Finally, the damage factor was defined using AE accumulative counting based on the damage theory and was utilized to develop a novel constitutive model capable of effectively capturing the stress-strain curve characteristics. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the tensile behavior of SFBUHPC and offers valuable insights for its engineering applications and further development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 112536"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143799953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balancing mechanical and permeability properties of pervious concrete through inter-aggregate pore structure optimization","authors":"Hui Song ,&nbsp;Shengjie Fan ,&nbsp;Kaixin Wan ,&nbsp;Jinwei Yao ,&nbsp;Weisong Yin ,&nbsp;Yonggang Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The unique pore structure of pervious concrete significantly contributes to its permeability but also affects its mechanical properties. While previous studies have focused primarily on individual pore parameters, the combined effects of porosity and pore distribution remain underexplored, limiting the understanding of how these factors synergistically influence pervious concrete's performance. This study explores the impact of inter-aggregate pore structure characteristics by replacing larger aggregates (4.75–9 mm) with smaller ones (2.35–4.75 mm) and adjusting the compaction density. Image-J software was selected for its effectiveness in analyzing pore size distribution, while grey relational analysis was employed to quantify the relationship between pore characteristics and material properties, providing a comprehensive evaluation of the inter-aggregate pore structure's influence. The results indicate that incorporating smaller aggregates enhances both permeability and compressive strength when compaction density is below 2250 kg/m³, whereas a higher density leads to a reduction in both properties. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the flat-surface pore area and porosity ratio was observed, while permeability showed an exponential relationship with pore area. The study also developed a predictive model for compressive strength, incorporating both porosity and the proportion of small-sized pores, which demonstrated strong consistency with experimental results (R² &gt; 0.75). This model offers practical guidance for optimizing the mix design of pervious concrete, allowing for precise control of pore structure to achieve desired permeability and strength properties, which is crucial for the sustainable development of urban infrastructure, such as sponge cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 112537"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nicotinohydrazide modified chitosan as a new benign bio-macromolecule for corrosion protection of steel in acidic environment: Characterization, experimental and theoretical approach","authors":"A.C. Njoku ,&nbsp;S.C. Nwanonenyi ,&nbsp;P.I. Anyanwu ,&nbsp;B.I. Onyeachu ,&nbsp;I.O. Eze ,&nbsp;M.N. Akanbi ,&nbsp;C.K. Oguzie ,&nbsp;D.I. Njoku","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112602","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112602","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Corrosion inhibitors play a pivotal role in building and construction technology. Using formaldehyde (FDH) as a cross-linking agent, chitosan (CTS) was modified with nicotinic acid hydrazide (NADH), and its anticorrosion effect on mild steel in 1 M HCl was ascertained using combined gravimetric, electrochemical, and computational methods. An exhaustive Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) characterization of the modified CTS was adopted to confirm the grafting of NADH. An inhibition efficiency of 60 % was obtained with the unmodified CTS, while the nicotinic acid hydrazide-grated chitosan (CTS-NADH) gave an improved inhibition efficiency of 86.3 % at 200 mg/L. Polarization studies show that CTS-NADH had a mixed inhibition protection property since it acted on both the cathodic and anodic current curves. The CTS-NADH adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results compare the peak areas/intensities of the chemical states of the elemental components of the product films formed on mild steel surfaces in 1 M HCl in the presence of CTS-NADH and CTS. Gravimetric, electrochemical, and XPS characterization results reveal how the grafting of NAHD on CTS enhanced the adsorption capacity of the CTS. SEM surface characterization confirmed minimal surface degradation of the inhibited mild steel. The computational analysis, using density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics simulation (MDS), revealed that the modified CTS (CTS-NADH) provided better frontier electronic properties and higher adsorption energy compared to the unmodified CTS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 112602"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on micromechanical properties of bricks from ancient Han Dynasty sites based on nanoindentation","authors":"Song Yin ,&nbsp;Yuru Li ,&nbsp;Haitao Yan ,&nbsp;Siyue Zheng ,&nbsp;Kebin Ren ,&nbsp;Xingming Li ,&nbsp;Ran An ,&nbsp;Zhiliu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112546","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112546","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The quantitative evaluation of the mechanical properties and pore distribution properties of bricks of ancient sites is of great importance for the scientific protection of ancient sites. Due to the peculiarity of brick-built tombs of ancient cultural relics, it is not possible to collect many samples, making it difficult to carry out traditional mechanical property tests through extensive sampling and sample preparation. Thus, this study uses the nanoindentation test method to examine the internal and surface mechanical parameters of brick fragments from the Han Dynasty at micro- and nanoscales. And the macroscopic mechanical parameters of the Han Dynasty bricks were upscaled based on the Mori-Tanaka model. The study shows a significant difference in mechanical properties between the surface and interior of Han Dynasty bricks. The surface and internal micro-average elastic modulus of Han Dynasty bricks are 37.5 GPa and 50.9 GPa, respectively. The macro-average elastic modulus of the surface and interior of Han Dynasty bricks is 49.55 GPa and 63.10 GPa, respectively. There are obvious differences in the microstructure and pore distribution between the surface and interior of Han Dynasty bricks. The surface and internal porosity are 10.66% and 2.80%, respectively. The mineral composition and microstructure of Han Dynasty bricks can meaningfully explain the differences in mechanical properties between their surface and internal structures. The above research can provide technical references for the preservation and restoration of brick tombs and ancient cultural remains and provide micro-mechanical test methods for predicting the macro-physical mechanical properties of bricks from the Han dynasty.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 112546"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}